2026年7月9日 / 美国东部时间早上6:00 / 哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）新闻
哥伦比亚广播公司新闻对检查报告的分析显示，截至6月底，在45所关押500名及以上在押人员的移民拘留设施中，有15所已超过12个月未接受检查，另有5所没有任何检查记录。
这一情况紧随美国移民及海关执法局（ICE）的政策转变而来：该局将原本对大多数设施每年两次的检查调整为每年一次或每两年一次。移民拘留监管专家表示，此举削弱了本就存在缺陷的监督机制。
“许多设施都存在违规问题，需要定期重新评估才能确保这些问题得到整改，”加州大学洛杉矶分校医学院助理教授安妮特·德克尔博士说道。她曾研究移民被拘留者的健康状况，并共同撰写了2024年一篇呼吁改革检查制度的论文。
“如果现在检查频率降低，这令人担忧，因为两次评估之间的时间间隔太长，无法确保医疗和其他拘留条件达标，”德克尔告诉CBS新闻。
随着特朗普政府的驱逐打击行动使拘留人数升至新高，人们对拘留条件的担忧与日俱增。去年，ICE拘留所的死亡人数达到2020年以来的最高水平。今年5月，新泽西州德莱尼大厅拘留中心内的被拘留者因对变质食品和劣质医疗服务的担忧发起绝食抗议，该设施外也爆发了数周的抗议活动。而就在上个月，一份政府审查报告揭露了ICE最大拘留设施——埃尔帕索的东蒙大拿营的危险状况。
CBS新闻的分析发现，自2019年以来，ICE在近90%的检查中至少发现一项违规问题，涵盖工作人员未足够频繁地进行自杀风险排查、未将食品储存在适宜温度下、未妥善提交事件报告等情况。
美国国土安全部（DHS）的一位发言人对检查政策的调整进行了辩护，他告诉CBS新闻，“检查频率是根据设施类型、拘留容量和运营功能确定的”，并补充道，“ICE维持着一套强大的多层合规计划，旨在确保其遵守合同规定的拘留标准。”
政策逆转
2018年，国土安全部的一名监督人员发现ICE拘留监督办公室（ODO）的检查频率不足以确保设施整改违规行为，国会随后增加拨款，要求在2021财年末前将检查次数增至每年两次。
但去年情况发生了变化：ICE开始对专用拘留设施（即仅关押ICE被拘留者的设施）进行年度检查，对非专用设施（如县监狱）则每两年检查一次。该局还为关押人数不足50人的非专用设施增加了每两年一次的“协助自检”项目，其中部分设施此前从未定期接受检查。
据路透社报道，边境事务专员汤姆·霍曼2025年2月对各郡治安官表示，本届政府旨在减少联邦检查的数量，以鼓励当地执法部门允许其监狱被用作拘留设施。截至今年4月，关押ICE被拘留者的设施数量已从去年2月的104所增至203所。
一名国土安全部发言人告诉CBS新闻，新框架使ICE能够“根据设施类型和运营复杂度分配监督资源”。
该发言人强调，所有专用ICE设施“无论规模大小”都已安排在本财年（截至9月30日）内接受检查。根据新框架，他们写道，“拘留人数有限和/或短期拘留功能的小型或非专用设施将接受每两年一次的评级检查”，即每两年一次。
但部分非专用设施关押的移民人数与专用设施不相上下。ICE的数据显示，其中5所设施的平均在押人数超过500人。
本月早些时候通过的一项为国土安全部（不包括ICE和海关与边境保护局）提供资金的预算法案，为该局监察长安排了2000万美元，用于移民拘留设施的检查工作——该监察长负责国土安全部内部的监督职能。但本月通过的为这两家机构提供资金的法案，并未包含对拘留监督办公室检查工作的相关要求。
“毫无疑问，检查越多越好”
即便拘留监督办公室曾每半年检查一次设施，美国政府问责局的一份审查仍发现，该办公室缺乏评估其检查项目是否有效维护被拘留者健康与安全的方法。一些人认为事实确实如此。
“通常情况下，设施被查出违规却不会受到任何处罚，”加州大学洛杉矶分校的德克尔医生兼助理教授说道。拘留监督办公室将设施未达标准的领域称为违规问题。
根据法律规定，ICE必须在连续两次检查不合格后终止与设施的合同，但CBS新闻的分析发现，部分设施多次存在严重违规问题却从未在检查中被判定不合格。
例如，佐治亚州伦普金的斯图尔特拘留中心是一家专用签约设施，平均关押约2000名被拘留者，其在2025年3月的最新一次检查中获得了“合格/达标”评级。但检查人员发现了12项违规问题，其中两项被列为与自杀预防相关的“优先事项”。该县验尸官告诉CBS新闻，自那以后已有两名被拘留者自杀身亡，分别是去年6月和今年4月。
国土安全部的一名发言人驳斥了ICE未对设施问责的说法，他写道，“ICE会直接与负责的外勤办公室和设施运营方合作，整改已查明的违规问题，使设施符合ICE的拘留标准。”
CBS新闻的分析发现，自2019年开始每年两次检查以来，每次检查发现的违规问题数量每年都呈下降趋势。这一趋势在2025年持续，但今年到目前为止，大型设施每次检查发现的违规问题数量呈上升趋势。
