法律专家表示，具有里程碑意义的鲍威尔诉麦科马克案最高法院裁决可能无法保护这位明尼苏达州民主党众议员
作者：查尔斯·克雷茨 | 福克斯新闻
发布时间：2026年10月31日 美国东部时间凌晨6:00
伊勒·奥马尔的逮捕令列出潜在移民犯罪，包括欺诈：报道
民主党明尼苏达州众议员伊勒·奥马尔正面临审查，联邦调查人员正在核查她的移民文件是否存在欺诈及年龄不符的潜在问题。福克斯新闻撰稿人保罗·毛罗将做客《福克斯与朋友们》节目，分析在逮捕令列出潜在移民犯罪后的法律影响。
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唐纳德·特朗普总统在移民欺诈指控的背景下推动罢免众议员伊勒·奥马尔，可能会引发一场宪法之争，法律专家向福克斯数字新闻表示，一起涉及另一位资深民主党人的里程碑式最高法院案件可能无法阻碍共和党人的行动。
联邦调查人员正在核查这位明尼阿波利斯市民主党人是否通过已故父亲相关的涉嫌欺诈移民文件不当获得美国公民身份。奥马尔否认存在任何不当行为，且至今尚未确立任何她不具备美国公民身份的结论。
专家表示，奥马尔可能无法享有涉及众议院主席、纽约州民主党众议员亚当·克莱顿·鲍威尔的里程碑式案件所确立的保护，当时最高法院驳回了将鲍威尔排除出国会的努力。
鲍威尔曾被指控滥用众议院资金并从众议院薪水中不当支付其妻子报酬。尽管他获得连任，众议院仍于1967年投票决定将其排除，但最高法院后来裁定，国会不得拒绝接纳已满足宪法要求的正式当选议员。
【如果证实公民身份存在欺诈，伊勒·奥马尔应被监禁并驱逐出境，众议院共和党高层称】
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1969年拍摄的纽约州民主党众议员亚当·克莱顿·鲍威尔（ Bettmann/Getty Images）
共和党人的首个潜在路径将是质疑奥马尔是否符合宪法规定的公民身份要求。前助理司法部长约翰·余和宪法学者卡利·斯廷森告诉福克斯数字新闻，鲍威尔案的裁决并未阻止国会执行宪法要求。
“鲍威尔案的核心意思是，国会不得增加宪法规定的最低任职资格，”约翰·余表示。“[S]ince citizenship is set out in the text of the Constitution as a qualification, it clearly can be enforced by Congress. 如果奥马尔确实不是公民，鲍威尔案实际上会支持众议院罢免奥马尔议员的决定。”
斯廷森认为，公民身份本身并非法律灰色地带。
“鲍威尔诉麦科马克案的裁决并非涉及驱逐，而是针对任职资格。这是一个细微但重要的区别，”他说。
斯廷森设想，如果联邦当局在新一届国会召开前拿出挑战奥马尔公民身份的证据，而众议院共和党人试图阻止她就职，将在一月份出现一场对峙。他表示，此举可能会面临奥马尔的法律挑战，引发关于国会能否在她的公民身份问题解决前采取行动的疑问。
宪法规定，众议员必须至少25岁、成为美国公民满7年、当选时居住在代表的州。斯廷森认为，即使所谓的移民违规行为源自奥马尔的父亲努尔·奥马尔·穆罕默德，核心问题仍是她是否依法获得公民身份，无论她是否明知故犯参与了不当行为。
“这就像你要么怀孕要么没有，”他说。“你要么潮湿要么干燥——你要么是公民，要么不是公民。”
特朗普多次公开表示敦促奥马尔辞职或被驱逐，特别引用报道称她就职时使用了假名且“与兄弟结婚”。
“让她滚出这里，”他周一在密西西比州奥尔康县表示。
福克斯数字新闻已联系奥马尔请其置评。
【特朗普能否因所谓“与兄弟结婚”指控吊销伊勒·奥马尔的公民身份？前联邦检察官详解】
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民主党明尼苏达州众议员伊勒·奥马尔正在角逐明尼苏达州民主色彩浓厚的第五国会选区的另一个任期（Bill Clark/CQ-Roll Call/Getty Images）
第二条路径将是先接纳奥马尔就职，再因其不当行为启动驱逐程序，这需要众议院三分之二票数通过，这是一项单独的宪法权力。与因不符合宪法要求而被排除不同，驱逐是惩戒性行为，而这并非最高法院鲍威尔案的争议焦点。
至少一名众议院共和党人已威胁要采取该选项。
佛罗里达州共和党众议员兰迪·法因周五表示，如果证实奥马尔不是公民，“我绝对会立即要求驱逐她。”
奥马尔还面临针对其财务披露的单独调查，美国检察官吉恩·皮里诺此前已向福克斯新闻确认此事。这项调查是在对其现任丈夫蒂莫西·迈内特关联企业的审查后展开的，该企业申报估值最高达3000万美元，之后奥马尔以会计错误为由修改了申报文件。目前尚未发现任何财务违规行为。
斯廷森指出，2023年驱逐前纽约州共和党众议员乔治·桑托斯的事件，是众议院对议员就职前不当行为行使惩戒权的例子。
前众议院法律顾问迈克尔·斯特恩在对宪法驱逐条款的分析中写道，尽管桑托斯的所谓不当行为主要发生在其任期开始前，但众议院调查人员发现，他的虚假陈述在任职期间仍在继续。
斯特恩写道：“因此，在议员首次当选前实施的行为可能构成国会惩戒的失当行为，至少在该不当行为与选举相关，特别是涉及欺骗选民的情况下。”
斯廷森表示，奥马尔的案件很大程度上属于“未知领域”，但桑托斯案仍具有借鉴意义。
“我认为论点会是，嗯，她的虚假陈述在国会履职期间仍在继续，他们会效仿桑托斯案，采用同样的逻辑，”他说。
任何挑战奥马尔公民身份的联邦裁定都可能引发法律纠纷，涉及她是否符合任职的宪法要求，以及她将拥有何种救济途径来对该裁定提出质疑，斯廷森说。
“对她来说难点在于‘如何证明否定性事实’，”斯廷森表示，并补充说将责任归咎于她的父亲在法庭上站不住脚，因为人们不能从他人的犯罪行为中合法获益。
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民主党明尼苏达州众议员伊勒·奥马尔表示，2024年12月13日，她在美国出生的儿子在明尼苏达州被移民与海关执法局（ICE）特工拦下（Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images）
