2026年7月28日 美国东部时间早上6:00 / 福克斯新闻
这名环保主义者在埃文监狱度过了近六年时光，并表示被扣押的美国人如今对德黑兰而言“只是一件商品”
前伊朗人质警告：德黑兰将被扣押者视为“商品”
穆拉德·塔赫巴兹在埃文监狱度过了近六年，他表示西方各国政府未能阻止伊朗劫持人质的行为，并警告新一轮冲突可能会让仍被扣押的美国人处境恶化。
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近六年来，美国环保主义者穆拉德·塔赫巴兹在伊朗监狱系统中度过了他口中的地狱般生活。其中最糟糕的四个月，他完全被单独关押在一间狭小牢房里，头顶一盏从未熄灭的强光。
塔赫巴兹被关押在伊朗埃文监狱的2A监区，他将这里描述为由伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队情报部门控制的高度安全拘留设施。
他每天只能外出两次，每次约10分钟，每次离开牢房都必须佩戴眼罩，塔赫巴兹告诉福克斯新闻数字频道。他每周与妻子的通话仅有短短几分钟，且受到严密监听，只要他用英语说话，就会有官员打断他。
“这可能是任何囚犯都会经历的最严酷、最艰难的监禁，”于2023年9月最终获释的塔赫巴兹在谈及伊朗埃文监狱内的伊斯兰革命卫队情报拘留设施时对福克斯新闻数字频道表示。
艾哈迈德·瓦希迪是谁？ 伊朗新任革命卫队司令与全球袭击及“去死美国”意识形态有关
穆拉德·塔赫巴兹是一名伊朗裔美国环保主义者，当时在伊朗生活和工作。他在2023年9月与其他四名美国人一同获释前，在伊朗埃文监狱被关押了近六年。
2018年1月，塔赫巴兹与多名同事一同被当局逮捕时，正在伊朗以环保主义者的身份生活和工作。他联合创立了波斯野生动物遗产基金会，该基金会致力于保护亚洲猎豹、波斯豹等濒危物种。
塔赫巴兹表示，针对他的一项指控是，他曾训练蜥蜴为以色列刺探伊朗军事设施的情报。
“这种荒唐的指控你都编不出来，”塔赫巴兹在接受福克斯新闻数字频道的Zoom采访时说道，“这只是让你了解这个政权编造的是怎样的谎言。他们什么都能编得出来。”
2018年1月开始的审讯，最终演变为这名伊朗裔美国环保主义者近六年的监禁生涯。
如今重获自由、回到美国家中的塔赫巴兹担心，美国与伊朗之间的战争可能会让仍被伊朗扣押的美国人变得更加脆弱，同时也更有价值，成为谈判筹码。
“我确实认为，针对伊朗的打击会对人质的处境和境遇产生影响，”他说。
特朗普称伊朗将付出代价——结束战争所需条件仍不明朗
塔赫巴兹表示，他在埃文监狱的伊斯兰革命卫队情报设施中度过了最初两年。
定罪后，塔赫巴兹被转入普通犯人监区。他说，他的狱友从疑似伊斯兰国成员到前伊朗政府部长不等。
监禁的孤立状态和恶劣的身体条件之外，还有持续不断的不确定性。
“作为人质的不确定性并非你所想的那样，到了刑期结束他们就一定会放你走，”塔赫巴兹说，“他们只会再编造一项罪名，只要你对他们还有利用价值，就会一直把你关下去。”
2023年9月18日，塔赫巴兹与其他四名美国人通过华盛顿与伊朗在卡塔尔斡旋下达成的协议获释。此次交换还涉及释放五名被美国关押的伊朗人，以及将60亿美元此前被冻结的伊朗资金转入用于人道主义交易的受限账户。
此次谈判让塔赫巴兹回到了家，但他认为西方各国政府未能制定足够严厉的惩处措施，以阻止伊朗扣押更多外国公民和双重国籍公民。
“从本质上来说，这种劫持人质的行径从革命一开始就存在了，”他说。
被伊朗扣押的美国人的律师表示，人质协议是双方“摆在桌面上最容易解决的问题”
“在我看来，只要没有威慑措施，这种情况就会持续下去，”塔赫巴兹补充道，“事实上，没有任何一个西方政府为制止这种行径采取过任何有意义的行动。”
这一问题在7月随着丹娜·卡拉里的获释重新成为焦点。这位53岁的伊朗裔美国人来自加利福尼亚州。
卡拉里自2024年12月起就无法离开伊朗，当局没收了她的护照。她的律师表示，她面临间谍罪和与敌对国家勾结的指控。唐纳德·特朗普总统在7月宣布，她已获准离开伊朗，并将这一决定称为“善意的姿态”。
据有关她案件的报道，卡拉里并非一直被监禁，但她一直处于出境禁令之下，并多次受到审讯。
她的获释在冲突不断升级的当下带来了一丝宽慰，但塔赫巴兹表示，双重国籍公民尤其容易受到伤害，因为伊朗不承认他们的外国国籍。
“伊朗只承认伊朗国籍，除此之外不承认任何其他国籍，”他说。
当局可以以国家安全为由立案，判处刑罚，然后将囚犯保留下来用于未来的谈判，塔赫巴兹说。
“你被定罪，他们作出判决，你就被纳入了这个体系，而现在你就成了一枚谈判筹码，”他说。
目前仍被关押或被禁止离开伊朗的美国人的确切人数仍不明确。
路透社3月的报道称，至少有六名美国公民或永久居民在伊朗被扣押，其中包括记者礼萨·瓦利扎德、商人卡姆兰·赫克马蒂和美国永久居民沙哈布·达利利。
