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美国众议院通过法案 将夏令时日光节约永久化

2026年7月15日 17:39 / 联合早报

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美国国会众议院星期二（7月14日）以显著多数票通过《阳光保护法案》，将夏季日光节约的时间固定，若法案在参院通过，美国民众将无须一年两次调整时钟。图为被夕阳映照的国会山庄。 （路透社）

美国国会众议院通过法案，将夏令时或日光节约（Daylight saving）的时间永久固定。法案若获得参议院通过，美国民众从此无须因为冬天太阳升得晚而在每年11月的首个星期天将时间往回调一小时，隔年3月的第二个星期天再往后调一小时。

只不过，参议院会否通过法案仍高度不确定。

众议院星期二（7月14日）以308票赞成、117票反对，通过这项被称为《阳光保护法案》（Sunshine Protection Act）的法案。除非个别州属在法案生效前选择豁免，否则美国全国将全年采用目前仅在3月至11月期间采用的时间。

星期二在众议院主持现场投票的田纳西州共和党众议员德斯贾拉斯（Scott DesJarlais）在宣读最终计票结果时，用手机播放披头士的歌曲《太阳出来了》（Here Comes the Sun）。

此前，美国总统特朗普已公开敦促国会通过这项法案。他5月21日在自家社媒贴文称：“人们是时候不再为‘时钟’而烦恼了，更不用说为了这场每年两次、荒谬至极的折腾所耗费的精力和资金了。这对于共和党来说也将是一个非常漂亮的胜利。拿下它！”

《阳光保护法案》目前已提交至参议院审议。

去年10月，由于阿肯色州的共和党参议员科顿（Tom Cotton）反对通过“一致同意”程序快速通过法案后，参议院版本的《阳光保护法案》陷入停滞。

科顿当时说，转为永久夏令时可能会带来一些被忽视的负面后果。他说，在全国一些地区，太阳要到上午9点或更晚才会升起，这可能导致清晨通勤环境黑暗且危险，而且一些人也不得不在没有阳光的清晨开始工作。

一名国会高级助理星期二透露，科顿对这项提案仍持有与以往“相同的担忧”，且两党多名参议员已在委员会中对参议院版本的《阳光保护法案》表示反对。

这名助理透露，科顿将要求参议院多数党领袖图恩（John Thune）不要将该法案提请表决。

田纳西州的共和党众议员伯切特（Tim Burchett）说，他的选民非常渴望将夏令时永久化，但他对参议院能否通过法案持怀疑态度。

美官员证实 少量英伟达H200人工智能晶片已交付中国客户

2026年7月15日 19:10 / 联合早报

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获得美国批准后，少量英伟达H200人工智能晶片已向中国客户发货。 （路透社档案照）

（华盛顿综合讯）负责监管出口管制项目的美国官员证实，英伟达公司在获得美国政府批准后，少量H200人工智能（AI）晶片已交付给中国客户。

据彭博社报道，负责工业和安全事务的美国商务部副部长杰弗里·凯斯勒，在当地时间星期二（7月14日）说，运往中国的英伟达处理器“非常少量”，但他拒绝透露具体数量或买家信息。

凯斯勒在众议院外交事务委员会听证会上说：“对美国民众而言，最重要的是，根据许可证，H200及其同类产品的出货量非常少，所以微不足道。”

他说，每个H200晶片许可证申请者都必须满足严格的国家安全要求，包括确保晶片的实际性能达到预期水平，而不是超出预期。

美国总统特朗普去年12月批准英伟达向中国出口H200晶片，标志着华盛顿大幅放宽了旨在遏制中国人工智能发展而实施的出口限制。

美国商务部1月发布规定，将特朗普的上述决定制度化，对相关出口征收25%的美国关税，同时申请出口许可证的企业必须确认，这些晶片不会用于中国军事用途或最终流向中国军方。

