2026-10-07 07:00:12 EDT / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（CBS News）
作者：诺拉·奥唐奈
诺拉·奥唐奈 《CBS晨间新闻》联合主持人、《60分钟》通讯员
诺拉·奥唐奈是多次获得艾美奖的《60分钟》通讯员及《CBS晨间新闻》联合主持人。此前，奥唐奈担任《CBS晚间新闻》总编辑兼主播超过五年，同时还主持CBS新闻选举特别节目。她同时也是CBS新闻播客《与诺拉·奥唐奈共度健康时光》的主持人，该播客聚焦女性健康话题。
“确诊当天就开启了抗癌生存之路，”埃莱奥诺拉·特普林斯基博士说道——而每年都有数十万美国女性迎来这样的全新人生。
根据美国癌症协会的数据，2026年美国将有321910名女性被新诊断为浸润性乳腺癌。整体乳腺癌发病率都在上升，但50岁以下年轻女性的增速最快。
乳腺癌也是青少年和39岁以下成年人最常见的癌症之一。
尽管得益于早期筛查和癌症治疗技术的进步，死亡率正逐年下降，但诊断率的上升仍然令人担忧。
本周的《健康时光》节目中，特普林斯基博士和我探讨了这一现象背后的原因。她还分享了我们可以采取哪些措施来更好地保护自己，以及如何支持所爱之人与癌症抗争。
为何年轻女性的乳腺癌发病率在上升？
在特普林斯基的新书《超越粉色》中，她对有些女性被告知“你还太年轻，不会得癌症”的现象表示惋惜。但事实并非如此。50岁以下女性的乳腺癌病例每年以1.4%的速度增长，这一增速是老年女性（0.7%）的两倍。
特普林斯基列举了几个可能的诱因。美国普遍存在高加工食品饮食和运动量减少的情况，而这两者都与更高的乳腺癌风险相关。
环境因素可能也会增加乳腺癌风险，但相关研究甚少，许多医生不知道该如何建议患者降低风险。
“人们对塑料制品和微塑料、对羟基苯甲酸酯和邻苯二甲酸盐这类物质非常关注，”特普林斯基说道，“还有我们在环境中接触这些物质可能如何影响女性乳腺癌风险。但这些都缺乏确凿的数据支持。”
此外还有生殖相关因素。初潮年龄较早的女性未来患乳腺癌的风险更高，晚育的女性也是如此。
“这并不是要指责任何人的选择，”特普林斯基补充道，“但乳房在更长时间内暴露于激素环境中，会增加患病风险，这一点需要引起重视。”
我们现在可以采取哪些措施降低乳腺癌风险？
特普林斯基想明确说明一点：“你可能做了所有正确的事，还是会被诊断出乳腺癌；而你什么正确的事都没做，也可能不会患病。”
癌症总体上是多因素导致的。生活方式、环境和遗传因素共同发挥作用。
但尽管没有百分百能预防乳腺癌的方法，特普林斯基还是给出了几条有科学依据的建议，帮助女性当下就能降低患病风险。
“第一点是戒酒，”特普林斯基坦言，“这应该是没人愿意听到的建议。”酒精是明确的致癌物质，“它不仅会增加乳腺癌风险，还会提升多种癌症的患病可能。”
特普林斯基还强调了在日常生活中加入体育锻炼的重要性。她和我都认同：“运动就是良药。”
特普林斯基建议，定期进行体育活动——理想状态下“平均每周约150分钟”，这不仅能降低乳腺癌风险，还能改善心血管和骨骼健康。
限制饮食中的加工食品也是任何人都能做到的降低乳腺癌风险的步骤。特普林斯基深知，完全避开加工食品可能难度更大。美国人的饮食中添加糖、加工肉类和化学物质含量很高，而且许多加工食品价格更低、更便捷。
“你可以做一点小改变吗？比如把汽水换成气泡水？或者在餐盘里多添一份蔬菜？”特普林斯基建议道。
更年期激素治疗与乳腺癌
数百万乳腺癌患者在更年期治疗方面感觉被忽视。长期以来，激素疗法一直被认为对乳腺癌患者和幸存者不安全。特普林斯基鼓励大家与信赖的医疗服务提供者进行全面沟通。
特普林斯基表示，这其中存在很多细微差别，是一个“不断演变的话题”。
她说，有许多因素需要考虑，比如你患的是哪种乳腺癌、复发风险有多高，以及确诊时间是什么时候？
个人偏好也是考量因素。特普林斯基说，有些女性“甚至不想再考虑激素”，而另一些女性则觉得别无选择，只能“忍受”症状折磨，而激素疗法本可以帮助她们缓解不适。
特普林斯基表示，有一种激素疗法对乳腺癌幸存者是安全的。
“低剂量阴道雌激素，这种药物是局部用药，不会被身体吸收，可以用于确诊乳腺癌的患者，”特普林斯基说，“可以且应该使用阴道雌激素，因为它能极大改善许多患者的生活质量。”
支持乳腺癌幸存者
“确诊第一天就开启了抗癌生存之路，”特普林斯基说道。她认为我们应该“拓宽视角”，关注患者的整体健康，而非仅仅聚焦于乳腺癌诊断。
支持癌症患者需要全社会的努力。医疗服务提供者、朋友、家人，当然还有患者本人，都在对抗疾病的过程中发挥着作用。
“我们发现，社交联系、与人相处、找到自己的社群，真的能改善乳腺癌女性的健康结局，”特普林斯基说道。
“与他人谈论你的健康状况，积极主动地面对病情，这一点非常重要，”她补充道。
如果医生发现需要进一步检查的异常情况，早发现问题对预后结果会有天壤之别。
绝大多数美国人都认识乳腺癌患者，我们都可以在所爱之人的抗癌之路上发挥重要作用。