via Reuters)
前自由欧洲电台记者瓦利扎德因涉嫌与敌对政府勾结被判处10年监禁。据其家人透露，赫克马蒂因十多年前访问以色列被判处两年监禁。达利利在前往伊朗参加父亲的葬礼后被捕，因涉嫌与敌对政府合作被判处10年监禁。
维权人士警告称，不断升级的袭击可能会增加被扣押者受到伤害或被用作谈判筹码的风险。
美国国务院于3月正式将患有膀胱癌的赫克马蒂列为错误扣押对象。
塔赫巴兹表示，他认为目前仍有三名美国人被关押，但这一数字无法得到独立证实。有些案件被刻意保密，因为家属担心公开报道会增加被扣押者的危险。
他对当前战争的担忧源于自己被关押期间，伊朗审讯人员针对美伊紧张局势作出的反应。
“2018年1月我被逮捕时，正值特朗普政府刚上台，当时美国退出《联合全面行动计划》（JCPOA）引发的愤怒和不满，我的意思是，在审讯期间，几乎每天都会以这样或那样的方式被当面提及，”塔赫巴兹在谈及2015年的核协议时说道。
美国于2018年5月正式退出2015年的《联合全面行动计划》，即伊朗核问题全面协议，此时距塔赫巴兹被捕已有数月。
塔赫巴兹认为，当前的冲突同样会波及那些对华盛顿的决定毫无控制权的囚犯。
“这肯定会让在押囚犯以及那些可能正处于监视之下或潜在人质的处境恶化，”他说。
美国“严阵以待”，若伊朗谈判失败将实施“更猛烈”打击，特朗普暂停霍尔木兹行动
穆拉德·塔赫巴兹与埃斯坎德尔·菲鲁兹合影，菲鲁兹是伊朗环境部的创始负责人，1979年革命后被监禁六年，照片拍摄数年后去世。
他将囚犯描述为伊朗与美国更广泛对抗中的又一个谈判筹码。
“你可以看到，即使在战争期间，这种针锋相对的情况也在上演，你这么做，我们就那么做，”他说。
“从伊朗的角度来看，人质不过是一件商品，会在合适的时机被利用。”
塔赫巴兹在伊斯兰革命卫队的经历也影响了他对伊朗国内局势的分析。
他强调自己并非政治分析师，并表示他的结论是基于自身经历以及与熟悉该国的人士的对话得出的个人判断。
塔赫巴兹表示，他认为革命卫队内部的利益集团正在为维护其政治和经济权力而斗争。
他特别指出了伊斯兰革命卫队的工程和建筑集团“卡塔姆·安比耶”。塔赫巴兹认为，制裁迫使石油销售、进口和资金转移进入不透明的黑市和灰色市场，从而让与革命卫队有关联的强势实体受益。
“正是因为这些制裁，他们为自己打造了一个巨大的‘特许经营权’，”他说。
“他们不希望制裁取消，因为那样他们就会失去这个‘特许经营权’，可以这么说。他们会失去对资金以及所有相关事务的权力和控制。”
他表示，普通伊朗人在由此产生的经济孤立和战争环境中遭受了最严重的打击。
“在这一切中受伤最深的是伊朗人民，”塔赫巴兹说，“不幸的是，他们在日常生活中首当其冲。”
塔赫巴兹预测，伊朗民众最终会再次走上街头，但他表示，许多人已经对西方政府会介入帮助推翻现政权失去了信心。
“我确信他们会再次走上街头，”他说，“但那种认为西方国家会介入帮助他们推翻现政权的想法，已经烟消云散了。”
塔赫巴兹说，许多伊朗人此前对美国抱有强烈的同情，最初曾希望这场冲突能终结伊斯兰共和国。这一描述反映了他的评估以及与他人的对话，无法通过独立方式量化。
他认为，任何未来的政治运动都必须主要在伊朗国内发展，而不是由国外的反对团体指挥。
“那里积压着大量的仇恨和愤怒，”塔赫巴兹说，“所以毫无疑问，这种情绪会再次爆发。问题在于何时爆发、如何爆发，但它一定会再次发生。”
塔赫巴兹正在他的新书《绿鹦鹉：伊朗埃文监狱中的生存回忆录》中讲述自己的监禁经历，该书定于9月29日出版。出版商表示，这本书描述了他如何运用追踪濒危野生动物时学到的技能，在埃文监狱度过了近六年的时光，其中包括单独监禁。
他的获释凸显了各国政府在设法营救本国公民时面临的矛盾：谈判可以让个别囚犯回家，但塔赫巴兹认为，除非伊朗为劫持人质行为面临真正的威慑，否则这种更广泛的行径将持续下去。
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他之所以能活下来，是因为各国政府最终通过谈判换回了他的自由。
他的警告是，随着战争愈演愈烈，仍被关押在伊朗的美国人对德黑兰而言可能会变得更有价值，而恰恰在这个时候，他们的处境会变得更加危险。
埃弗拉特（埃菲）·拉赫特是一名调查记者、电影制片人和战争通讯员。她在40多个国家执导和制作了200多部纪录片片段。她是2022年佩雷斯和平中心和平奖得主，同时也是2023-2024年密歇根大学奈特-华莱士新闻奖学金获得者。她拥有传播学学士学位和政治学硕士学位。
Freed American reveals brutal Iran prison ordeal, warns hostages face greater danger
July 28, 2026 6:00am EDT / Fox News
