2026-04-30T16:25:38.423Z / 路透社
作者：帕特里夏·曾格勒
2026年4月30日 世界标准时间16:25 更新于3小时前
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[1/2]2026年4月29日，人们在伊朗德黑兰参加集会。马吉德·阿斯加里普尔/西亚新闻社 via 路透社 注意编辑人员——此图片由第三方提供 购买授权许可，将打开新标签页
- 摘要
- 特朗普或延长冲突，或辩称停火已结束敌对行动
- 民主党持续推动战争权限议题，但共和党支持特朗普
- 公众反对声浪高涨，但特朗普仍获政党强力支持
华盛顿，4月30日（路透社）——美国总统唐纳德·特朗普面临周五的截止期限，要么结束对伊朗战争，要么向国会申请延长战事。但这一日期很可能会过去，却不会改变这场已经陷入航运路线对峙的冲突走向。
结束战争的可能性看起来极低。
订阅路透社伊朗局势简报，获取战争最新进展与分析。点击此处注册。
分析人士和国会助手表示，他们预计特朗普要么会通知国会他计划延长30天战事，要么会无视这一截止期限，其政府将辩称目前与德黑兰达成的停火标志着冲突已经结束。
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正如存在严重分歧的国会中的多数政策一样，战争权限问题也已陷入强烈党派对立：反对党的民主党呼吁国会重新行使其宪法赋予的宣战权，而共和党则指责民主党试图利用《战争权限法》削弱特朗普。
自2月28日战争爆发以来，民主党多次试图通过决议，迫使特朗普撤出美军或获得国会授权。但在参众两院占据微弱多数席位的特朗普所在共和党，几乎全票否决了这些决议。
根据1973年《战争权限决议案》，美国总统可以在无需国会授权的情况下开展军事行动60天，之后要么结束行动，要么提交国会请求批准，或以“关乎美国武装部队安全的不可避免军事必要”为由申请延长30天。
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伊朗冲突于2月28日爆发，当时以色列和美国开始对伊朗发动空袭。特朗普按照法律要求在48小时内向国会通报了冲突情况，由此启动的60天截止期限将于5月1日到期。
脆弱的停火协议
一名美国官员告诉路透社，特朗普计划于周四听取针对伊朗发起新军事打击的计划简报，以迫使伊朗谈判结束冲突。
如果战事重启，特朗普可以告知议员们他已经启动了另一个60天期限。自国会以推翻时任总统理查德·尼克松的否决票通过《战争权限法》以回应越南战争以来，两党总统都曾多次采取这一做法。
越南战争同样未获得国会授权。
伊朗周四表示，如果华盛顿再次发动袭击，伊朗将对美军据点发起“漫长而痛苦的打击”，这让华盛顿组建国际联军开放霍尔木兹海峡的希望复杂化。
民意调查显示，在将于明年11月举行、决定国会控制权归属的选举前六个月，伊朗战争在美国民众中不受欢迎。
本月特朗普的支持率跌至其现任任期内的最低点，美国民众日益对生活成本感到不满，并将物价上涨归咎于这场战争。
但特朗普仍牢牢掌控着其所在政党，几乎没有共和党人反对他的政策。此外，共和党人强烈支持同样在打击伊朗的以色列，并欢迎削弱美国的死对头伊朗。
华盛顿智库史汀生中心高级研究员克里斯托弗·普雷布尔表示：“这纯粹就是党派之争。共和党人就是拒绝违抗总统，仅此而已。”
“积极磋商中”
白宫尚未表明其将如何推进，也未提及是否会请求国会批准针对伊朗使用军事力量的授权。
一位匿名的白宫官员表示：“本届政府正就这一议题与国会山进行积极磋商。任何试图通过篡夺总司令权限来捞取政治资本的国会议员，只会削弱美国在海外的军事力量，这是任何当选官员都不愿看到的。”
美国宪法规定只有国会，而非总统，可以宣战，但这一限制不适用于短期军事行动或应对直接威胁的情况。
迄今为止少数投下反对战争权限决议票的共和党人表示，他们可能会在5月1日之后重新考虑立场。
犹他州共和党参议员约翰·柯蒂斯发表文章称，他支持特朗普的行动，但如果没有国会批准，他不会支持在截止日期后继续开展军事行动。
但其他议员表示，他们希望等待观望。
参议院共和党多数党领袖、南达科他州参议员约翰·图恩表示，如果华盛顿和德黑兰能够达成和平协议将是“理想之举”，尽管他告诉记者，他并未排除就授权战争进行投票的可能性。
“我们显然在倾听各方意见，努力跟进事态发展，并定期从政府那里获取进展情况的最新消息，”图恩对记者说。
参议院民主党领袖、纽约州参议员查克·舒默共同发起了多项旨在结束战争的决议。
他在参议院演讲中表示：“共和党人清楚特朗普对这场战争的处理是一场灾难。他们也看到了美国民众如今遭受的痛苦。”他提到了汽油和其他商品价格的大幅上涨。
“在参议院共和党人做正确的事情之前，民主党还需要提出多少份战争权限决议？”舒默问道。
帕特里夏·曾格勒报道；史蒂夫·霍兰补充报道；唐·达夫和阿利斯泰尔·贝尔编辑
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Pivotal US-Iran war deadline approaches with no end in sight for conflict
2026-04-30T16:25:38.423Z / Reuters
By Patricia Zengerle
April 30, 2026 4:25 PM UTC Updated 3 hours ago
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[1/2]People attend a rally in Tehran, Iran, April 29, 2026. Majid Asgaripour/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS – THIS PICTURE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
- Trump likely to extend conflict or argue ceasefire ended hostilities
- Democrats continue to push for war powers, but Republicans back Trump
- Public opposition grows but Trump retains strong party support
WASHINGTON, April 30 (Reuters) – U.S. President Donald Trump faces a deadline on Friday to end the Iran war or make the case to Congress for extending it, but the date is most likely to pass without altering the course of a conflict that has lapsed into a standoff over shipping routes.