尽管美国已批准向中国出口H200晶片，但北京也收紧了对企业进口晶片的审批，部分原因是担心会阻碍中国发展自主晶片产业的长期目标。

在上述听证会上，美国共和党委员会主席马斯特敦促商务部采取进一步措施，阻止中国获得英伟达性能更强大的Blackwell系列晶片，呼吁将更多中国实体列入黑名单。

马斯特向凯斯勒施压，询问包括长鑫存储、长江存储、腾讯控股和阿里巴巴在内的中国科技巨头，是否应受到美国商务部的进一步限制。

凯斯勒没有明确回应是否正考虑采取更正式行动，但他表示同意五角大楼的观点，认为商务部在允许向这些公司出口时，必须“非常谨慎”。

美国科技媒体《信息报》（The Information）上星期三（7月8日）报道称，阿里巴巴、字节跳动和AI明星企业DeepSeek被中国官员告知，或很快获得进口部分H200晶片的许可，前提是需要说明晶片的数量及用途。

美伊冲突影响外溢 也门沙特恐重燃战火

2026年7月15日 17:45 / 联合早报

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电视新闻画面显示，也门首都萨那国际机场周一遭受袭击后冒出浓烟。胡塞武装称，此次袭击是支持也门政府的沙特阿拉伯所为。 （法新社）

（利雅得/迪拜综合电）分析员与波斯湾地区消息人士指出，在也门胡塞武装声称对沙特阿拉伯发动自2022年以来的首次大规模袭击后，双方似乎处于战火重燃的边缘。这表明，美国与伊朗之间的战争已经蔓延开来，并可能进一步破坏中东地区稳定。

胡塞武装星期一（7月13日）打击沙特南部城市艾卜哈（Abha）的国际机场，以报复也门政府当天早些时候对也门首都萨那国际机场的袭击。

萨那由胡塞武装控制。也门政府称，袭击萨那机场是为了阻止伊朗飞机降落。胡塞武装则称，此次袭击是支持也门政府的沙特所为。

分析人士认为，此次交火可能标志着也门冲突各方的敌对状态进入新阶段，维持四年的脆弱停火恐宣告结束。

一名波斯湾地区消息人士告诉法新社，沙特民用基础设施是利雅得的红线，在艾卜哈机场遇袭后，沙特准备做出反击。

胡塞武装政治局成员法拉赫星期一说，美国正把沙特推向同胡塞武装的战争，而这绝对不符合美国利益。

他警告：“如果当前局势恶化，曼德海峡和霍尔木兹海将一同关闭。届时，油价将飙涨至每桶200美元，造成可怕冲击。”

据美国新闻网站Axios报道，沙特王储默罕默德在袭击胡塞武装前同美国总统特朗普通电话，征求并获得他的支持。报道指出，若沙特与胡塞武装重燃战火，这将加剧地区紧张局势，使美伊战争影响进一步外溢。

另一方面，伊朗为控制霍尔木兹海峡而加大对邻国阿曼的袭击力度，使一向奉行中立政策的阿曼发出更强硬的抗议声音。

阿曼是德黑兰与敌人之间的调解人，并与伊朗分别居于霍尔木兹海峡两侧，两国正就海峡未来管理机制磋商。

但阿曼早前说，船只可经由它的水域穿越霍尔木兹海峡，激怒了德黑兰。伊朗过后袭击使用阿曼航线的船只，引发美国的反击，伊朗则对包括阿曼在内的波斯湾国家实施报复袭击。

阿拉伯波斯湾国家研究所非常驻研究员雅各布斯说，伊朗正试图控制包括阿曼领海在内的整个霍尔木兹海峡，这是阿曼无法接受的。

她告诉法新社：“伊朗战争使阿曼陷入两难境地。伊朗新领导层必须明白，他们正在疏远波斯湾地区最后一个相对友好的伙伴。”

值得注意的是，尽管伊朗将导弹和无人机对准波斯湾国家，却未曾向以色列发射过一发炮弹，这显然是因为伊朗深知，此举只会给以色列提供借口，将伊朗卷入一场规模更大的冲突之中。美伊目前仍有理由避免双方的对抗升级为全面战争。

26 Meta workers sue over alleged AI-aided layoffs targeting employees on medical or family leave

July 15, 2026 / 6:17 AM EDT / CBS/AP

A group of 26 Meta employees has sued the company, claiming it used artificial intelligence systems to select people for layoffs, disproportionately targeting those on medical, parental or family leave.

They are among the 8,000 employees, or about 10% of its workforce that Meta said it would lay off starting in May. In an internal memo to employees in April, the company said the cuts would be aimed at making the company more efficient and offsetting its other investments.