其中包括密西西比州纳奇兹的一所设施被查出超过23起使用武力的违规行为，以及埃尔帕索拘留中心被查出22起违规行为——美国国土安全部外部检查员在该中心发现了多项健康与安全问题。拘留监督办公室对德克萨斯州迪利家庭拘留中心的检查也发现，该中心的儿童教育项目存在16项违规问题。
曾在奥巴马政府期间担任国土安全部民权与自由事务负责人的玛戈·施拉格表示，得知检查将至会促使设施“自我审查”，有时还会自行整改问题。
“你希望这种情况以相当规律的节奏发生，”她说，“然后检查本身就能发现正在出现的问题。”
“毫无疑问，检查越多越好，”她补充道，“所以当检查频率降低时，其间的情况很可能会严重失控。”
监督日益削弱
国土安全部去年还削减了其他监督机制，包括大幅削弱移民拘留监察员办公室和民权与自由事务办公室的职权——这两个办公室原本负责调查不当行为和虐待行为的投诉。
“此前权利可能受到保护的人们，如今在拘留期间极易遭受严重的医疗忽视、狱警虐待，以及失去公平抗辩移民案件的权利，”安东尼·恩里克斯说道。他正就政府解散上述办公室一事提起诉讼。“如果此前有人提出投诉，这些问题至少可能会针对部分个人得到解决，但现在我们再也看不到这种情况了。”
ICE还于今年6月放宽了部分设施的拘留标准，以“减轻拘留运营方的负担”，其中包括取消对被拘留者劳动的薪酬要求。去年，拘留监督办公室还允许由美国法警局（USMS）运营的设施采用美国法警局的标准——该手册的篇幅仅为原有标准的三分之一，在法律援助电话接入、残疾被拘留者住宿安排以及被拘留者 disciplinary segregation时长等方面的要求都更为宽松。
“安全护栏正在不断拆除，”曾担任前总统巴拉克·奥巴马时期国土安全部长珍妮特·纳波利塔诺的特别顾问、拘留标准专家多拉·施里罗说道，“我非常担心我们不仅向郡治安官妥协，还向美国法警局妥协的后果。”
拘留监督办公室还允许美国法警局的设施开展“协助自检”。
CBS新闻发现，改用自检或新的标准后，美国法警局设施报告的违规问题平均大幅减少。在ICE开始实施这些改革前后均接受过检查的26所设施中，改革前平均每次检查发现12项违规问题，改革后平均仅为2项。
批评人士还指出，拘留监督办公室隶属于ICE，缺乏独立性，这妨碍了其开展充分监督的能力。
“没有理由认为他们会切实深入调查实地情况，并落实诚实审查所需的必要整改措施，”华盛顿特区移民法律服务倡导组织全国移民正义中心的政策主任阿扎德·埃尔法尼说道。
一些公职人员已自行承担起监督职责。一群议员起诉ICE，要求获得自行开展检查的权限——他们的检查有时会比拘留监督办公室的检查发现更多问题。
例如，在加州的阿德尔anto ICE处理中心，州检查员发现医疗和拘留人员配备不足以应对被拘留者人数激增的情况，被拘留者称即便在紧急情况下也无法获得及时治疗。而该中心在2025年9月的最新一次拘留监督办公室检查中，官员未记录任何医疗违规问题。
自特朗普总统就职以来，阿德尔anto已有4名被拘留者死亡，其中3人是在该设施最近一次检查后死亡的。目前尚不清楚其下一次检查将在何时进行。
“如果（ICE）计划合并检查或减少检查次数，却不了解哪些措施有效、当前系统的效果如何，那么做出这些改变是很难站得住脚的，”美国政府问责局国土安全与司法问题主任希瑟·麦克劳德说道。该局曾在2024年对拘留检查实践开展审查。“虽然我们尚未有机会审查ICE拘留监督办公室调整检查频率所产生的影响，但我们希望他们有数据来支持这项调整决定。”
关于数据说明
为衡量检查频率以及检查发现的违规问题类型和数量，CBS新闻从ICE网页上发布的拘留监督办公室检查报告中提取并分析了相关数据。截至7月8日，最新发布的检查报告完成于2026年6月18日。如果检查持续多日，CBS新闻以检查结束日期作为检查日期。为识别日均关押500名及以上被拘留者的设施，CBS新闻使用了ICE最新的拘留管理统计数据（截至4月初），其中包含各设施本财年迄今的日均在押人数。佛罗里达州的“短吻鳄恶魔岛”设施从未被拘留监督办公室检查过，但由于该设施已于6月关闭，因此被排除在分析之外。
More than a dozen immigration detention facilities have gone over a year without inspection under revised ICE policies
July 9, 2026 / 6:00 AM EDT / CBS News
Fifteen of the 45 immigration detention facilities holding 500 or more people hadn’t been inspected in over 12 months as of late June, while five had no inspection on record, a CBS News analysis of inspection reports found.
