2026-09-23T10:00:29.176Z / https://www.cnn.com/2026/09/23/politics/what-does-trump-greenland-deal-military-do
据专家介绍，特朗普总统在历经数月威胁后于周二签署的格陵兰协议，仅对1951年一项条约做出小幅修改。该条约界定了美国在这片自治领土上的军事存在规模，协议将禁止非北约国家驻军，并允许美军人数小幅增加。
此前特朗普曾威胁称，如果未能达成令他满意的协议，就将强行夺取格陵兰，期间随着紧张局势升级，欧洲多国已向该领土派遣部队。
美国、丹麦和格陵兰达成的这项协议是这份已有70年历史的防务条约的补充条款。该条约原本允许美国作为北约防务的一部分在格陵兰驻军。专家表示，协议新增的主要内容包括：禁止非北约成员国在格陵兰设立军事基地、建设两处美军基地，以及确保如果格陵兰脱离丹麦独立，美国仍可使用其军事设施。
“我认为军事部署规模不会太大，但它确实扩大了我们在格陵兰本就有限的驻军规模，这也是北极地区更广泛活动版图的一部分，包括我们、加拿大在内的各方都在加大活动力度，”战略与国际研究中心国防与安全部高级顾问马克·坎西恩说道。
美国军方在格陵兰的皮塔菲克太空基地已有数十年的小规模驻军。特朗普周五曾表示，美国将“立即开始”在格陵兰建设“大规模军事设施”，但坎西恩称最终驻军人数可能不多，预计新增兵力不到50人。
坎西恩补充道，协议对非北约国家影响格陵兰的限制是对先前条约的关键修改之一，这一规定“显然针对”中国和俄罗斯。
特朗普将该协议描述为为美国获得了该领土安全的“永久控制权”，此前他曾表示，美国需要掌控该领土以维护自身安全。协议提及了特朗普计划中的“金穹顶”导弹防御系统，但该项目距离建成仍有多年时间。
随着海冰消融，可通航航道的出现可能重塑全球贸易格局，美国和其他国家正日益关注北极地区。
“你可以说，仅仅因为这种充满挑战的政治环境，格陵兰问题就已经对北极安全造成了大量破坏，”拜登政府时期负责北极与全球韧性事务的前国防部副助理部长艾里斯·弗格森告诉CNN，“但我认为，这项协议确实朝着推进共同目标的正确方向迈进。”
弗格森解释道，新协议包含一项保障条款：如果格陵兰脱离丹麦独立，美国仍可使用其军事设施——这一问题在旧条约中“长期困扰”各方。
弗格森还补充道，美国将设立基地的两处地点——纳萨尔苏瓦克和梅斯特斯维格——需要进行大规模基础设施投资，不仅要容纳人员，还要在恶劣环境中妥善保护装备。
“我认为，如果没有那些夸张言论，很多这类协议本会得到各方全心全意的认可，”弗格森说道，“话虽如此，考虑到当时的情况，我认为这已经是你能期望达成的最好协议了。”
北约秘书长马克·吕特在社交媒体帖子中表示，“很高兴看到协议签署”。
“我们清楚面临的威胁，加强北极和北大西洋的安全对欧洲和北美都至关重要，”吕特说道，“这项协议，再加上北约在保卫这一关键地区方面日益增强的作用，将增强我们的集体安全，为我们所有人打造一个更安全、更稳定的未来。”
参议院外交关系委员会资深成员、来自新罕布什尔州的民主党参议员珍妮·沙欣在协议签署后发表声明，批评特朗普在达成协议前发出的威胁。
“在数月威胁我们的北约盟友丹麦、无视格陵兰人民的意愿之后，特朗普总统达成了一份‘协议’，实质上让美格防务关系回到了此前的状态，”她说道。
Trump’s Greenland deal brings small changes, experts say, after months of turmoil
2026-09-23T10:00:29.176Z / https://www.cnn.com/2026/09/23/politics/what-does-trump-greenland-deal-military-do
The Greenland deal signed by President Donald Trump on Tuesday after months of threats appears to make small changes to a 1951 treaty that frames the US military’s footprint on the self-governing territory, according to experts, keeping non-NATO countries out and permitting a small uptick in US forces.
Trump had threatened to forcibly take Greenland if he did not find a deal to his liking, with European nations sending troops to the territory as tensions simmered.
The agreement between the US, Denmark, and Greenland serves as a supplement to the 70-year-old defense treaty that gave the US permission to station troops in Greenland as part of NATO’s defense. Among the primary additions are a prohibition of non-NATO members basing forces in Greenland, the building of two US bases, and an assurance of US military access if Greenland becomes independent from Denmark, experts said.
“I don’t think the military presence is going to be all that large, but it does increase our very modest presence in Greenland and is part of a much broader tableau of activities in the Arctic and expanding activities by everybody, including us, including the Canadians,” Mark Cancian, a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies Defense and Security Department said.
The US military has had a small footprint at the Pituffik Space Base in Greenland for decades. And while President Trump said Friday that the US would “immediately begin” building out a “large military presence” in Greenland, Cancian said the final number of forces could be modest, pegging the total addition at under 50 troops.
The deal’s restrictions on non-NATO countries’ influence over Greenland, one of the key changes to the prior treaty, is “clearly aimed” at China and Russia, Cancian added.
Trump has framed the agreement as providing “permanent control over security” of the territory after previously saying that the US needed control over the country in order to maintain its own security. The agreement references Trump’s planned “Golden Dome” missile defense system, though that program remains years away from being built.
The US and other countries have turned increasing attention to the Arctic as icepacks have thinned, creating now navigable waterways that could shape global trade.
“You could argue that this Greenland issue has caused a lot of damage to Arctic security just because of the challenging political environment,” Iris Ferguson, the former deputy assistant secretary of defense for Arctic and global resilience under the Biden administration, told CNN. “But I think that this agreement really pushes in the right direction towards advancing common goals.”
The new agreement includes an assurance of US’ access if Greenland becomes independent of Denmark — an issue that “had long festered” with the old agreement, Ferguson explained.
Ferguson also added that there would need to be significant infrastructure investment done at the two locations where the US will establish bases — Narsarsuaq and Mestersvig — to not only house people but appropriately protect equipment in the harsh environment.
“I think all a lot of this stuff would have been agreed to pretty wholeheartedly without some of the rhetoric,” Ferguson said. “But that being said, I think that this is as good of an agreement as you could have hoped for, given the circumstances.”
Mark Rutte, secretary general of NATO, said in a social media post that it is “great to see the deal signed.”
“We know the threats we face, and greater security in the Arctic and North Atlantic is essential for Europe and North America alike,” Rutte said. “This agreement, along with NATO’s growing role in securing this vital region, enhances our collective security and supports a safer and more stable future for us all.”
Democratic Sen. Jeanne Shaheen of New Hampshire, who is the ranking member on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, issued a statement after the deal was signed criticizing Trump’s threats ahead of the agreement.
“After months of threatening our NATO Ally Denmark and disregarding the will of the Greenlandic people, President Trump has reached a ‘deal’ that essentially returns the US-Greenland defense relationship to where it was before,” she said.