The lawsuit filed late Monday in federal court in Oakland, California, claims the company used internal AI systems, keystroke and activity-monitoring data, AI token-usage dashboards and algorithmically assisted performance rankings, among other methods, to determine who would be laid off.

Many of these scores and ratings “by design, cannot be accumulated by an employee who is on protected medical or family leave, or whose output is reduced by a disability,” the lawsuit says. Meta, according to the lawsuit, did not account for protected leave when taking employees’ scores into account and “did not pause the system for the individualized, leave- and accommodation-neutral review that the law requires.”

As a result, people on protected medical or family leave were disproportionately selected for layoffs, the lawsuit says. Each of the 26 anonymous employees in the lawsuit took protected leave and requested or received a reasonable accommodation for disability. Though they have been notified of their layoffs, all 26 remain employed by Meta, with separations set to begin July 22.

Many of the employees in the lawsuit took pregnancy or parental leave, during which time they wouldn’t have worked and thus had their measured output reduced. Others took medical leave — one disclosed a “serious health condition and disability” that was approved by Meta’s own provider. But according to the lawsuit, he was “discouraged and deterred from taking that leave by a manager” who warned that doing so would result in his selection for the anticipated layoffs. Meta offered no accommodation for his disability, the lawsuit says.

Meta said in a statement that the claims “lack merit and are not based on facts. Workforce management and organizational decisions were and are made by people, not AI.”

Details on the workers Meta intends to lay off

About half the plaintiffs had taken leave for caregiving or pregnancy-related reasons. Eight are women who had taken maternity or pregnancy-related leave, four are men who had taken parental leave and one is a woman who had taken leave to care for a family member and later bereavement leave.

The lawsuit says the layoffs violated several state and federal laws, including the Family and Medical Leave Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Pregnancy Discrimination Act and the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act.

The complaint also references “disparate impact liability,” a longstanding civil rights concept that President Trump’s administration moved to abandon. Disparate impact, codified in Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, holds that facially neutral policies or practices can be discriminatory if they disproportionately burden a protected class of workers and aren’t necessary for the job.

The Trump administration has ordered federal agencies to deprioritize disparate impact liability enforcement, arguing that its use undermines “meritocracy” and encourages the assumption that any racial or gender imbalance in a workforce is the result of discrimination. The order has led the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to drop discrimination cases on behalf of some workers.

However, the lawsuit against Meta underscores that companies remain vulnerable to disparate impact litigation in the age of AI despite the Trump administration’s efforts to stamp out its enforcement. Workers are still free to pursue such lawsuits on their own if the EEOC rejects their complaints, and several state laws specifically prohibit disparate impact discrimination.

In the case against Meta, lawyers for the plaintiffs argued that the company’s “algorithmically assisted selection process, by systematically recording such absences as reduced performance, falls more heavily on women than on men.” That’s because women disproportionately take pregnancy and caregiving leave, according to the lawyers. The lawsuit cites Title VII’s prohibition on employment practices that have a disparate impact, as well as a landmark 1971 Supreme Court ruling that recognized the doctrine.

The plaintiffs’ lawyers said in a statement that the lawsuit asks for one thing — preserving the status quo to keep the workers employed pending arbitration. That’s because “once these separations are final, the harms are irreversible: employer-subsidized health coverage lost during pregnancy, postpartum recovery, and active medical treatment; time-bound leave rights extinguished; unvested equity forfeited; and immigration consequences triggered.”

Trump nominee for US CDC director appears before Senate panel

2026-07-15 10:07 AM UTC / Reuters

By Ahmed Aboulenein

July 15, 2026 10:07 AM UTC Updated 1 hour ago

The logo of Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is seen in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. August 9, 2025. REUTERS/Megan Varner Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab

WASHINGTON, July 15 (Reuters) – Erica Schwartz, President Donald Trump’s nominee to lead the U.S. CDC, will appear before the Senate health committee on Wednesday for a confirmation hearing that will test ​whether the embattled agency can secure stable leadership after months of turmoil.

Trump nominated ‌Schwartz, his first-term deputy surgeon general, in April, after multiple leadership shakeups at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC has lacked a confirmed leader for all but a month of Trump’s second term.

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The hearing ​before the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions is the first step toward ​confirming a permanent director since Susan Monarez’s confirmation last year.

Monarez was fired ⁠less than a month later after clashing with Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. over vaccine ​policy.

