议员计划重新提出《第四修正案恢复法案》,禁止车牌识别、人脸识别和无人机使用
2026-07-28T12:04:50-04:00 / 福克斯新闻频道
作者:罗伯特·麦格里维,福克斯新闻
发布于2026年7月28日美国东部时间下午12:04
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西弗吉尼亚州自由核心小组的州议员正寻求在全州范围内禁止人工智能驱动的羊群监控摄像头,称该技术侵犯了公民的第四修正案隐私权。
“西弗吉尼亚州自由核心小组强烈反对自动监控技术不受限制地扩张,包括羊群安全摄像头系统、自动车牌识别器(ALPRs)、人工智能驱动的面部识别、多模式车辆识别,以及声称可根据体型或动作识别武装公民的新兴‘枪支检测’软件,”西弗吉尼亚州众议员、自由核心小组主席克里斯·安德斯在给福克斯新闻数字频道的一份声明中说道。
“这些技术代表了政府监控的大幅扩张,从根本上与第四修正案相悖,”安德斯补充道。
【街角的监控摄像头:合法监视还是违宪问题?】
一张西弗吉尼亚州自由核心小组宣传禁止羊群摄像头的海报。(西弗吉尼亚州自由核心小组)
“任何州或地方政府都不应在没有搜查令的情况下大规模追踪守法公民的日常行踪。大规模监控在自由社会中毫无立足之地,”安德斯在该核心小组的X账号上发布的另一份声明中说道。
该核心小组呼吁全州所有市政当局立即拆除由安全公司Flock Safety运营的自动车牌识别器等设备。
“不会因为技术进步,宪法就失效了,”安德斯补充道。
该核心小组计划通过重新提出一项此前未获通过的立法提案——《第四修正案恢复法案》,来对抗这些摄像头和监控技术。
该法案将禁止州内执法部门和其他机构使用一系列人工智能驱动的监控技术。被禁止的技术包括人脸识别软件、监控无人机、车牌识别器等。
Flock Safety摄像头利用人工智能实时捕捉车牌图像,追踪车辆在社区内的移动轨迹。(Flock Safety)
“连续两年来,《第四修正案恢复法案》一直在西弗吉尼亚州议会中被提出,但始终未能提交州长审批。这种情况必须改变,”安德斯还表示,他将该法案此前未能通过的责任归咎于州议会领导层。
“尽管公众对政府监控的担忧与日俱增,但议长罗杰·汉肖和众议院司法委员会主席JB·埃克斯拒绝将该法案提交审议。结果就是众议院从未有机会就这项立法进行辩论或投票,”安德斯在给福克斯新闻数字频道的电子邮件中写道。
“如果众议院领导层继续剥夺民选代表就这一根本性宪法问题进行投票的机会,自由核心小组将动用一切可用的议会手段,坚决要求《第四修正案恢复法案》在参众两院进行不记名投票。宪法权利绝不应在委员会中被悄悄搁置,”安德斯补充道。
埃克斯主席在回应安德斯的言论时告诉福克斯新闻数字频道:“我们实际上在上一届会议上通过了一项法案,限制执法部门在私人财产上进行的监控范围。不幸的是,克里斯·安德斯提交的是由外部团体提供的起草粗糙的法案。在第四修正案的语境下,他的提案甚至会阻碍保守派支持的正常执法行动。”
“上一届会议,他试图以某种方式修改一项法案,该修改甚至会阻止警方进入前院有一具明显尸体的房产。坦率地说,他的想法很愚蠢,”埃克斯在谈到安德斯的提案草案时说道。“我别无选择,只能这么说。如果他要指责他人未能让他的法案通过,那他就应该拿出更好的草案。坦率地说,我认为他宁愿看到自己糟糕的法案失败,这样他就可以叫嚣‘共和党内的温和派’来博取关注。”
【坎瓦河沿岸的西弗吉尼亚州议会大厦。(美国之景/约瑟夫·索姆/环球图片集团通过盖蒂图片社)】
其他自由核心小组成员也对羊群摄像头表示反对。
“第四修正案的制定就是为了阻止政府进行大规模监控和无证搜查,”西弗吉尼亚州自由核心小组秘书亨利·狄龙在一份声明中说道。他认为“羊群摄像头不仅能识别罪犯——它们还会创建一个数据库,记录守法公民去礼拜、就医、经商和出行的地点。”
“这从根本上与自由社会格格不入,”他说道。
【约翰逊在关键投票前因无证监控权力面临共和党反抗】
另一名自由核心小组成员、州参议员克雷格·哈特指出了佐治亚州多起涉及羊群摄像头的所谓警察滥用职权事件,包括2025年布拉塞尔顿警察局局长迈克尔·斯特夫曼因涉嫌使用自动车牌识别器跟踪骚扰他人而被捕的案件。
根据电子前沿基金会的《监控地图集》,西弗吉尼亚州至少有五个市政当局配备了Flock Safety的车牌识别器,而惠灵和州首府查尔斯顿等其他市政当局则运营着无人机、摄像头登记系统和情报融合中心。
