2026-08-05T20:06:43.798Z / 路透社
美国加利福尼亚州帕洛阿尔托，2026年5月27日，美联储理事丽莎·库克在斯坦福经济政策研究所发表讲话。路透社/安·萨菲尔/档案照片
内容提要
- 库克称若通胀不缓解，准备加息
- 库克表示经济最大风险来自通胀层面
- 库克称美联储或无需加息
纽约8月5日路透电 — 美联储理事丽莎·库克周三表示，她支持美联储可能需要上调短期利率目标，以应对美国经济中“过高”的通胀水平。
“如果通胀未能开始降温，我已准备好在必要时采取加息行动，”库克在阿拉斯加州安克雷奇举行的2026年安克雷奇经济发展公司经济午餐会上发表演讲时说道。
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库克表示，美联储任务中通胀层面的风险高于其就业市场目标的风险。如果美联储需要通过加息来应对强劲的价格压力，库克称她会权衡这一潜在举措对整体经济的影响，并指出“如果有必要压低通胀，我会支持加息。但也有可能不必如此。”
库克还表示，鉴于通胀已经持续远超2%的目标，美联储应对通胀的空间正在收窄。以个人消费支出价格指数计算，今年6月通胀率较去年同期为3.7%。
库克警告称：“通胀可能会在价格和工资制定行为中根深蒂固，导致通胀持续性更强，我们将更难应对。”她补充道：“虽然在不同的环境中，我们或许可以负担得起更长时间的等待，但在当前的环境下，我们没有这种奢侈。”
鹰派声音渐起
上周，尽管通胀压力远高于2%的目标，美联储仍选择将联邦基金利率目标区间维持在3.5%至3.75%不变，库克是投下赞成票的官员之一。
维持利率不变的决议遭到三名官员的反对，他们认为当前有必要加息以缓解价格压力。近日，纽约联储主席约翰·威廉姆斯和费城联储主席安娜·保尔森等官员都表示，必要时愿意加息。
在美联储官员近期密集的表态中，主席凯文·沃什始终拒绝就未来的利率政策提供指引，也很少谈及他制定货币政策决策的过程。
库克在谈及联邦公开市场委员会会议时表示：“我认为在我们观察通胀趋势如何发展之际，维持利率不变是恰当的。”她指出，通胀的驱动因素如关税、中东战争以及与人工智能行业相关的投资可能会缓解，这将有助于降低整体价格压力，消除加息的理由。
尽管如此，库克仍强调：“我坚定地致力于恢复价格稳定。”
这位美联储理事在演讲中还提到，消费者情绪低迷与包括通胀在内的多个因素有关。她还表示，到目前为止，“关于人工智能导致失业的最悲观预测尚未成真”，尽管相关风险依然存在。
迈克尔·S·德比报道；安德里亚·里奇与丹尼尔·沃利斯编辑
Fed’s Cook ready to raise rates if inflation doesn’t start easing
2026-08-05T20:06:43.798Z / Reuters
Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook speaks at the Stanford Institute of Economic Policy Research in Palo Alto, California, U.S., May 27, 2026. REUTERS/Ann Saphir/File Photo
Summary
Fed’s Cook ready to hike if inflation doesn’t ease
Cook says biggest economic risks are on inflation front
Cook says it may yet be that the Fed need not raise rates
NEW YORK, Aug 5 (Reuters) – Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook said on Wednesday that she’s open to the idea that the central bank may need to raise its short-term interest rate target to deal with “too high” levels of inflation in the U.S. economy.
If inflation doesn’t start to cool off “I am prepared to act by raising rates, if necessary,” Cook said in a speech delivered before the 2026 Economic Luncheon of the Anchorage Economic Development Corporation in Anchorage, Alaska.
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The risks to the inflation side of the Fed’s mandate are higher than the risks to its job market goal, Cook said. If the Fed needed to raise rates to tackle strong price pressures, Cook said she would weigh how that potential action would affect the overall economy, noting “I would support an increase, if it becomes necessary, to bring inflation down. It may not.”
Cook also said the Fed is running out of space to deal with inflation given how long it has overshot the 2% target. As measured by the personal consumption expenditures price index, inflation in June versus the same month a year before stood at 3.7%.
Cook warned “Inflation may become entrenched in price- and wage-setting behavior, leading to persistence that would be much harder for us to attack,” adding, “while we might be able to afford to wait for longer in a different environment, we do not have that luxury in this one.”
HAWKS RISING
Cook was among the officials who voted in favor last week of the central bank keeping its 3.5% to 3.75% federal funds target rate range unchanged despite inflation pressures standing well above the 2% target.
That decision to keep rates steady garnered three dissenting votes from officials who argued that a rate hike was needed now to help bring price pressures down. Over recent days, officials like New York Fed President John Williams and Philadelphia Fed leader Anna Paulson have signaled an openness to raising rates if needed.
In this active mix of Fed commentary, Chairman Kevin Warsh has steadfastly refused to provide guidance about the future of interest rate policy and has had little to say about how he reaches monetary policy decisions.
Cook said of the FOMC meeting that “I felt it was appropriate not to change rates while we see how” inflation trends shape up. She noted that drivers of inflation like tariffs, the Middle East war and investment tied to the artificial intelligence sector, may ease, which would help lower overall price pressures and obviate the case for raising interest rates.
That said, Cook noted “I am firmly committed to restoring price stability.”
The Fed governor also said in her speech that the sour mood of consumers is tied to a number of factors including inflation. She also said that thus far “the most dire predictions about AI job losses have not materialized,” even as risks remain.
Reporting by Michael S. Derby; Editing by Andrea Ricci and Daniel Wallis
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