2026-08-18T19:10:42.706Z / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
随着中期选举临近，公众对科技巨头为人工智能产品和云计算打造的高能耗数据中心的不满情绪升温，越来越多的州长正在调整立场或采取措施限制数据中心发展。
针对这些大型服务器仓库的反对浪潮，正席卷美国一些大州以及总统摇摆州的州长竞选。
民主党籍宾夕法尼亚州州长乔希·夏皮罗周二表示，他的政府在发放建筑许可时，将不再把数据中心项目列为优先项；若数据中心无法达到特定标准，也不会为其提供丰厚的税收减免。
这些标准包括：全额承担电力成本、限制用水量，并在当地社区开展宣传推广活动。
被视为2028年总统大选潜在候选人的夏皮罗，正面临来自共和党对手斯泰西·加里蒂的越来越大的压力，该州各地社区都在反对拟建的数据中心项目。
夏皮罗在一份声明中表示，宾夕法尼亚州正面临“数量令人无法接受的投机性数据中心提案涌入本州——其中许多提案由根本不重视当地社区的开发商提出”。
与此同时，在得克萨斯州，民主党候选人吉娜·希诺霍萨周二在农村市场发布了一则电视广告，指责共和党州长格雷格·雅培“将你们出卖”给数据中心高管和企业。
该广告发布之际，身为州议员的希诺霍萨正积极利用农村共和党票仓的不满情绪——当地民众认为数据中心对乡村生活、牧场土地和日益减少的水资源构成威胁。
曾几何时，夏皮罗和雅培都是数据中心的支持者，并积极主动招揽数据中心项目。
但最近几周，雅培已下令监管机构采取措施，确保德克萨斯州民众不会因数据中心而支付更高的电费，甚至要求监管机构暂缓项目审批，直至完成相关工作。
他还承诺将于明年推动一项立法议程，对数据中心实施监管，包括取消该州每年超过十亿美元的税收减免政策。
在过去一年的大部分时间里，随着愤怒的民众涌入一度冷清的市政会议，全美各地越来越多的数据中心项目在当地分区或许可委员会投票中遭到否决。
人们主要担忧的问题包括：失去开放空间、农田、森林或乡村特色；现场柴油发电机启动或服务器持续运转的噪音，会对生活质量、房产价值或健康造成损害；还有人担心水井和含水层可能枯竭，或者电费将大幅上涨。
规模较小、不引人注目的数据中心已经存在了数十年。但人工智能聊天机器人的兴起，催生了比几乎任何城镇都要庞大的数据中心。其中一些数据中心的规模堪比足球场和工厂，能耗超过小型城市。
一些官员要求数据中心自行承担电力成本，并限制用水量。他们还对大多数州为数据中心提供的销售税豁免政策所带来的日益增长的成本感到不满。
在亚利桑那州，寻求连任的民主党州长凯蒂·霍布斯促使议员们同意对该州的数据中心销售税豁免政策实施三年暂停令。霍布斯此前作为议员曾投票支持设立这项税收抵免，她将其称为“企业福利”。
寻求连任的民主党籍纽约州州长凯西·霍楚尔下令暂停大型数据中心建设一年，以便该州有时间出台环境保护和电网保护措施。
夏皮罗并非唯一一位加大对数据中心批评力度的2028年白宫潜在候选人。正在寻求连任第三届的民主党籍伊利诺伊州州长JB·普里茨克，暂停了该州对数据中心的新销售税豁免政策，直至议员们对数据中心运营实施更严格的标准。
在俄亥俄州，民主党和共和党州长候选人——艾米·阿克顿博士和维韦克·拉马斯瓦米——最近几天各自公布了相互对立的数据中心政策，要求开发商在建设前满足更严格的标准。
在威斯康星州，民主党州长候选人戴维·克劳利以微弱优势击败了弗朗西斯卡·洪——后者将呼吁暂停数据中心建设一年作为竞选活动的核心议题。
克劳利采取了更为微妙的立场，他表示当地社区必须拥有否决权，同时也承认数据中心是现代经济的一部分，能够为该州带来可观的经济利益。
他的共和党对手、美国众议员汤姆·蒂芙尼一直在该问题上攻击克劳利，包括本周发布的一则电视广告，称他为“数据中心戴维·克劳利”。
Gov. Josh Shapiro announces new limits on data centers in Pennsylvania
2026-08-18T19:10:42.706Z / CNN
More governors are shifting their stances or taking steps to squeeze data centers as the midterm elections near and public opinion sours on the energy-hungry behemoths tech giants are building to fuel artificial intelligence products and cloud computing.