美国公民自由联盟正在起诉西弗吉尼亚州亨廷顿市,此前该市市长和市议会同意与Flock签订一份价值210万美元的合同,采购人工智能驱动的监控设备。
“如果法院允许该合同继续执行,亨廷顿将被配备车辆指纹技术的车牌识别摄像头、实时视频摄像机、枪声检测音频设备,甚至自动派遣的无人机全面覆盖,”美国公民自由联盟在一份声明中写道。
美国公民自由联盟表示,超过50名市民出席了市议会会议,表达对该协议的反对。
与此同时,亨廷顿市市长帕特里克·法雷尔辩称,其他州的羊群摄像头已经帮助抓获了西弗吉尼亚州的嫌疑人。
【2025年9月9日,文图拉孔雀大道和布里斯托尔路交叉口附近灯柱上的Flock Safety品牌车牌识别摄像头。(以赛亚·穆尔托/《星报》/今日美国网络通过Imagn Images/路透社)】
法雷尔在回顾一场追捕一名据称在亨廷顿附近朝一名女子头部开枪的谋杀嫌疑人的行动时说道:“他当时正返回密歇根州,对我们来说幸运的是,其他某个城市的车牌识别摄像头拍到了那辆车。”
“这为我们提供了线索,最终让我们在密歇根州将他逮捕。因此,它帮助我们的执法部门更快、更高效地开展工作,这就是我认为我们需要更多的那种成功案例,”这位市长说道。
尽管有安全方面的理由,安德斯和他的核心小组仍然坚持认为这项技术违反了宪法。
“开国元勋们发动革命,不是为了让政府可以随时随地监视无辜公民,”安德斯告诉福克斯新闻数字频道。“乔治·奥威尔的《1984》是作为警告而非操作手册问世的。我们应该追求更多1776年的精神,而非更多1984年的状况。”
“《第四修正案恢复法案》并不阻止警方调查犯罪。它只是要求政府遵守两百多年来宪法的规定:在针对美国人进行针对性监控之前,获得基于合理理由的搜查令,”安德斯总结道。
在给福克斯新闻数字频道的一份声明中,Flock Safety公司坚称该公司保护个人隐私,并表示支持为车牌识别器制定监管框架的立法。
“Flock强烈支持立法,为车牌识别数据的使用和共享制定明确的监管框架,同时保留这一重要公共安全工具的有效性,”该公司发言人在一份声明中告诉福克斯新闻数字频道。“这些系统在帮助执法部门破案、寻找失踪人员和保障社区安全方面发挥着关键作用。取消或削弱使用这项技术的渠道将对公共安全产生实际影响。我们认为正确的做法不是淘汰一款有效的工具,而是负责任地对其进行监管。州议员应该制定强有力的保障措施,确保问责、监督和负责任的使用,同时保留执法部门以社区期望和依赖的方式使用这些技术的能力。我们随时准备在议员们审议这些重要问题时提供帮助。”
“Flock的客户完全拥有并控制他们的数据。Flock不出售数据。访问权限仅限于授权用户,各机构可通过自愿共享关系决定是否与其他执法机构共享数据,且可随时更改或撤销该共享关系。默认情况下,数据会在30天后自动删除,”该公司发言人总结道。
福克斯新闻数字频道还联系了总检察长帕特里克·莫里西和汉肖寻求置评,但未立即收到回复。
Flock surveillance spreads across the South as red-state lawmakers seek to ax ‘1984’-style tracking tools
Lawmakers plan to reintroduce the Fourth Amendment Restoration Act to ban license plate readers, face recognition and drones
2026-07-28T12:04:50-04:00 / Fox News
By Robert McGreevy, Fox News
Published July 28, 2026 12:04pm EDT
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State lawmakers in West Virginia’s Freedom Caucus are seeking to ban AI-powered Flock surveillance cameras statewide, arguing the technology violates citizens’ Fourth Amendment right to privacy.