Before Monarez, Trump had in March 2025 withdrawn his first CDC nominee, Florida Republican former Congressman ​Dave Weldon, a physician long critical of vaccines, hours before his scheduled hearing after it became clear he lacked the votes.

Schwartz, a board-certified preventive medicine physician with no public record of opposing vaccines, is a more conventional pick.

If ​confirmed, she will inherit an agency confronting the country’s worst measles resurgence in over three ​decades, an international Ebola outbreak, and eroding public confidence in vaccines.

U.S. measles cases this year are on track to ‌surpass ⁠2025’s total, the highest since the disease was declared eliminated in 2000, driven largely by falling childhood immunization rates.

The CDC has also activated its highest emergency response to an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, now one of the largest on record.

Senator Bill Cassidy, a ​Louisiana Republican and physician ​skeptical of Kennedy’s vaccine ⁠overhaul, will lead the hearing. He called Schwartz “very impressive” after a meeting last month.

The committee will also hold a hearing for Sean Kaufman, Trump’s ​nominee for assistant secretary for preparedness and response. His nomination has drawn ​scrutiny over ⁠past comments questioning vaccines, a contrast with Schwartz.

Kaufman has questioned the hepatitis B vaccine in infants and cited the disproven link between vaccines and autism in past comments.

In a now-deleted May 2025 LinkedIn post ⁠arguing ​against the infant hepatitis B shot, he wrote that anyone ​calling him “an antivaxxer” would force him “to call you a pedophile.”

The co-founder of a biosafety consulting firm, Kaufman would, if confirmed, ​oversee national crisis countermeasures, including vaccines and personal protective equipment.

Reporting by Ahmed Aboulenein; Editing by Alistair Bell

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Trump derailed his intel chief pick’s confirmation. Now he gets another shot.

2026-07-15T06:30:24-04:00 / Fox News

Trump DNI pick Jay Clayton gets a second Senate hearing after Trump derailed the first

By Alex Miller Fox News

Published July 15, 2026 6:30am EDT

Senate postpones Jay Clayton confirmation after Trump upends plans

Senate postpones Jay Clayton’s DNI confirmation hearing following President Donald Trump’s declaration that he won’t approve FISA without the SAVE America Act.

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President Donald Trump’s pick to lead the nation’s intelligence agencies will get a second shot in the Senate on Wednesday, weeks after the president sabotaged the initial confirmation hearing.

U.S. Attorney Jay Clayton, who currently serves in the Southern District of New York, was tapped by Trump to be the permanent nominee as the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) after former DNI Tulsi Gabbard stepped down from the role last month.

He’ll get his shot before the Senate Intelligence Committee on Wednesday at 9:30 a.m.

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TRUMP’S DNI PICK WILL HAVE TO WAIT FOR HIS CONFIRMATION HEARING AFTER TRUTH SOCIAL BOMB

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President Donald Trump speaks during a meeting with Prime Minister of Iraq Ali al-Zaidi in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, D.C., on July 14, 2026.(Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty Images)

“Jay Clayton is a patriot and highly qualified nominee,” Senate Intelligence Committee Chair Tom Cotton, R-Ark., said on X.

“In his service to the people of New York, Mr. Clayton has deep experience combatting a wide range of national security threats,” he continued. “I look forward to his hearing before the Senate Intelligence Committee tomorrow.”

But Clayton, who previously served as chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) during Trump’s first term, was caught in a political firestorm roiling through the Senate last month that he had no part of.

SENATE PUSH TO REAUTHORIZE NATION’S SPY POWERS STUMBLES OVER CONTROVERSIAL TRUMP DECISION

https://www.foxnews.com/video/6398724599112

And if he survives the process — several Democrats still serving in the Senate voted to confirm him as SEC chair — lawmakers are hopeful that it will again set up a path to turn a key counter-terrorism tool back on.

Democrats were enraged at Trump for tapping Federal Housing Finance Agency Director Bill Pulte to be the acting DNI, arguing that he was unqualified and could weaponize the nation’s 18 intelligence agencies at Trump’s bidding.

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“Why is Mr. Pulte being promoted? Beyond the fact that just the kind of outright insult to the intelligence community, that he can suddenly do the mortgage banking job and the intelligence job at the same time, it’s absurd,” Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va., said at the time.

