2026-06-15T10:09:21.811Z / https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/us-lenders-brace-results-trump-regulators-probe-alleged-politically-driven-2026-06-15/
- 消息人士称，美国货币监理署的调查可能点名银行，并可能升级为制裁或执法行动
- 银行否认存在政治偏见，称其遵循风险管理原则；特朗普及其他人指控存在歧视
- 执法的法律依据尚不明确；美国检察官办公室也在调查“去银行化”现象
纽约6月15日路透电——多名知情人士透露，美国大型放贷机构正面临进一步的公众审视，内容是它们是否曾不当关停客户账户。与此同时，一家顶级监管机构即将结束相关审查，预计将点名批评多家银行并采取惩戒措施。
美国货币监理署（OCC）有望在未来几周发布一项监管审查结果，审查内容包括摩根大通（JPM.N，打开新标签页）、美国银行（BAC.N，打开新标签页）等放贷机构是否出于宗教或政治理由切断或拒绝提供服务，这类行为通常被称为“去银行化”。消息人士称，该机构还审查了放贷机构是否拒绝为合法的保守派关联行业提供服务，例如化石燃料企业、枪支制造商和加密货币公司。
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“去银行化”通常指金融机构突然切断或限制向个人或企业提供服务的行为。在共和党籍总统特朗普去年发布行政命令后，当局开始打击特朗普所称的由民主党推动的政治动机“去银行化”行为，这给放贷机构带来了麻烦，这些机构否认相关指控，称其只是遵循了风险管理规则。
多年来，共和党一直向华尔街银行施压，要求它们放弃所谓的左翼“觉醒”政策，称这些政策存在歧视。特朗普表示，他本人的账户曾因这类政治原因被关停。
其中一位消息人士和银行的公开公告显示，日益加大的压力导致一些银行重新考虑其放贷和其他账户服务的长期政策。
另外两名消息人士称，华盛顿美国检察官办公室也在就“去银行化”问题调查放贷机构。《华尔街日报》上周率先报道了此次调查。
监管机构调查“去银行化”投诉
去年12月，美国货币监理署发布了一份初步报告，指出2020年至2023年间，九家大型银行存在限制部分行业和群体服务，或要求过度风险管理筛查的政策，通常是为了避免与相关银行业务相关的声誉风险。该机构表示，正在审查这些政策以及约10万起相关投诉。
四名消息人士称，自那以来，该机构已经进行了多轮问询，部分放贷机构直到最近几周仍在回应查询。他们补充说，监管机构的问题聚焦于银行提供和撤销服务的决策流程，且细节极其详尽。
两名消息人士称，在全面审查报告中，美国货币监理署预计将点名具体的银行和案例，并预计监管机构将对部分案件升级为正式制裁措施。这些措施可能包括发出私人监管通知，要求银行整改其放贷政策，甚至公开执法行动，这类行动通常会以缴纳罚款了结。
美国货币监理署还表示，其正在审查花旗集团（C.N，打开新标签页）、富国银行（WFC.N，打开新标签页）、第一资本金融公司（COF.N，打开新标签页）、美国合众银行（USB.N，打开新标签页）、匹兹堡国民银行（PNC.N，打开新标签页）、多伦多道明银行（TD.TO，打开新标签页）和蒙特利尔银行（BMO.TO，打开新标签页）。这九家银行的发言人均拒绝置评。
放贷机构称，它们关停账户的原因多种多样，包括异常交易活动、文书问题，或账户未按声明用途使用，但政治倾向并非其中之一。
消息人士因事件敏感而拒绝透露身份。美国货币监理署的一位发言人也拒绝置评。
本月在国会作证时，美国货币监理署署长乔纳森·古尔德表示，该机构正在调查“去银行化”问题，并正在探索潜在的法律责任理论。“我们在这一进程中已经取得了很大进展，”他补充道。
白宫发言人未回应置评请求。
特朗普就“去银行化”起诉放贷机构
2025年1月，特朗普指控摩根大通和美国银行歧视保守派人士，他及其关联企业正因账户关停事件起诉摩根大通和第一资本金融公司。两家银行均否认了相关指控。
共和党关注的另一起投诉来自总部位于孟菲斯的基督教慈善机构“原住民进步事工”，该机构在乌干达开展工作。2023年，该机构指控美国银行以宗教理由关停其账户。在共和党州总检察长对该投诉进行审查后，美国银行表示，“原住民进步事工”从事催收业务，该行不向该行业或在海外运营的小企业提供服务。
该慈善机构未回应置评请求。
美国全国宗教自由委员会主席、共和党人萨姆·布朗巴克曾表示，2022年摩根大通以宗教理由关停了与他相关的一个账户。摩根大通称，账户被关停是因为信息不完整。
曾为特朗普竞选活动大量捐款的加密货币公司也抱怨银行排斥其行业。
一些银行正在调整其政策。摩根大通今年1月致枪支行业组织NSSF的一封信显示，该行已取消对多个行业的银行业务限制，包括民用步枪业务。这封援引特朗普行政命令的信件此前未被报道。
花旗集团去年也取消了一项限制向零售客户销售枪支业务提供服务的政策。
法律依据尚不明确
消息人士称，监管机构可以基于何种理由采取潜在执法行动尚不明确，因为美国货币监理署指出的许多群体并不受公平借贷法律的保护。
其中一位消息人士称，华盛顿美国检察官办公室正在调查银行是否违反了1989年《金融机构改革、恢复和执法法案》，该法律传统上用于起诉与银行相关的欺诈行为。路透社无法确认美国货币监理署是否也在探索类似的法律依据。