The conservationist spent nearly six years in Evin Prison and says detained Americans are now ‘just a commodity’ for Tehran
Former Iran hostage warns Tehran treats detainees as ‘commodities’
Morad Tahbaz, who spent nearly six years in Evin Prison, says Western governments have failed to deter Iran’s hostage-taking and warns renewed conflict could worsen conditions for Americans still held.
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For nearly six years, American conservationist Morad Tahbaz lived in what he described as hell inside Iran’s prison system. The worst four months were spent completely alone in a small cell, beneath a bright light that never went dark.
Tahbaz was held in Ward 2A of Iran’s Evin Prison, which he described as a high-security detention facility controlled by the intelligence branch of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
He was allowed out only twice a day for about 10 minutes and was forced to wear a blindfold whenever he left, Tahbaz told Fox News Digital. His weekly call with his wife lasted only a few minutes and was monitored so closely that an official interrupted whenever he spoke in English.
“This is probably the harshest and toughest imprisonment that any prisoner will go through,” Tahbaz, who was finally released in September 2023, told Fox News Digital of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps intelligence detention facility inside Iran’s Evin Prison.
WHO IS AHMAD VAHIDI? IRAN’S NEW IRGC CHIEF TIED TO GLOBAL ATTACKS AND ‘DEATH TO AMERICA’ IDEOLOGY
Morad Tahbaz, an Iranian American conservationist, in Golestan National Park, Iran. Tahbaz spent nearly six years in Iran’s Evin Prison before being released with four other Americans in September 2023.(Morad Tahbaz)
Tahbaz was living and working in Iran as a conservationist when authorities arrested him alongside several colleagues in January 2018. He had co-founded the Persian Wildlife Heritage Foundation, which worked to protect endangered species including the Asiatic cheetah and Persian leopard.