“The West Virginia Freedom Caucus strongly opposes the unchecked expansion of automated surveillance technologies, including Flock Safety camera systems, automated license plate readers (ALPRs), AI-powered facial recognition, multimodal vehicle recognition, and emerging ‘gun detection’ software that claims to identify armed citizens based on body shape or movement,” West Virginia Delegate Chris Anders, the chairman of West Virginia’s Freedom Caucus, said in a statement to Fox News Digital.
“These technologies represent a dramatic expansion of government surveillance that is fundamentally at odds with the Fourth Amendment,” Anders added.
THE SURVEILLANCE CAMERA ON YOUR STREET CORNER: LAWFUL SPYING OR CONSTITUTIONALLY PROBLEMATIC?
A West Virginia Freedom Caucus poster advocating for a ban on Flock cameras.(West Virginia Freedom Caucus)
“No state or local government should be mass tracking the daily movements of law-abiding citizens without a warrant. Mass surveillance has no place in a free society,” Anders also said in a statement posted to the caucus’ X account.
The caucus is calling on all state municipalities to immediately remove automated license plate readers such as the ones run by the security company Flock Safety.
“The Constitution does not disappear because technology advances,” Anders added.
The caucus plans on combating the cameras and surveillance technologies by reintroducing a previously failed legislative measure called the Fourth Amendment Restoration Act.
The bill would prohibit a series of AI-powered surveillance technologies from being used by law enforcement and other agencies in the state. The technologies it would ban include facial recognition software, surveillance drones, license plate readers and more.
Flock Safety cameras use AI to capture license plate images in real time, tracking vehicles as they move through neighborhoods.(Flock Safety)
“For two consecutive years, the Fourth Amendment Restoration Act has been introduced in the West Virginia Legislature, yet it has failed to reach the Governor’s desk. That must change,” Anders also said, placing blame for the bill’s previous failures at the feet of the state’s legislative leadership.
“Despite growing public concern over government surveillance, Speaker Roger Hanshaw and House Judiciary Chairman JB Akers declined to bring the bill forward for consideration. As a result, the House was never given the opportunity to debate or vote on this legislation,” Anders wrote in an email to Fox News Digital.
“If House leadership continues to deny the people’s elected representatives the opportunity to vote on this fundamental constitutional issue, the Freedom Caucus will use every parliamentary tool available to insist that the Fourth Amendment Restoration Act receive an up-or-down vote in both chambers. Constitutional rights should never be quietly buried in committee,” Anders added.
Chairman Akers, in a response to Anders’ comments, told Fox News Digital, “We actually passed a bill last session that limits the amount of surveillance law enforcement may engage in on private property. Unfortunately, Chris Anders submits sloppily drafted bills given to him by outside groups. In the 4th Amendment context, his proposals would prevent even normal law enforcement actions that conservatives support.”
“Last session, he tried to amend a bill in a way that would have prevented police from entering property even if a dead body were in plain view in the front yard. Bluntly, his idea was dumb,” Akers said of Anders’ proposal draft. “He left me no choice but to say that. If he’s going to blame others for failing to get his bills through, then he needs to do better work. Frankly, I think he’d rather see his bad bills fail so he can then scream RINO for clicks.”
The state Capitol of West Virginia is seen by the Kanawha River.(Visions of America/Joseph Sohm/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
Other Freedom Caucus members also objected to the Flock cameras.