十月——乳腺癌宣传月——“对幸存者和抗癌斗士来说是非常难熬的一个月，可能会让人不堪重负，”特普林斯基说道。伸出援手、提供一个倾听的耳朵，哪怕只是陪伴在侧，都意义非凡。
Breast cancer rates are rising in young women. Here is what you can do to protect yourself.
2026-10-07 07:00:12 EDT / CBS News
By Norah O’Donnell
Norah O’Donnell Co-host, “CBS Mornings” & Correspondent, “60 Minutes”
Norah O’Donnell is a multiple Emmy-Award winning “60 Minutes” correspondent and co-host of “CBS Mornings.” Previously, O’Donnell served as the managing editor and anchor of the “CBS Evening News” for more than five years, in addition to anchoring CBS News election specials. O’Donnell is also the host of “Healthful with Norah O’Donnell,” a CBS News podcast focused on women’s health.
“Survivorship starts at the day of diagnosis,” says Dr. Eleonora Teplinsky — and for hundreds of thousands of American women each year, it’s their new reality.
According to the American Cancer Society, 321,910 women in the U.S. will be newly diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in 2026. Rates of breast cancer are increasing across the board but the fastest rise is among younger women under the age of 50.
Breast cancer is also one of the most common cancers in adolescents and adults under 39.
While the mortality rate is decreasing over time thanks to earlier detection and innovation in cancer treatment, the increased rate of diagnosis is still a cause for concern.
This week on “Healthful,” Dr. Teplinsky joined me to discuss why this is happening. She also shares the steps we can take to best protect ourselves and how to support loved ones through their fight.
Why are rates of breast cancer rising in younger women?
In Teplinsky’s new book, “Beyond the Pink,” she laments how some women are told “you’re too young for cancer.” But that’s really not the case. Instances of breast cancer are rising 1.4% every year in women under 50. That’s double the rate of increase (0.7%) in older women.
Teplinsky cites several possible factors as to why this might be happening. Diets high in ultra-processed foods and reduced physical activity are common in the United States and linked to higher breast cancer risk.