One of the accusations leveled against him, Tahbaz said, was that he had trained lizards to spy on Iranian military installations for Israel.
“You can’t make this stuff up,” Tahbaz said in the Zoom interview with Fox News Digital. “It just gives you an idea of the kind of narrative that this regime comes up with. They’ll come up with anything.”
What began with interrogations in January 2018 turned into nearly six years of imprisonment for the Iranian American conservationist.
Now free and back in his home in the U.S., Tahbaz fears the war between the United States and Iran could make the Americans still held by Iran both more vulnerable and more valuable as negotiating assets.
“I do think the strikes in Iran will have an impact on the hostages’ situation and their circumstances,” he said.
TRUMP SAYS IRAN WILL PAY — WHAT IT TAKES TO END THE WAR REMAINS UNCLEAR
Morad Tahbaz reunites with his family following his release from Iran in September 2023.(Morad Tahbaz)
Tahbaz said he spent his first two years inside the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps intelligence facility at Evin.
After his conviction, Tahbaz was transferred into the general prison population. He said his cellmates ranged from suspected ISIS members to former Iranian government ministers.
The isolation and physical conditions were accompanied by constant uncertainty.
“The uncertainty when you are a hostage is not like you think at the end of your sentence they’ll necessarily let you go,” Tahbaz said. “They’ll just come up with another charge to keep you there for as long as you’re of value to them.”
Tahbaz was released Sept. 18, 2023, with four other Americans in a Qatar-mediated agreement between Washington and Iran. The exchange also involved five Iranians held by the United States and the transfer of $6 billion in previously frozen Iranian funds into a restricted account for humanitarian transactions.
The negotiation brought Tahbaz home, but he believes Western governments have failed to establish consequences strong enough to stop Iran from detaining more foreign and dual nationals.
“This business of hostage-taking has been going on essentially since the beginning of the revolution,” he said.
LAWYER FOR AMERICAN DETAINED IN IRAN SAYS HOSTAGE DEAL IS ‘EASIEST PROBLEM ON THE TABLE’ FOR BOTH SIDES
Freed hostage Morad Tahbaz is surrounded by his family just after landing in the U.S. in September 2023.(Morad Tahbaz)
“It will continue, in my opinion, as long as there is no deterrence,” Tahbaz added. “None of the Western governments, in reality, have done anything significant about stopping this practice.”
The issue returned to the forefront in July with the release of Dena Karari, a 53-year-old Iranian American from California.
Karari had been unable to leave Iran since December 2024 after authorities confiscated her passports. Her attorney said she faced allegations of espionage and collaboration with a hostile state. President Donald Trump announced in July that she had been allowed to leave and called the decision a “gesture of goodwill.”
Karari was not continuously imprisoned, according to reporting about her case, but she remained under an exit ban and was repeatedly interrogated.
Her release offered relief during a widening conflict, but Tahbaz said dual nationals remain particularly vulnerable because Iran does not recognize their foreign citizenship.
“Iran doesn’t recognize any other nationality other than the Iranian,” he said.
Authorities can develop a national-security case, secure a sentence and then preserve the prisoner for use in future negotiations, Tahbaz said.
“You’re condemned, and they pass sentence, and you’re in the system, and now you are a bargaining chip,” he said.
The precise number of Americans currently imprisoned or prevented from leaving Iran remains unclear.
Reuters reported in March that at least six U.S. citizens or permanent residents were detained in Iran, including journalist Reza Valizadeh, businessman Kamran Hekmati and U.S. permanent resident Shahab Dalili.
A view of the entrance of Evin prison in Tehran, Iran Oct. 17, 2022.(Majid Asgaripour/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via Reuters)
Valizadeh, a former Radio Farda journalist, was sentenced to 10 years for allegedly collaborating with a hostile government. Hekmati was sentenced to two years for having visited Israel more than a decade earlier, according to his family. Dalili, who was arrested after traveling to Iran for his father’s funeral, was sentenced to 10 years for allegedly cooperating with a hostile government.
Advocates warned that escalating strikes could increase the risk that detainees would be harmed or used as leverage.
The State Department formally designated Hekmati, who has bladder cancer, as wrongfully detained in March.
Tahbaz said he believes three Americans remain in custody, although that number could not be independently confirmed. Some cases are deliberately kept private because families fear publicity could increase the danger to detainees.