Ending the war appears highly unlikely.
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Instead, analysts and congressional aides said they expect Trump to either notify Congress that he plans a 30-day extension or disregard the deadline, with his administration arguing that a current ceasefire with Tehran marked an end to the conflict.
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Like most policies in a bitterly divided Congress, war powers have become deeply partisan, with opposition Democrats calling for Congress to reassert its constitutional right to declare war and Republicans accusing Democrats of trying to use War Powers law to weaken Trump.
Democrats have tried repeatedly since the war began on February 28 to pass resolutions seeking to force Trump to withdraw U.S. forces or obtain congressional authorization. But Trump’s Republicans, who hold slim majorities in the Senate and House of Representatives, have voted them down almost unanimously.
Under the 1973 War Powers Resolution, the U.S. president can wage military action for only 60 days before ending it, coming to Congress for authorization or seeking a 30-day extension due to “unavoidable military necessity regarding the safety of United States Armed Forces.”
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The Iran conflict began on February 28, when Israel and the United States began airstrikes on Iran. Trump formally notified Congress of the conflict 48 hours later, as the law requires, starting the 60-day deadline clock that ends May 1.
FRAIL CEASEFIRE
Trump is scheduled to receive a briefing on Thursday on plans for fresh military strikes on Iran to compel it to negotiate an end to the conflict, a U.S. official told Reuters.
If fighting resumes, Trump can tell lawmakers that he has started another 60-day clock, something that presidents from both parties have done repeatedly since Congress passed the War Powers law, over then-President Richard Nixon’s veto, in response to the Vietnam War.
That conflict also was not authorized by Congress.
Iran said on Thursday that if Washington renewed attacks it would respond with “long and painful strikes” on U.S. positions, complicating Washington’s hopes for an international coalition to open the Strait of Hormuz.
Opinion polls show that the Iran war is unpopular among Americans, six months before November elections that will determine who controls Congress next year.
Trump’s approval rating sank to the lowest level of his current term this month, as Americans increasingly soured on the cost of living and blamed the war for higher prices.
But Trump remains strongly in control of his party and few Republicans have objected to his policies. Additionally, Republicans strongly back Israel, which is also striking Iran, and welcome weakening of Iran, a bitter enemy of the United States.
“It’s partisanship, plain and simple,” said Christopher Preble, a senior fellow at the Stimson Center think tank in Washington. “Republicans refuse to defy the president, simple as that.”
‘ACTIVE CONVERSATIONS’
The White House has not said how it plans to proceed, or if it will ask Congress to approve an Authorization for the Use of Military Force against Iran.
“The administration is in active conversations with the Hill on this topic. Members of Congress who try to score political points by usurping the Commander-in-Chief’s authority would only undermine the United States Military abroad, which no elected official should want to do,” a White House official said on condition of anonymity.
The U.S. Constitution says only Congress, not the president, can declare war, but that restriction does not apply for short-term operations or to counter an immediate threat.
A few Republicans who have voted against war powers resolutions to date said they may reconsider after May 1.
Republican Senator John Curtis of Utah published an essay, opens new tab saying he supported Trump’s actions but would not support ongoing military action beyond the deadline without congressional approval.
But others said they wanted to wait to act.
Senator John Thune of South Dakota, the Senate’s Republican majority leader, said it would be “ideal” if Washington and Tehran could reach a peace agreement, although he told reporters he has not ruled out a potential vote on authorizing the war.
“We’re listening, obviously trying to stay dialed in to what’s there and getting regular updates from the administration about forward progress,” Thune told reporters.
Democratic Senate leader Chuck Schumer of New York has co-sponsored resolutions seeking to end the war.
“Republicans know Trump’s handling of this war has been a disaster. They see how much the American people are hurting right now,” he said in a Senate speech, referring to sharp increases in gasoline and other prices.
“How many War Powers Resolutions do Democrats need to put forward before Senate Republicans do what’s right?” Schumer asked.
Reporting by Patricia Zengerle; additional reporting by Steve Holland; editing by Don Durfee and Alistair Bell
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