TRUMP NAMES BILL PULTE ACTING DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE

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Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Bill Pulte walks outside the White House, Sept. 2, 2025, in Washington.(Mark Schiefelbein/AP Photo)

In return, they refused to support reauthorization of the nation’s top counter-terrorism tool, Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), causing the program to gradually go dark.

Clayton’s nomination was seen by Democrats as an olive branch from the administration designed to ensure that Pulte would never get into the DNI role, and that consideration of a FISA reauthorization could restart.

But then Trump blew up the process, demanding that the hearing be halted in a fiery Truth Social post.

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He argued that Democrats “broke the deal” with FISA, and that until Clayton’s replacement in the Southern District, James McDonald, was confirmed, the nomination would not go forward. And to “add a slight bit of intrigue,” Trump demanded that Republicans tie the SAVE America Act to FISA, effectively killing the legislation for Democrats.

“Not complicated, actually, the Republicans fell into a trap,” Trump said at the time.

Alex Miller is a writer for Fox News Digital covering the U.S. Senate.

美伊冲突影响外溢 也门沙特恐重燃战火

2026年7月15日 17:45 / 联合早报

https://news-multimedia-1393112320.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/df7d96d3bcc006dbbcd69cfb07d99ccc39c4af93408c59ffb6d26b64e0d8a5da

电视新闻画面显示，也门首都萨那国际机场周一遭受袭击后冒出浓烟。胡塞武装称，此次袭击是支持也门政府的沙特阿拉伯所为。 （法新社）

（利雅得/迪拜综合电）分析员与波斯湾地区消息人士指出，在也门胡塞武装声称对沙特阿拉伯发动自2022年以来的首次大规模袭击后，双方似乎处于战火重燃的边缘。这表明，美国与伊朗之间的战争已经蔓延开来，并可能进一步破坏中东地区稳定。

胡塞武装星期一（7月13日）打击沙特南部城市艾卜哈（Abha）的国际机场，以报复也门政府当天早些时候对也门首都萨那国际机场的袭击。

萨那由胡塞武装控制。也门政府称，袭击萨那机场是为了阻止伊朗飞机降落。胡塞武装则称，此次袭击是支持也门政府的沙特所为。

分析人士认为，此次交火可能标志着也门冲突各方的敌对状态进入新阶段，维持四年的脆弱停火恐宣告结束。

一名波斯湾地区消息人士告诉法新社，沙特民用基础设施是利雅得的红线，在艾卜哈机场遇袭后，沙特准备做出反击。

胡塞武装政治局成员法拉赫星期一说，美国正把沙特推向同胡塞武装的战争，而这绝对不符合美国利益。

他警告：“如果当前局势恶化，曼德海峡和霍尔木兹海将一同关闭。届时，油价将飙涨至每桶200美元，造成可怕冲击。”

据美国新闻网站Axios报道，沙特王储默罕默德在袭击胡塞武装前同美国总统特朗普通电话，征求并获得他的支持。报道指出，若沙特与胡塞武装重燃战火，这将加剧地区紧张局势，使美伊战争影响进一步外溢。

另一方面，伊朗为控制霍尔木兹海峡而加大对邻国阿曼的袭击力度，使一向奉行中立政策的阿曼发出更强硬的抗议声音。

阿曼是德黑兰与敌人之间的调解人，并与伊朗分别居于霍尔木兹海峡两侧，两国正就海峡未来管理机制磋商。

但阿曼早前说，船只可经由它的水域穿越霍尔木兹海峡，激怒了德黑兰。伊朗过后袭击使用阿曼航线的船只，引发美国的反击，伊朗则对包括阿曼在内的波斯湾国家实施报复袭击。

阿拉伯波斯湾国家研究所非常驻研究员雅各布斯说，伊朗正试图控制包括阿曼领海在内的整个霍尔木兹海峡，这是阿曼无法接受的。

她告诉法新社：“伊朗战争使阿曼陷入两难境地。伊朗新领导层必须明白，他们正在疏远波斯湾地区最后一个相对友好的伙伴。”

值得注意的是，尽管伊朗将导弹和无人机对准波斯湾国家，却未曾向以色列发射过一发炮弹，这显然是因为伊朗深知，此举只会给以色列提供借口，将伊朗卷入一场规模更大的冲突之中。美伊目前仍有理由避免双方的对抗升级为全面战争。