The backlash to the massive server warehouses is enveloping races for governor in some of the nation’s biggest states and presidential battlegrounds.
Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro, a Democrat, said Tuesday that his administration would no longer put data center projects at the head of the line when it comes to issuing construction permits or grant them a lucrative tax exemption if they don’t meet certain standards.
Those include plans to pay the full cost of their electricity, limit water use and mount a local outreach campaign in the community.
Shapiro, considered a potential contender for the White House in 2028, is facing increasing pressure from his GOP opponent in the gubernatorial race, Stacy Garrity, as communities across the state revolt against proposed data centers.
Shapiro said in a statement that Pennsylvania is seeing an “unacceptable number of speculative proposals for data centers swamp our commonwealth — many of them led by developers who have no regard for local communities.”
Meanwhile, in Texas, Democratic challenger Gina Hinojosa released a TV ad in rural markets Tuesday accusing Republican Gov. Greg Abbott of “selling you out” to data center executives and companies.
The ad airs as Hinojosa, a state lawmaker, has aggressively looked to exploit an undercurrent of discontent in rural, Republican strongholds over data centers’ perceived threat to rural life, ranch land and dwindling water supplies.
At one time, both Shapiro and Abbott had been cheerleaders for data centers and actively sought to recruit them.
But in recent weeks, Abbott ordered regulators to take steps to ensure Texans were not paying higher electricity bills because of data centers, even telling them to hold up projects until they compete their work.
He also promised to push a legislative agenda next year to impose regulations on data centers, including taking away the state’s billion-dollar-plus annual tax break.
For much of the past year, a growing number of data center projects have met rejection in local zoning or permitting board votes across the US, as angry residents pack once-sleepy municipal meetings.
Losing open space, farmland, forest or rural character is a big concern. So is the damage to quality of life, property values or health by on-site diesel generators kicking on or the constant hum of servers. Others worry that wells and aquifers could run dry or electricity bills will skyrocket.
Small, under-the-radar data centers have been around for decades. But the explosion of artificial intelligence chatbots has given rise to data centers that are larger than anything just about any town has ever seen. Some of them dwarf football stadiums and factories and use more energy than small cities.
Some officials want centers to pay for their own electricity and to limit water use. They are also chafing at the rising tab for the sales tax exemption most states offer data centers.
In Arizona, Democratic Gov. Katie Hobbs, who is seeking reelection, got lawmakers to agree to slap a three-year moratorium on the state’s sales tax exemption for data centers. Hobbs, who had voted to create the tax credits when she was a legislator, called it a “corporate handout.”
New York Gov. Kathy Hochul, a Democrat seeking reelection, ordered a one-year ban on large data centers to give the state time to impose protections for the environment and its energy grid.
Shapiro isn’t the only potential 2028 White House hopeful to step up his criticism data centers. Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker, a Democrat running for a third term, halted new sales tax exemptions for data centers there until lawmakers impose tougher standards on their operations.
In Ohio, the Democratic and Republican nominees for governor — Dr. Amy Acton and Vivek Ramaswamy — in recent days each unveiled dueling data center policies that called for developers to meet tougher standards before being built.
In Wisconsin, the Democratic nominee for governor, David Crowley, narrowly defeated a candidate, Francesca Hong, who made her call for a one-year moratorium on data center construction a centerpiece of her campaign.
Crowley has taken a more nuanced approach, saying local communities must have veto authority, while also saying data centers are a part of the modern economy and could bring significant economic benefits to the state.
His Republican opponent, US Rep. Tom Tiffany, has attacked Crowley on the issue, including a TV ad released this week in which he calls him “Data Center David Crowley.”