2026年9月2日 / 美国东部时间下午4:50 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
华盛顿讯——共和党提出的一项将美国最高法院大法官人数限制为9人的宪法修正案于周三在众议院遭到否决，未达到通过所需的三分之二多数支持票。
众议院就该联合决议案进行了投票，结果为212票赞成、206票反对。这项修正案由亚利桑那州共和党众议员安迪·比格斯提出，内容为“美国最高法院应由9名大法官组成，其中1名首席大法官、8名陪审大法官”。
“我们将大法官人数永久固定为9，并非因为9是个神奇数字，而是因为固定后的法院不会因任何一届当选政府而扩张，”比格斯周三在众议院辩论中说道。
修改宪法需要参众两院均获得三分之二多数票支持，随后还需得到四分之三的州批准。
本周共和党多次针对美国民主社会主义者组织（DSA）的立场发起投票，届时多名支持该组织立场的候选人有望于明年当选国会议员。周二，众议院通过一项决议，谴责“所有形式的社会主义”。
美国民主社会主义者组织的纲领呼吁将最高法院替换为“由国会选出并隶属于国会的司法机构”。近年来，包括南卡罗来纳州众议员詹姆斯·克莱伯恩在内的一些民主党人呼吁扩大最高法院规模，克莱伯恩上周日公开支持将大法官人数增至13人。
众议院议长迈克·约翰逊周二表示，将最高法院大法官人数限制为9人“至关重要”。
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“9名大法官的运作效果一直很好，”这位路易斯安那州共和党人说道，“如果走上扩充最高法院的道路，司法系统就会沦为政治秀，对国家毫无益处。”
众议院民主党领导层敦促议员投票反对该修正案，称此举将剥夺国会“又一项应由美国人民的代表行使的宪法权力”。
“本届共和党多数派已经将国会的战争权、征税和关税权以及开支权拱手让给特朗普总统，如今又要永久放弃宪法第一条赋予国会的设定最高法院大法官人数的权力，”众议院民主党党鞭、马萨诸塞州众议员凯瑟琳·克拉克向议员们发布的通知中写道。
自1789年以来，国会已7次行使宪法赋予的调整最高法院大法官总人数的权力。自1869年起，最高法院大法官席位固定为9个。
众议院司法委员会首席民主党议员、马里兰州众议员杰米·拉斯克认为，此次投票源于共和党对11月选举结果的担忧。
“特朗普在国会的追随者如今试图将特朗普及其‘让美国再次伟大’阵营打造的政治化司法体系永久固定下来，未来数十年都不会改变。因此，他们敦促我们放弃制宪者赋予我们的另一项关键权力，”拉斯克周三在众议院发言时说道。
House rejects GOP constitutional amendment to limit Supreme Court to 9 justices
September 2, 2026 / 4:50 PM EDT / CBS News
Washington— A Republican-proposed constitutional amendment to limit the Supreme Court to nine justices failed in the House on Wednesday, coming up well short of the two-thirds majority support needed for adoption.
The House voted 212 to 206 on a joint resolution to approve the amendment, which was proposed by GOP Rep. Andy Biggs of Arizona. The amendment would require that “the Supreme Court of the United States shall be composed of nine justices consisting of one chief justice and eight associate justices.”
“It fixes the number of justices at nine permanently, not because nine is a magic number, but because a fixed court cannot be expanded by whoever happens to win the next election,” Biggs said during floor debate Wednesday.
Amending the Constitution requires a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and Senate and then ratification by three-fourths of the states.
It’s the latest vote this week that Republicans are using to target the positions of the Democratic Socialists of America as several candidates who embrace its positions are poised to become members of Congress next year. On Tuesday, the House adopted a resolution condemning socialism “in all its forms.”
The DSA’s platform calls to replace the Supreme Court with a “judiciary chosen by and subordinate to Congress.” Some Democrats have called for an expansion of the Supreme Court in recent years, including Rep. James Clyburn of South Carolina, who on Sunday voiced his support for expanding the court to 13 justices.
House Speaker Mike Johnson said Tuesday that limiting the high court to nine justices is “critically important.”
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“Nine justices has worked well,” the Louisiana Republican said. “If you go down the road of packing the Supreme Court it turns into a political palooza, and it would not serve the country.”
House Democratic leadership urged members to vote against the amendment, saying it would strip Congress “of yet another constitutional authority that is meant to be controlled by the American people’s representatives.”
“This Republican majority — which has already surrendered Congressional war powers, Congressional taxing and tariff powers, and Congressional spending powers to President Trump — would now permanently relinquish the power to set the number of Supreme Court Justices, given to Congress in Article I of the Constitution,” said a notice to members from Rep. Katherine Clark of Massachusetts, the House Democratic Whip.
Since 1789, Congress has exercised its constitutional authority to change the total number of justices seven times. The court has had nine seats since 1869.
Rep. Jamie Raskin of Maryland, the top Democrat on the House Judiciary Committee, argued that the vote stems from GOP fears about the November election results.
“Trump’s followers in Congress now seek to freeze into place the political court that MAGA built, for decades to come. Thus, they urge us to give away another critical power that the framers vested in us,” Raskin said on the House floor Wednesday.
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