This follows a shift in Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s policies from inspecting most of its facilities twice a year to once a year or once every two years. It’s a move immigration custody experts said weakens an oversight mechanism that was already flawed.
“A lot of facilities have deficiencies and it takes frequent reassessments to ensure that those deficiencies are being addressed,” said Dr. Annette Decker, an assistant professor at UCLA’s medical school who has studied health outcomes among immigration detainees and co-authored a 2024 paper calling for inspection reforms.
“It’s concerning if now they’re doing this less frequently, because that’s a pretty big time gap between evaluations to just ensure that healthcare and other conditions are being met,” Decker told CBS News.
Concern about conditions in detention has mounted as the Trump administration’s deportation crackdown has pushed the detention population to heights. Deaths in ICE custody were at their highest rate since 2020 last year. In May, concerns about spoiled food and poor medical care sparked a hunger strike inside New Jersey’s Delaney Hall and weeks of protests outside the facility. And last month, a government review found dangerous conditions at ICE’s largest facility, Camp East Montana in El Paso.
Since 2019, ICE’s inspections identified at least one deficiency in nearly 90% of inspections they carried out, ranging from staff failing to perform suicide checks often enough to not storing food at adequate temperatures or properly filing incident reports, CBS News’ analysis found.
A Department of Homeland Security spokesperson defended the changes in inspection policy, telling CBS News that the “frequency of inspections is based on facility type, detention capacity, and operational function,” and added that “ICE maintains a robust, multi-layered compliance program designed to promote compliance with ICE’s contractually obligated detention standards.”
Walking back reforms
After a DHS watchdog found in 2018 that ICE Office of Detention Oversight inspections were not frequent enough to ensure facilities remedied violations, Congress increased funding to require inspections twice a year by the end of fiscal year 2021.
That changed last year, when ICE moved to conduct annual inspections on dedicated facilities, or those that exclusively hold ICE detainees, and inspections every other year on non-dedicated facilities, such as county jails. It also added biennial “assisted self-inspections” for non-dedicated facilities holding fewer than 50 people, some of which were not previously regularly inspected.
Border czar Tom Homan told sheriffs in February 2025 that the administration was aiming to reduce the number of federal inspections in a move to encourage local law enforcement agencies to allow their jails to be used as detention facilities, Reuters reported. By April of this year, there were 203 facilities holding ICE detainees, up from 104 last February.
A DHS spokesperson told CBS News that the new framework allows ICE to “allocate oversight resources based on facility type and operational complexity.”
The spokesperson emphasized that all dedicated ICE facilities, “regardless of population size,” are scheduled for inspections this fiscal year, which ends Sept. 30. Under the new framework, they wrote, “smaller or non-dedicated facilities with limited detention populations and/or shorter-term detention functions receive biennial rated inspections,” meaning every other year.
But some non-dedicated facilities hold just as many immigrants as dedicated facilities. Five of these facilities hold an average of more than 500 detainees, ICE data shows.
The budget measure passed in April that funded DHS outside of ICE and Customs and Border Patrol earmarked $20 million for immigration detention facility inspections by the agency’s Inspector General, responsible for watchdog functions across DHS. The measure that funds those two agencies, passed this month, does not include requirements for ODO inspections.
‘No question that more is better’
Even when ODO was inspecting facilities semiannually, a review by the Government Accountability Office found it lacked a way to determine whether its inspection program was effective at maintaining detainees’ health and safety. Some say it wasn’t.
“Often there are deficiencies noted at facilities without any repercussions,” said Decker, the UCLA physician and assistant professor. ODO refers to areas where facilities fall short of standards as deficiencies.
By law, ICE must terminate a facility’s contract after two consecutive failures, but facilities have accumulated multiple significant deficiencies without failing an inspection, CBS News’ analysis found.
Stewart Detention Center in Lumpkin, Georgia, for example, a dedicated contracted facility holding an average of about 2,000 people, received an “acceptable/adequate” rating at its most recent inspection in March 2025. Inspectors found 12 deficiencies, including two they labeled “priority components” pertaining to suicide prevention. Since then, two detainees have died by suicide, one last June and one in April, the county coroner told CBS News.