Environmental factors may have a role in increasing risk of breast cancer — but with little research to pull from, many doctors don’t know how to advise patients on what to do to decrease their risk.
“There’s a lot of interest in plastics and microplastics, things like parabens and phthalates,” and how our exposure to them in the environment may impact women’s risk for breast cancer,Teplinsky observed. “But these are all things that just don’t have concrete data.”
Then there are reproductive factors. Girls who start their periods at an earlier age are at higher risk for breast cancer in the future, as are women who have their first child later in life.
“Now, it’s not to blame anyone for their choices,” Teplinsky noted, but “it’s what’s happening in the breast during that extended time that the breast is exposed to hormones” that increase the risk, which needs to be paid attention to.
What we can do to lower our risk of breast cancer now
Teplinsky wants to make something very clear: “You can do all the right things and be diagnosed with breast cancer, and you can do none of the right things and not be diagnosed with breast cancer.”
Cancer in general is multifactorial. A combination of lifestyle, environmental and genetic components come into play.
But while there is no sure way to prevent a breast cancer diagnosis, Teplinsky does have a few pieces of science-backed advice on what women can do right now to reduce the risk.
“Number one is eliminate alcohol,” Teplinsky said, knowing “this is something no one wants to hear about.” Alcohol is a carcinogen directly tied to causing cancer. “It can increase the risk, not just of breast cancer, but of multiple cancers.”
Teplinsky also stresses the importance of incorporating some kind of exercise into your daily routine. She and I agree: “Movement is medicine.”
Regular physical activity — ideally “about 150 minutes, on average, per week,” as Teplinksy recommends — not only reduces risk of breast cancer, it also improves cardiovascular and bone health.
Limiting ultra-processed foods from your diet is another step anyone can take to reduce their risk of breast cancer. Teplinsky understands this can be a trickier risk factor to avoid completely. The American diet is rich in added sugars, processed meats and chemicals, and many ultra-processed foods are cheaper and more convenient.
“Can you make a small change? Can you swap out your soda for a seltzer? Can you add an extra vegetable to your plate?” Teplinsky suggested.
Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer
Millions of women with breast cancer are feeling left behind when it comes to menopause treatment. Hormone therapy has long been considered unsafe for breast cancer patients and survivors. Teplinsky encourages having a thorough conversation with a trusted healthcare provider.
There is a lot of nuance and it’s an “evolving conversation,” according to Teplinsky.
She says there are a number of factors to consider, like what type of breast cancer you have, what is your risk of recurrence, and when were you diagnosed?
There’s also the personal preference. Teplinsky said some women “don’t even want to think about hormones” while others feel like they have no other option and are “suffering” for symptom relief that could be found in taking hormones.
There is one type of hormone that Teplinsky says is safe for breast cancer survivors.
“Low-does vaginal estrogen, which is local and does not get absorbed into the body, can be used in patients who have been diagnosed with breast cancer,” Teplinsky said. “Vaginal estrogen can be used and should be used because it’s life changing for so many of our patients.”
Supporting breast cancer survivors
“Survivorship starts at Day One,” Teplinsky said. She believes we should “zoom out” to care for the whole person rather than just the breast cancer diagnosis.
Supporting someone with a diagnosis takes a village. Healthcare providers, friends, family, and of course, the individual all play a role in fighting the disease.
“We find that social connection, being with people, finding your community really improves health outcomes” of women with breast cancer, Teplinsky said.
“Talking to people about your health, being proactive is so important,” she added.
If the doctor finds something that deserves a second look, identifying the issue early can mean a world of difference in prognosis.
A large majority of Americans know someone who has breast cancer and there’s an important role we can all play in our loved ones’ lives.
October — Breast Cancer Awareness Month — “is a very hard month for survivors and thrivers. It can be really overwhelming,” Teplinsky said. Reaching out, offering a listening ear or even just your presence can mean the world.
发表回复