2026年8月5日 美国东部时间上午11:33 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
作者：拉米·伊诺森西奥
随着多瑙河在其长达近1800英里、流经东欧大部分地区的河道上接连创下历史最低水位，诸多尘封往事重见天日：保加利亚境内发现的猛犸象骨骼、塞尔维亚境内沉没的纳粹战舰，以及匈牙利首都布达佩斯遗留的未爆炸二战弹药。但与此同时，匈牙利近1000万民众正面临一场能源危机。
该国唯一的核电站——帕克斯核电站已濒临完全关停。截至周三上午，该电站四座反应堆中的三座已停止运行，仅剩一座以约50%的功率维持运转。
这座建于1982年、由苏联设计的电站位于布达佩斯以南约60英里的多瑙河畔，在正常情况下可满足该国约50%的电力需求。
但如今东南亚欧地区的干旱已持续三个多月，一切早已今非昔比。
亚诺斯·库默 / 盖蒂图片社
与美国、英国、德国和法国的核电站不同——这些国家的多数核电站依托小型河流而建，并依靠巨大的沙漏形冷却塔循环冷却水——帕克斯核电站最初设计为直接从多瑙河取水。长期以来，人们一直认为这条河水量充沛，不可能出现干涸。靠近电站时，地平线上看不到标志性的哑铃状冷却塔轮廓来昭示它的存在。
“未来几天内，匈牙利这座最重要的电站能否避免全面关停，取决于多重因素，”匈牙利总理彼得·马亚尔周二视察电站时表示，他试图在正视现实的同时传递乐观情绪。
马亚尔今年春季领导蒂萨党以压倒性优势结束了维克多·欧尔班长达16年的统治，此次是他上任仅三个月后首次就此事公开表态。他呼吁全体匈牙利民众团结起来节约用电。
未来至少10天的天气预报显示几乎无降水，多瑙河水位预计还将进一步下降。
“我们仅剩几天关键期，今天和明天无疑是其中最紧要的，”马亚尔说，“我呼吁所有人继续维系全国上下已经形成的团结，按照国家的要求行事。”
马亚尔同时指出“隧道尽头已有曙光”，因为预报显示一股冷锋将于周五抵达。布达佩斯周三和周四的气温预计将超过100华氏度。
作为匈牙利最关键的基础设施，帕克斯核电站面临的关停风险是对马亚尔新政府的首次真正考验。
本周，布达佩斯已有超过300栋与政府相关的建筑被要求关灯，包括布达城堡和链子桥等热门旅游景点的浪漫射灯，在夏末日落之后也将保持熄灭状态。
据新闻网站欧 Activ 报道，为弥补发电量缺口，匈牙利通过地区电网从邻国进口的电力几乎翻了一番。匈牙利的电网是欧洲互联程度最高的电网之一，该国可轻松从邻国购电。目前政府暂时承担了差价，尚未将成本转嫁给消费者。
“电力市场稳定，供应毫无问题，”政府方面表示，同时呼吁家庭避免在下午5点至10点间使用洗衣机和烘干机，以缓解电网压力。
根据欧盟地球观测与气候监测机构哥白尼研究所的数据，欧洲是全球变暖速度最快的大陆，升温幅度是全球平均水平的两倍多。
与工业化前水平相比，欧洲的气温已上升约4.5华氏度，升温最快的地区包括东欧、部分中欧地区以及欧洲北极地区。
Record-low Danube River levels put Hungary’s only nuclear plant on brink of shutting down
August 5, 2026 11:33 AM EDT / CBS News
By
Ramy Inocencio
As the Danube River breaks new record lows across much of its nearly 1,800-mile stretch through eastern Europe, curiosities of the past — including woolly mammoth bones in Bulgaria, sunken Nazi warships in Serbia and unexploded WWII artillery in Hungary’s capital — are emerging. But there’s also an energy crisis unfolding for Hungary’s nearly 10 million people.
The country’s only nuclear power plant, known as Paks, is on the brink of completely shutting down. As of Wednesday morning, three of the plant’s four reactors are not in operation, while one continues to operate at approximately 50% power.
On normal days, the 44-year-old Soviet-designed facility, which sits on the Danube about 60 miles south of Budapest, generates roughly 50% of the country’s electricity.
But with a drought across southeast Europe now more than three months in, these are not normal days.
A view of the Paks Power Plant on July 31, 2026, in Dunaszentbenedek, Hungary. Janos Kummer / Getty Images
Unlike nuclear plants in the U.S., U.K., Germany and France — many of which sit on smaller rivers and rely on giant hourglass-shaped cooling towers to recirculate water — Paks was built to suck water in directly from the Danube, a river long assumed too mighty to run dry. Approaching the plant, there are no telltale dumb-bell silhouettes on the horizon signaling its presence.
“Several factors will determine whether Hungary’s most important power plant can avoid a complete shutdown in the coming days,” said Hungarian Prime Minister Péter Magyar, visiting the site Tuesday, attempting to balance reality while projecting optimism.
Just three months into office after his Tisza party ended Viktor Orbán’s 16-year rule in a landslide election this spring, Magyar has called on all Hungarians to unite to conserve power.
Hardly any precipitation is forecast for at least the next 10 days and the Danube’s water levels are expected to slip even lower.
“There are a few critical days left. Today and tomorrow are certainly that,” Magyar said. “I ask everyone to continue the national unity that has developed in the country. Let’s do what our country demands.”
Magyar noted there is “light at the end of the tunnel,” as forecasters predict a cold front moving in on Friday. The temperature in Budapest Wednesday and Thursday was expected to be above 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
The anxiety over Paks, Hungary’s most critical piece of infrastructure, is the first real test of Magyar’s young government.
This week, more than 300 government-linked buildings in Budapest have been ordered to turn off their lights, with the romantic spotlights on popular tourist hotspots like Buda Castle and the Chain Bridge staying dark after the late-summer sunsets.
To offset the loss of power generation, Hungary has nearly doubled its electricity imports from neighboring countries via the region’s power grid, news site Euractiv reported. Hungary’s electricity network is among Europe’s most interconnected, letting the country easily buy power from its neighbors. Costs have not hit consumers yet as the new government absorbs the difference for now.
“The electricity market is stable, and supply is problem-free,” the government said, while urging households to avoid running washing machines and tumble dryers between 5 and 10 p.m. to ease pressure on the grid.
Europe is the world’s fastest-warming continent, warming more than twice as fast as the global average, according to Copernicus, the European Union’s Earth observation and climate monitoring group.
The continent has warmed by around 4.5 degrees Fahrenheit compared to pre-industrial levels, with the fastest warming areas in eastern and parts of central Europe, as well as the European Arctic.
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