The DHS spokesperson pushed back on claims ICE does not hold facilities accountable, writing that “ICE works directly with the responsible field office and facility operator to correct identified deficiencies and bring the facility into compliance with ICE detention standards.”
Inspectors have broadly found fewer deficiencies per inspection each year since 2019, when they started inspecting facilities twice a year, CBS News’ analysis found. That trend continued in 2025, but so far this year, the number of deficiencies per inspection is trending upward for larger facilities.
Those included inspections that found more than 23 use-of-force violations at a facility in Natchez, Mississippi, and 22 at the El Paso detention center where inspectors outside DHS uncovered several health and safety issues. ODO’s inspection of the family detention center in Dilley, Texas, also identified 16 deficiencies in the facility’s education program for children.
Knowing an inspection is coming prompts facilities to “self-review,” and sometimes rectify their own issues, said Margo Schlanger, who served as head of civil rights and civil liberties at DHS during the Obama administration.
“You want that to happen on a pretty regular cadence,” she said. “Then the inspections themselves uncover things that are going wrong.”
“There’s just no question that more is better,” she added. “And so when you make it less often, things can really go astray in between.”
Dwindling oversight
The Department of Homeland Security also moved to cut other oversight mechanisms last year, including gutting the Office of the Immigration Detention Ombudsman and the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, which were responsible for investigating complaints of misconduct and abuse.
“People whose rights might previously have been protected are now vulnerable to serious medical neglect in detention, to abuse by guards in detention, to loss of their rights to fight fairly their immigration cases,” said Anthony Enriquez, who is litigating a case against the government for dissolving the offices. “Where we might have seen those issues resolved at least individually for some people if a complaint was filed, we’re no longer seeing that.”
ICE also relaxed detention standards that apply to some facilities in June to “reduce the burden on our detention operators,” including removing compensation requirements for detainee labor. Last year, ODO also allowed facilities operated by the U.S. Marshals (USMS) to operate under the USMS standards, a handbook one-third the length with fewer requirements in areas such as access to calls to legal counsel, accommodations for detainees with disabilities and how long detainees are allowed in disciplinary segregation.
“The guard rails are continuing to come off,” said Dora Schriro, an expert in detention standards who served as a special adviser to former President Barack Obama’s DHS secretary, Janet Napolitano. “I’m very concerned about what the ramifications are that we’re not only capitulating to sheriffs but to U.S. Marshal as well.”
ODO also allows USMS facilities to conduct “assisted self-inspections.”
On average, USMS facilities reported many fewer deficiencies after switching to self-inspections or the new set of standards, CBS News found. Among the 26 facilities that have been inspected both before and after ICE began making these changes, ODO found an average of 12 deficiencies before the changes and an average of two after the changes.
Critics have also pointed to a lack of independence for ODO, which is housed within ICE, as hampering its ability to conduct adequate oversight.
“There’s no reason to think that they’re actually going to take a hard look at what the conditions are on the ground and make the required changes that would come from such an honest review,” said Azadeh Erfani, director of policy at the National Immigrant Justice Center, a D.C.-based advocacy group that provides legal services to immigrants.
Some public officials have taken oversight into their own hands. A group of lawmakers sued ICE for access to conduct their own inspections, which sometimes surface more issues than ODO inspections do.
At the Adelanto ICE Processing Center, for example, California state inspectors found that medical and detention staffing levels were inadequate for the surge of detainees, and detainees reported they were unable to receive timely treatment, even in emergencies. At Adelanto’s most recent ODO inspection in September 2025, officials recorded no medical deficiencies.
Four detainees in Adelanto have died since President Trump took office, three after the facility’s most recent inspection. It’s unclear when it will be inspected next.
“If [ICE is] looking to consolidate inspections or conduct fewer inspections without knowing what’s working or how effective your current system is, it’s hard to make those changes,” said Heather MacLeod, director of Homeland Security and Justice Issues at the Government Accountability Office, which conducted the review of detention inspection practices in 2024. “While we haven’t had a chance to review the effect of changing the inspections that ODO is conducting we would hope that they would have data to support such a decision to make that change.”
About the data
To measure the frequency of inspections and types and number of deficiencies those inspections found, CBS News extracted and analyzed data from the Office of Detention Oversight inspection report posted to ICE’s webpage. As of July 8, the most recent posted inspection was completed on June 18, 2026. If an inspection occurred over multiple days, CBS News used the end date as the date of the inspection. To identify facilities holding 500 or more detainees each day, CBS News used ICE’s most recent Detention Management Statistics, current as of early April, which include facilities’ average daily population for the current fiscal year to date. The Florida Everglades facility known as “Alligator Alcatraz” was never inspected by ODO, but was excluded from the analysis due to its closure in June.