“The Fourth Amendment was written specifically to stop the government from engaging in generalized surveillance and warrantless searches,” West Virginia Freedom Caucus Secretary Henry Dillon said in a statement. He argued that “Flock cameras don’t just identify criminals — they create a database documenting where law-abiding citizens worship, seek medical care, conduct business, and travel.”
“That is fundamentally incompatible with a free society,” he said.
JOHNSON FACES GOP REVOLT OVER WARRANTLESS SURVEILLANCE POWERS AHEAD OF KEY VOTE
Another Freedom Caucus member, state Sen. Craig Hart, pointed to a series of alleged police abuses involving Flock cameras in Georgia, including a 2025 incident in which Braselton Police Department Chief Michael Steffman was arrested for allegedly using automated license plate readers to stalk and harass people.
According to the Electronic Frontier Foundation’s Atlas of Surveillance, at least five West Virginia municipalities incorporate Flock Safety license plate readers, while other municipalities like Wheeling and the state capital of Charleston operate drones, camera registries and intelligence fusion centers.
The American Civil Liberties Union is suing the West Virginia city of Huntington after its mayor and city council agreed to a $2.1 million deal with Flock for AI-powered surveillance equipment.
“If the Court allows the contract to proceed, Huntington would be blanketed in license plate recognition cameras with vehicle fingerprint technology, live video cameras, gunshot detection audio devices, and even automatically dispatched drones,” the ACLU wrote in a statement.
The ACLU said more than 50 citizens attended the city council meeting to voice their disapproval of the agreement.
Meanwhile, Huntington Mayor Patrick Farrell argued that Flock cameras in other states have already helped catch West Virginia suspects.
A Flock Safety-branded license plate reader camera sits on a lamppost near the intersection of Peacock Drive and Bristol Road in Ventura on Sept. 9, 2025.(Isaiah Murtaugh/The Star/USA Today Network via Imagn Images/Reuters)
Recounting a pursuit of a murder suspect who allegedly shot a woman in the head near Huntington, Farrell said,”He was going back to Michigan, and luckily for us, some other city had license plate reader cameras that caught the car.”
“That gave us the lead that led to his arrest in Michigan.So it helps our law enforcement do its work faster, more efficiently, and that’s the kind of success that I think we need more of,” the mayor said.
Despite the safety argument, Anders and his caucus insist the technology violates the Constitution.
“The Founders did not fight a revolution so government could monitor innocent citizens everywhere they travel,” Anders told Fox News Digital. “George Orwell’s 1984 was intended as a warning, not an instruction manual. We should be striving for more 1776, not more 1984.”
“The Fourth Amendment Restoration Act does not prevent police from investigating crime. It simply requires government to do what the Constitution has required for over two centuries: obtain a warrant based upon probable cause before engaging in targeted surveillance of Americans,” Anders concluded.
In a statement to Fox News Digital, Flock Safety maintained that the company protects personal privacy and claimed to support legislation that sets guardrails for license plate readers.
“Flock strongly supports legislation that creates clear guardrails for how license plate recognition data is used and shared, while preserving the effectiveness of an important public safety tool,” a company spokesperson told Fox News Digital in a statement. “These systems play a critical role in helping law enforcement solve crimes, locate missing people, and keep communities safe. Taking away or weakening access to this technology would have real consequences for public safety. We believe the right approach is not to eliminate an effective tool, but to regulate it responsibly. State lawmakers should establish strong safeguards that ensure accountability, oversight, and responsible use, while preserving the ability of law enforcement to use these technologies in ways that communities expect and rely on. We stand ready to be a resource as lawmakers consider these important issues.”
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“Flock customers retain full ownership and control of their data. Flock does not sell data. Access is limited to authorized users, and agencies determine whether to share data with other law enforcement agencies through opt-in sharing relationships that they can change or revoke at any time. Data is automatically deleted after 30 days by default,” the company spokesperson concluded.
Fox News Digital also contacted Attorney General Patrick Morrisey and Hanshaw for comment but did not immediately hear back.