Trump to press defense executives to boost weapons production

2026-07-15T10:05:21.541Z / Reuters

U.S. President Donald Trump speaks as he makes an announcement regarding the Golden Dome missile defense shield in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., May 20, 2025. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab

• Summary
• Companies

• Trump to highlight defense manufacturing at Army War College summit
• Pentagon seeks more missiles, munitions and production capacity
• Contractors face pressure to expand factories and speed deliveries

CARLISLE, Pennsylvania, July 15 (Reuters) – President Donald Trump is expected to urge top defense executives on ​Wednesday to accelerate weapons production and expand manufacturing capacity as wars in Ukraine and the Middle East ‌strain U.S. stockpiles and expose bottlenecks in the nation’s industrial base.

Trump is scheduled to participate in a roundtable discussion capping a two-day Defense and Innovation Summit hosted by Republican Senator Dave McCormick at the U.S. Army War College in Pennsylvania. The event gathers senior military leaders, defense ​contractors, investors and technology executives to discuss strengthening the U.S. industrial base and speeding the delivery of advanced ​weapons systems.

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Trump’s appearance underscores a broader focus by the administration on defense production as prolonged conflicts ⁠have consumed large quantities of missiles, interceptors and other weapons, while highlighting the limits of the U.S. military supply chain ​and production capacity. Trump is expected to make several Pennsylvania-based defense investment announcements.

Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman General Dan Caine urged ​defense companies on Tuesday to accelerate production and innovation, saying the military needs industry partners to help deliver capabilities faster as warfare evolves.

“What I need you to know, and I know this is simple for me to say, but hard to do, is to go faster. Please ​go faster. Think bolder,” Caine said.

BROADER INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY

For Trump, expanding defense manufacturing has become part of a wider economic strategy ​to revive U.S. industrial capacity, with the Pentagon increasingly viewed as a catalyst for factory investment, advanced manufacturing and domestic supply chains.

In late ‌June, ⁠Trump met with munitions makers at the White House to urge the industry to move faster.

The United States has supplied large quantities of weapons to allies while also using munitions in its own military operations, raising concerns about inventories of key air-defense and precision-guided weapons and increasing pressure on contractors to boost output. Soaring demand for rocket motors used to power missiles and ​other weapons has spurred new ​thinking about supply chains.

Seeking big ⁠returns, Silicon Valley-style startups are now taking on defense companies that have long dominated the industry, pulled into the competition by a need for production speed, high volume and lower costs. ​Legacy solid rocket motor makers Northrop Grumman

(NOC.N), opens new tab
and L3Harris

(LHX.N), opens new tab
say they have been pushing ​their own research ⁠and development to pull in new technologies like 3D printing and new mixing technologies.

Michael Duffey, who oversees buying for the Pentagon, told the summit audience that the department is using long-term procurement contracts to give defense companies the confidence to invest billions of dollars ⁠in ​expanding factories, citing roughly $20 billion in private investment tied to plans to boost ​production of Patriot missiles and other high-demand weapons.

“The global environment now demands that we produce at this scale, at this speed, at this volume,” he ​said.

Reporting by Jarrett Renshaw in Carlisle, Pennsylvania; Additional reporting by Mike Stone in Washington; Editing by Colleen Jenkins and Matthew Lewis

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美欧摆脱中国依赖成本高 中方：安全感来自合作而非孤立

2026年7月15日 16:29 / 联合早报

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7月14日，中国上海港的集装箱码头。官方当天公布的数据显示，中国6月出口同比增长超过25%。 （法新社）

一项研究显示，若美欧想摆脱对中国供应链依赖，须额外投入数万亿美元。中国外交部对此回应称，真正的安全感来自合作而非孤立，人为地搞“脱钩断链”只会让各方付出更大的代价，得到更少的收益。

英国《金融时报》星期一（7月13日）援引安永—博智隆的研究报道，美国和欧洲若要在制造业、科技等关键产业摆脱对中国的依赖，需要在未来25年额外投资23.6万亿美元（30.4万亿新元），用于重建制造业体系、恢复科研能力和搭建供应链网络等。

