2026-09-16T21:36:16.587Z / 路透社
华盛顿9月16日电（路透社）——人工智能霸权之争势必笼罩下周美国总统唐纳德·特朗普与中国国家主席习近平在华盛顿举行的会晤。
华盛顿与北京均将人工智能技术进步视为本国经济与军事竞争力的关键，但双方在先进芯片获取、技术抄袭指控以及人工智能行业监管等问题上仍存在分歧。
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美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特表示，他将于本周末与中国副总理何立峰会面，讨论人工智能相关议题，随后将举行两国领导人峰会。以下是双方的主要谈判议题与争端点。
军事冲突场景
一套干扰核指挥网络或发起军事网络行动的人工智能系统，可能会让双方政府仅余数分钟时间来判断对方是否发动了攻击。
美中两国安全专家均敦促两国政府为这类场景做好准备。他们提议围绕核系统、对重大网络攻击的人类控制权，以及涉及自主人工智能的事件设立热线等红线。
目前仍存在诸多悬而未决的问题：如何避免将事故误判为攻击，机器永远不应做出哪些军事决策，以及拥有核武器的竞争对手在技术出现意外状况时应如何沟通。
美国技术抄袭指控
通过一种被称为“蒸馏”的技术抄袭美国技术，已成为人工智能模型开发竞争中的一个导火索。
蒸馏是指利用更大、成本更高的模型输出结果来训练更小的人工智能模型，从而降低训练新人工智能工具的成本。
美国政府于9月指控六家中国公司利用蒸馏技术恶意抄袭美国人工智能产品，执法官员在一份声明中表示，这些公司“很可能是在中国政府知情的情况下”实施了这一行为。
今年4月特朗普访华前夕，美国也曾提出类似指控。中国驻美大使馆称这些指控“毫无根据”。
对华芯片出口
中国获取支撑人工智能产业发展的关键美国技术，是两国之间的一大摩擦点。
自2022年以来，美国已对向中国出口先进芯片和芯片制造设备实施了全面限制。
有证据显示先进人工智能芯片被偷运进入中国，但规模尚不明确。
美国一直在考虑限制中国企业远程访问其他国家的数据中心，以防止这些企业从英伟达的先进芯片中获益。
这一举措存在一些例外情况。去年年底，特朗普决定允许英伟达H200人工智能芯片的销售。H200并非市面上最先进的芯片，但该销售决定引发了华盛顿对华鹰派的担忧，他们认为这些芯片可能会增强中国的人工智能能力。
监管政策
两国领导人在政府应如何介入人工智能行业这一问题上存在根本性分歧。
特朗普对出台新的联邦人工智能监管规则的呼吁置之不理，他在周一表示，美国只需要一位强有力的总统，而该国“目前就有这样的总统”。他还称，人工智能行业高管呼吁对该技术进行监管是一场“骗局”。
中国政府制定了针对人工智能算法以及用于训练算法的数据的监管规则，其中包括要求人工智能生成的内容必须明确标注。
美中人工智能开发竞赛
美国官员通常的评估是，中国的人工智能模型仅比美国同行落后几个月，不过业界领袖越来越多地认为双方已不相上下。
2025年，时任白宫人工智能顾问的戴维·萨克斯表示，中国在人工智能开发方面可能比美国落后三到六个月。今年早些时候，美国商务部指出，深度求索V4 Pro
大约落后前沿模型八个月
。
业内许多人士表示，差距正在迅速缩小。上个月，开源人工智能平台Hugging Face首席执行官克莱门特·德朗格表示，就开源权重模型而言，中国正处于竞赛领先地位——而且在前沿模型方面可能也相差无几。前沿模型是最先进的人工智能工具，而开源权重模型的核心元素可公开获取，供用户下载、查看和修改。
“按照目前的进展速度，如果他们在今年年底或明年开始在前沿模型领域占据主导地位，我不会感到惊讶，”德朗格在8月3日接受美国全国广播公司财经频道采访时表示。
由考特尼·罗森与拉斐尔·萨特在华盛顿、凯伦·弗赖菲尔德在纽约、爱德华多·巴普蒂斯塔在北京报道；罗德·尼克尔编辑
AI rivalry hangs over Trump-Xi talks
2026-09-16T21:36:16.587Z / Reuters
WASHINGTON, Sept 16 (Reuters) – The race for AI supremacy is set to hang over next week’s meeting between U.S. President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping in Washington.