戴维斯·赖特·特雷梅恩律师事务所合伙人斯蒂芬·甘农表示，美国货币监理署可能会辩称，放贷机构因客户的合法行为而对其进行处罚，并且过度强调某些客户交易可能通过损害银行声誉来伤害银行的风险，从而违反了安全稳健标准。
特朗普政府监管机构去年停止了对这类风险的监管，甘农称，这类风险“一直被批评为模糊不清”。
由赛义德·阿扎尔、努普尔·安南和克里斯·普伦蒂斯在纽约报道；塔蒂亚娜·鲍策尔和皮特·施罗德分别在纽约和华盛顿补充报道；米歇尔·普莱斯和马修·刘易斯编辑
我们的准则：汤姆森路透社信任原则。
US lenders brace for results of Trump regulator’s probe of alleged politically driven account closures
2026-06-15T10:09:21.811Z / https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/us-lenders-brace-results-trump-regulators-probe-alleged-politically-driven-2026-06-15/
- OCC review may name banks, escalate to sanctions or enforcement actions, sources say
- Banks deny political bias, cite risk management; Trump, others allege discrimination
- Legal basis for enforcement unclear; U.S. Attorney’s Office also probing debanking
NEW YORK, June 15 (Reuters) – Big U.S. lenders are bracing for further public scrutiny over whether they improperly closed customer accounts as a top watchdog wraps up a review that is expected to name and shame banks and result in disciplinary action, said several people with knowledge of the matter.
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is poised to publish in coming weeks the findings of a supervisory review of whether lenders including JPMorgan
(JPM.N), opens new tab
and Bank of America
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cut off or denied services on religious or political grounds, often dubbed debanking. It has also examined whether lenders denied services to legitimate, conservative-aligned sectors such as fossil-fuel companies, gun makers and crypto, the people said.
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Debanking generally refers to the process whereby a financial institution suddenly cuts off or restricts services to individuals or businesses. Following Republican President Donald Trump’s order last year, authorities have been cracking down on what Trump has characterized as politically motivated debanking pushed by Democrats, creating headaches for lenders, who deny the claims and say they have merely been following risk management rules.
Republicans have for years been ramping up pressure on Wall Street banks to drop what they describe as left-leaning “woke” policies that they say are discriminatory, and Trump says he has personally had accounts closed for such political reasons.