对此，中国外交部发言人林剑星期三（15日）在例行发布会上说，上述观点恰恰说明了当前全球的产供链深度互嵌、优势互补，早已形成了一荣俱荣、一损俱损的利益共同体。

林剑指出，人为地搞“脱钩断链”，构筑保护主义的壁垒，强行重构产供链，不仅将付出高额的经济成本，也违背市场规律和企业的选择，最终只会让各方付出更大的代价，得到更少的收益。

林剑称，维护全球产供链安全、稳定、畅通是各国的共同责任。中国将继续坚定不移扩大高水平开放，充分发挥超大规模市场完整产业体系等优势，持续稳定向世界提供优质产品和合作机遇。

他说：“我们也愿同各国携手，摒弃阵营对抗的逻辑，推动全球产供链真正成为共赢链，为全球的共同发展注入稳定的动能。”

美国支持重启伊拉克－叙利亚输油管道 绕过霍尔木兹海峡

2026年7月15日 17:57 / 联合早报

https://news-multimedia-1393112320.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/d0eb7e8675f79c68966e074199ec586529efd520d6944c953d558f1c1c8a10da

美国总统特朗普（右三）星期二（7月14日）在白宫会见到访的伊拉克总理扎伊迪（左三）一行。在场的美国官员包括国务卿鲁比奥（右二）和财长贝森特（右一）。 （路透社）

（华盛顿综合电）为了削弱伊朗封锁霍尔木兹海峡对全球能源供应的影响，美国正在推动伊拉克和叙利亚重启两国间的一条输油管道，以便将伊拉克原油输送到叙利亚西海岸，从而绕过霍尔木兹海峡。

美国国务院一名官员星期二（7月14日）证实了这项消息，并预计美国企业将在推进“基尔库克－巴尼亚斯”（Kirkuk-Baniyas）输油管道的重建工作中发挥作用。

美国总统特朗普当天在白宫会见到访的伊拉克总理扎伊迪时说，两国本周或下周将宣布大规模的石油合作项目，还说美国石油公司“正以前所未有的规模”进入伊拉克。

特朗普说，伊拉克拥有丰富的石油储量，潜力巨大，美国与伊拉克的伙伴关系将从军事合作转向投资和能源开发。他说，美伊将达成许多合作协议，“大量石油将被开采，而且主要由美国公司来负责”。

基尔库克－巴尼亚斯管道长约800公里，在2003年美国主导的伊拉克战争期间受损，过后大部分时间处于停运状态。一旦恢复运作，这条管道将从基尔库克附近的伊拉克油田，直通地中海沿岸的叙利亚港口巴尼亚斯。巴尼亚斯也拥有叙利亚最大的炼油厂。

彭博社星期二早些时候引述知情人士说，美国的叙利亚和伊拉克问题特使巴拉克（Thomas Barrack）已召集两国官员以及雪佛龙（Chevron）等公司，就重建输油管道问题进行讨论。

针对路透社的置评请求，雪佛龙回应称：“按照公司政策，我们不对第三方言论或商业性质的事宜发表评论。”

除了基尔库克－巴尼亚斯管道，彭博社引述的消息人士说，另一个替代方案是从伊拉克南部的巴士拉，铺设一条管道至北部的哈迪塞（Haditha），随后可分支通往叙利亚、土耳其或约旦。

中东各国拟仿效沙特阿联酋输油管道成功经验

中东紧张局势过去一周再度升级，凸显了寻找能够绕过霍尔木兹海峡出口中东原油的长期替代方案的必要性。伊拉克，科威特等中东各国都在研究，能否效仿阿联酋和沙特阿拉伯的成功经验，利用多年前修建的管道输送部分石油。

沙特的东西输油管道全长1200多公里，衔接沙特东部波斯湾产油区及其红海沿岸的延布港。据了解，东西管道正以每天700万桶的满负荷容量输送原油，其中200万桶运往沙特国内炼油厂，其余则用于出口；目前通过延布港出口的原油已达每天500万桶。

消息人士说，沙特正在考虑将东西输油管道的输送能力扩大至多每天200万桶，并已与部分邻国就接入这个管道系统举行初步磋商。

阿联酋的“阿布扎比原油管道”则衔接该国石油主产区哈卜善油田和富查伊拉港。这条管道总长420公里，据报通过富查伊拉港的原油出口量已经增加，3月日均出口量为162万桶，高于2月的117万桶。