His concerns about the current war are rooted in how Iranian interrogators responded to tensions with Washington during his own imprisonment.
“When I was taken in in January of 2018, and it was right at the beginning of the first Trump administration, the amount of frustration and anger at the rollback of the JCPOA at that time, I mean, it was thrown into my face just about every day of my interrogation in some way, shape or form,” Tahbaz said, referring to a 2015 nuclear deal, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.
The United States formally withdrew from the 2015 nuclear agreement, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, in May 2018, several months after Tahbaz’s arrest.
Tahbaz believes the current conflict could similarly be transferred onto prisoners who have no control over decisions made in Washington.
“It definitely will worsen the case of prisoners in custody and those who may be just under surveillance or potential hostages,” he said.
US ‘LOCKED AND LOADED’ FOR ‘MUCH HIGHER’ STRIKES IF IRAN TALKS FAIL AS TRUMP PAUSES HORMUZ OPS
Morad Tahbaz with Eskandar Firouz, the founding head of Iran’s Department of the Environment, at Lar National Park in Iran. Firouz, who was imprisoned for six years following the 1979 revolution, died several years after the photo was taken.(Morad Tahbaz)
He described prisoners as one more source of leverage in Iran’s broader confrontation with the United States.
“You’re seeing that playing out even with the war, this tit-for-tat, you do this, we’ll do that,” he said.
“The hostages are, you know, just a commodity from Iran’s perspective, to be used at the right time.”
Tahbaz’s experience with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps also shapes his analysis of the struggle unfolding inside Iran.
He stressed that he is not a political analyst and described his conclusions as personal assessments based on his experience and conversations with contacts familiar with the country.
Tahbaz said he believes competing interests within the Revolutionary Guard are fighting to preserve their political and economic power.
He pointed specifically to Khatam al-Anbiya, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps’ engineering and construction conglomerate. Tahbaz argued that sanctions have benefited powerful IRGC-linked entities by forcing oil sales, imports and money transfers into opaque black and gray markets.
“They have created a huge franchise for themselves because of these sanctions,” he said.
“They don’t want to see the sanctions go away, because they will lose their franchise, if you will. They will lose their power, their control over the money and everything that goes along with it.”
He said ordinary Iranians have suffered most from the resulting economic isolation and wartime conditions.
“The people who are hurt most by all of this are the people of Iran,” Tahbaz said. “They’re unfortunately taking the brunt of all of these in their daily lives.”
Tahbaz predicted Iranians would eventually return to the streets, but said many had lost confidence that Western governments would intervene to help remove the regime.
“I’m sure they’ll be back on the streets,” he said. “But I think this notion that the Western states are going to step in and help them overthrow this regime, that went out the window.”
Tahbaz said many Iranians had previously been strongly sympathetic toward the United States and initially hoped the conflict might end the Islamic Republic. That characterization reflects his assessment and conversations and could not be independently quantified.
He believes any future political movement will have to develop primarily inside Iran rather than being directed by opposition groups abroad.
“There’s a lot of hatred and anger just boiling there,” Tahbaz said. “So it will boil up and over again without a doubt. The question is when, how, but it will happen again.”
Tahbaz is recounting his imprisonment in his new book, “Green Parrots: A Memoir of Survival in Iran’s Evin Prison,” scheduled for publication Sept. 29. The publisher says the book describes how he relied on skills developed while tracking endangered wildlife to survive nearly six years in Evin, including solitary confinement.
His release illustrates the contradiction confronting governments trying to recover their citizens: negotiations can bring individual prisoners home, but Tahbaz believes the broader practice will continue unless Iran faces meaningful deterrence for taking them.
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Military members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in western Tehran, Iran.(Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
He survived because governments ultimately negotiated for his freedom.
His warning is that as the war intensifies, the Americans still held in Iran could become more valuable to Tehran at precisely the moment their circumstances become more dangerous.
Efrat (Effie) Lachter is an investigative journalist, filmmaker and war correspondent. She has directed and produced over 200 documentary segments across more than 40 countries. Recipient of the 2022 Peres Center for Peace Award, Lachter is also a 2023-24 Knight-Wallace Journalism Fellow at the University of Michigan. She holds a bachelor’s degree in communication and a master’s degree in political science.