Washington and Beijing view advances in AI as critical to their economic and military competitiveness, but they remain at odds over access to advanced chips, allegations of technology copying and regulation of the AI industry.
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U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said he will meet Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng this weekend to discuss AI-related issues before the leaders’ summit. Here are some of the key talking points and disputes.
MILITARY ATTACKS
An AI system that interfered with a nuclear command network or launched a military cyber operation could leave either government with minutes to decide whether the other government had attacked.
U.S. and Chinese security experts are urging both governments to prepare for such scenarios. They have proposed red lines around nuclear systems, human control over consequential cyberattacks, and a hotline for incidents involving autonomous AI.
Open questions include how to stop an accident from being mistaken for an attack, which military decisions machines should never make and how nuclear-armed rivals communicate when technology behaves unexpectedly.
COPYING U.S. TECHNOLOGY
Copying U.S. technology through a technique known as “distillation” has become a flashpoint in the battle over AI model development.
Distillation is the process of training smaller AI models using output from larger, more expensive ones to lower the costs of training a new AI tool.
The U.S. government accused six Chinese companies in September of maliciously copying American AI products using distillation, with law enforcement officials saying in a statement that the firms did so “likely with Chinese government awareness.”
The U.S. made a similar accusation in April ahead of Trump’s visit to Beijing. The Chinese embassy in Washington called the allegations “baseless.” CHIP EXPORTS TO CHINA
Chinese access to key U.S. technologies underpinning the artificial intelligence boom is a point of friction between the two countries.
Since 2022, the U.S. has imposed sweeping restrictions on shipments of advanced chips and chipmaking equipment to China.
There is evidence of advanced AI chips being smuggled into the country, though the scale is unknown.
The U.S. has been considering restrictions on the ability of Chinese companies to remotely access data centers in other countries to prevent those firms from benefiting from Nvidia’s advanced chips.
There have been some exceptions to this effort. Late last year, Trump decided to allow sales of Nvidia’s H200 AI chips. H200s are not the most sophisticated chips available, but their sale prompted concerns from China hawks in Washington who argued the chips could bolster China’s AI capabilities. REGULATION
The two leaders have fundamentally different perspectives on how involved they should be in the AI sector.
Trump has brushed aside calls for new federal AI rules, saying on Monday that the U.S. only needs a strong president, which the country has “in spades.” He said calls from AI executives for regulation of the technology are a “hoax.”
The Chinese government has rules governing AI algorithms and the data used to train them, including requiring content generated by AI to be clearly labeled.
US VS. CHINA AI DEVELOPMENT RACE
The estimates U.S. officials typically give put Chinese AI models just a few months behind their American counterparts, although industry leaders increasingly describe them as neck and neck.
In 2025, then-White House AI adviser David Sacks said China was likely three to six months behind the United States on AI development. Earlier this year, the U.S. Commerce Department put DeepSeek V4 Pro
about eight months behind frontier models
.
Many in the industry say the gap is shrinking quickly. Last month, Hugging Face Chief Executive Clement Delangue said China was winning the race as far as open-weight models were concerned — and likely was not far off in terms of frontier models either. Frontier models are the most advanced AI tools and open-weight models have publicly accessible core elements that can be downloaded, inspected and modified.
“I wouldn’t be surprised if they start dominating at the frontier either by the end of this year or next year at the rate of progress,” Delangue told broadcaster CNBC on August 3.
Reporting by Courtney Rozen and Raphael Satter in Washington, Karen Freifeld in New York, Eduardo Baptista in Beijing; Editing by Rod Nickel
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