“这是个残酷的世界，但情况是非此即彼的。”
【点击此处下载福克斯新闻应用】
对奥马尔公民身份的挑战还可能引发另一场关于确立她是否符合宪法要求所需的证据和法律程序的纠纷。
福克斯数字新闻的佩德罗·罗德里格斯-阿帕里西奥为本文提供了报道。
在宾夕法尼亚州阿伦敦出生并长大，2013年起在福克斯新闻纽约和华盛顿分社工作。
Trump push to oust Omar faces historic Supreme Court test, but legal experts see ‘uncharted’ twist
Legal experts say the landmark Powell v. McCormack Supreme Court ruling may not protect the Minnesota Democrat
By Charles Creitz | Fox News
Published October 31, 2026 6:00am EDT
Ilhan Omar warrant lists potential immigration crimes, including fraud: Report
Rep. Ilhan Omar, D-Minn., faces scrutiny as federal investigators probe her immigration paperwork for potential fraud and age discrepancies. Fox News contributor Paul Mauro joins ‘Fox & Friends’ to analyze the legal implications after a warrant listed potential immigration crimes.
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President Donald Trump’ s push to oust Rep. Ilhan Omar amid allegations of immigration fraud could trigger a constitutional fight, with legal experts telling Fox News Digital that a landmark Supreme Court case involving another entrenched Democrat may not stand in Republicans’ way.
Federal investigators are examining whether the Minneapolis Democrat improperly obtained U.S. citizenship through allegedly fraudulent immigration paperwork involving her late father. Omar has denied wrongdoing, and no finding that she lacks U.S. citizenship has been established.
Experts said Omar may not have the protections established in the landmark case involving House chairman Adam Clayton Powell Jr., D-N.Y., in which the Supreme Court blocked an effort to exclude him from Congress.
Powell faced allegations of misusing congressional funds and improperly paying his wife from the congressional payroll. Despite his reelection, the House voted to exclude him in 1967, but the Supreme Court later ruled that Congress could not refuse to seat a duly elected member who satisfied the Constitution’s qualifications.
ILHAN OMAR SHOULD BE JAILED, DEPORTED IF CITIZENSHIP FRAUD PROVEN, TOP HOUSE REPUBLICAN SAYS
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Rep. Adam Clayton Powell Jr., D-N.Y., is seen in 1969.(Bettmann/Getty Images)
The first potential route for Republicans would be to challenge whether Omar meets the Constitution’s citizenship requirement. Former Deputy Assistant Attorney General John Yoo and constitutional scholar Cully Stimson told Fox News Digital that the Powell ruling does not prevent Congress from enforcing constitutional qualifications.