The growing pressure has led some banks to rethink longstanding policies for lending and other account services, according to one of the people and banks’ public announcements.
The U.S. Attorney’s Office in Washington is also probing lenders over debanking, according to two of the people. The Wall Street Journal first reported that probe last week.
REGULATORS PROBE DEBANKING COMPLAINTS
In December, the OCC published a preliminary report flagging that nine big banks from 2020 to 2023 had policies of restricting services to some industries and groups or of requiring excessive risk-management screens, often to avoid the reputational risk associated with banking them. The agency said it was reviewing those policies and around 100,000 related complaints.
Since then, it has conducted multiple rounds of inquiries, with some lenders still fielding queries in recent weeks, four people said. The watchdog’s questions have focused on banks’ decision-making processes for providing and revoking services and have been extremely detailed, they added.
In its full review, the OCC is expected to highlight specific banks and cases, adding they anticipate the watchdog will escalate some to formal sanctions, two people said. Those could include a private supervisory notice demanding the banks fix their lending policies, or even public enforcement actions which would likely be settled with penalties.
The OCC has said it is also scrutinizing Citigroup
(C.N), opens new tab
, Wells Fargo
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, Capital One
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, U.S. Bank
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, PNC
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, TD Bank
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and BMO Bank
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. Spokespeople for the nine banks declined to comment.
Lenders say they close accounts for various reasons, including unusual activity, paperwork problems, or because the account is not being used for its stated purpose, but that political leanings are not one of them.
The sources declined to be identified because the matter is sensitive. An OCC spokesperson declined to comment.
Speaking to lawmakers this month, Comptroller Jonathan Gould said the agency was investigating debanking and exploring a potential legal theory of liability. “We are well advanced in that process,” he added.
A White House spokesperson did not respond to a request for comment.
TRUMP SUING LENDERS FOR DEBANKING
Trump in January 2025 accused JPMorgan and BofA of discriminating against conservatives, and he and affiliated businesses are suing JPMorgan and Capital One over account closures. The banks have denied the accusations.
Another complaint that has received attention, opens new tab
among Republicans came from Indigenous Advance Ministries, a Memphis-based Christian charity that works in Uganda. In 2023, it accused BofA of closing its accounts on religious grounds. In response to scrutiny from Republican state attorneys general over that complaint, BofA said Indigenous Advance was engaged in debt collection and that the bank does not serve that sector, or small businesses that operate overseas.
The charity did not respond to a request for comment.
Sam Brownback, a Republican who leads the National Committee for Religious Freedom, has said that in 2022 JPMorgan closed an account linked to him on religious grounds. JPMorgan said it was closed due to inadequate information.
Crypto companies, which donated heavily to Trump’s election campaign, have also complained that banks have shunned their industry.
Some lenders are shifting their policies. JPMorgan has removed restrictions on banking a number of sectors, including on rifles for civilian use, according to a letter the bank sent to firearm group NSSF in January this year. The letter, which cites Trump’s executive order, has not previously been reported.
Citi last year also dropped a policy that had restricted services to retail clients selling firearms.
LEGAL THEORY UNCLEAR
The sources said it was unclear on what grounds regulators could pursue potential enforcement actions, since many of the groups the OCC flagged would not be protected by fair lending laws.
The U.S. Attorney’s Office in Washington is investigating whether banks violated the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989, a law traditionally used to prosecute bank-related fraud, one of the sources said. Reuters could not ascertain if the OCC is exploring a similar theory.
Stephen Gannon, a partner at Davis Wright Tremaine, said the OCC may argue that lenders flouted safety and soundness standards by penalizing customers for lawful activity and by overemphasizing the risk that certain client dealings could harm banks by damaging their reputation.
That risk, which Trump’s regulators stopped policing last year, “has been consistently criticized as vague,” said Gannon.
Reporting by Saeed Azhar, Nupur Anand and Chris Prentice in New York; Additional reporting by Tatiana Bautzer in New York and Pete Schroeder in Washington; Editing by Michelle Price and Matthew Lewis
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.