“Powell essentially means that Congress cannot add on to the minimum qualifications set out in the Constitution,” Yoo said. “[S]ince citizenship is set out in the text of the Constitution as a qualification, it clearly can be enforced by Congress. Powell in-fact would support a congressional decision to oust Congresswoman Omar if she was in fact not a citizen.”
Stimson argued that citizenship itself is not a legal gray area.
“The Powell v. McCormack decision did not involve expulsion. It actually was to judge qualifications. That’s a subtle but important difference,” he said.
Stimson envisioned a January showdown if federal authorities presented evidence challenging Omar’s citizenship before the new Congress convenes and House Republicans attempted to prevent her from being seated. Such a move would likely face a legal challenge from Omar, he said, raising questions about whether Congress could act before her citizenship status was resolved.
The Constitution requires House members to be at least 25 years old, have been U.S. citizens for seven years and inhabit the states they represent when elected. Stimson argued that even if alleged immigration irregularities originated with Omar’s father, Nur Omar Mohamed, the central question would be whether she legally acquired citizenship, regardless of whether she knowingly participated in wrongdoing.
“It’s like you’re either pregnant or you’re not,” he said. “You’re either wet or dry — You’re a citizen or you are not a citizen.”
In multiple public comments, Trump has urged Omar’s resignation or expulsion, specifically citing reports that she used a pseudonym when she was sworn into office and that she “married her brother.”
“Let’s get her the Hell out of there,” he said Monday in Alcorn County, Mississippi.
Fox News Digital reached out to Omar for comment.
COULD TRUMP REVOKE ILHAN OMAR’S CITIZENSHIP FOR ALLEGED BROTHER MARRIAGE? EX FEDERAL PROSECUTOR BREAKS IT DOWN
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Rep. Ilhan Omar, D-Minn., is seeking another term in Minnesota’s heavily Democratic 5th Congressional District.(Bill Clark/CQ-Roll Call/Getty Images)
A second route would involve seating Omar and then pursuing expulsion for misconduct, a separate constitutional power requiring a two-thirds House vote. Unlike exclusion for failing to meet constitutional qualifications, expulsion is a disciplinary action that was not at issue in the Supreme Court’s Powell ruling.
At least one House Republican has already threatened to pursue that option.
Rep. Randy Fine, R-Fla., said Friday that if Omar is found to not be a citizen, “I absolutely will demand expulsion immediately.”
Omar faces a separate investigation into her financial disclosures, which U.S. Attorney Jeanine Pirro previously confirmed to Fox News. The inquiry follows scrutiny of businesses tied to her current husband, Timothy Mynett, whose reported valuations reached as high as $30 million before Omar amended the filings, citing accounting errors. No financial wrongdoing has yet been established.
Stimson pointed to the 2023 expulsion of former Rep. George Santos, R-N.Y., as an example of the House exercising its disciplinary authority over misconduct that began before a member took office.
Former House counsel Michael Stern wrote in an examination of the Constitution’s expulsion clause that while Santos’ alleged misconduct largely preceded his term, House investigators found that his misrepresentations continued while he was in office.
“Thus, acts committed before a member’s first election may constitute disorderly behavior subject to congressional discipline, at least if the misconduct relates to the election and particularly if it involves deceiving the electorate,” Stern wrote.
Stimson said Omar’s case is largely “uncharted waters,” but the Santos case could still be instructive.
“I think the argument would be, well, her misrepresentations continued during the time in Congress, they would pull a Santos and use the same logic that they used,” he said.
Any federal determination challenging Omar’s citizenship could trigger a legal battle over whether she meets the constitutional requirements for office and what recourse she would have to contest such a finding, Stimson said.
“The hard part for her is ‘how do you prove a negative’,” Stimson said, adding that placing blame on her father wouldn’t stand up in court because people cannot legally benefit from others’ criminal acts.
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Rep. Ilhan Omar, D-Minn., said that her U.S.-born son was pulled over by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents in Minnesota on Dec. 13.(Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images)
“It’s a harsh world, but it’s a binary situation.”
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A challenge to Omar’s citizenship could also produce a separate fight over the evidence and legal procedures required to establish whether she meets the Constitution’s qualifications.
Fox News Digital’s Pedro Rodriguez-Aparicio contributed to this report.
Born and raised in Allentown, Pennsylvania, worked in both the New York and Washington bureaus for Fox News since 2013.