2026年9月30日 / 美国东部时间上午7:53 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
奥马尔·阿卜杜勒卡德尔 报道
美国军方周三宣布结束其在伊拉克境内的打击“伊斯兰国”行动，称根据此前与伊拉克政府达成的协议，所有美国领导的联军部队和装备已从该国北部的一个关键基地撤离。
美国国防部发言人肖恩·帕内尔在一份声明中表示：“联军部队和装备有序撤离埃尔比尔空军基地，标志着在伊拉克击败‘伊斯兰国’的军事任务圆满完成。这一里程碑反映了长达12年的战役成果，我们已击败‘伊斯兰国’在伊拉克及整个地区的有组织军事威胁。这也标志着我们将从战时联军任务，过渡到由伊拉克主导的安全行动，双方将建立更正常的双边安全关系。”
美军于2014年发起“坚定决心行动”，以打击“伊斯兰国”。该恐怖组织脱胎于伊拉克基地组织残余势力，并在美国领导的行动发起前数年，夺取了伊拉克及邻近叙利亚的大片领土。
2026年9月29日，伊拉克北部埃尔比勒的埃尔比勒国际机场。哈立德·穆西利/路透社
据官员当时透露，截至今年2月，伊拉克境内约有2000名美军人员。相比之下，2000年代末“增兵行动”巅峰时期，美国在伊服役人员超过16万——那次任务旨在推翻伊拉克总统萨达姆·侯赛因政权，并应对持续数年的内战。
作为打击“伊斯兰国”任务的一部分，美军曾在伊拉克和叙利亚两地部署。今年早些时候，在叙利亚部署数年的约1500名美军已全部撤离。
结束该行动的协议是美伊数年前达成的，其中规定两国将过渡到更常态化的双边关系。在2024年的联合协议中，美伊两国宣布将于2025年结束打击“伊斯兰国”多国联军，并预计于2026年底结束“坚定决心行动”。
该行动已将“伊斯兰国”赶出所有可控的大片领土，但这并不意味着“伊斯兰国”已被彻底消灭。据美国中央司令部消息，2025年12月，两名美军士兵和一名翻译在“伊斯兰国”袭击中身亡，美军随后以空袭进行报复。
近年来，伊朗支持的民兵组织在伊拉克境内多次袭击美军，自美国与以色列联合发起针对伊朗的持续战争以来，这一威胁愈发突出。据五角大楼统计，2026年2月至4月间，伊朗关联的民兵组织针对美国公民和设施发动了超过600次袭击。
据五角大楼的一份会议纪要显示，美国国防部长皮特·赫格西特7月在五角大楼与伊拉克总理阿里·扎伊迪会晤时谈及了这些袭击。双方讨论了从“全球打击‘伊斯兰国’联盟”向双边关系过渡的事宜，赫格西特在纪要中承诺将于9月30日前结束“坚定决心行动”。
扎伊迪此前曾承诺解除伊拉克境内伊朗支持的民兵武装。他本周在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示，这些组织预计将于2027年6月前解散，最初设定的解散期限为2026年9月。
2026年9月22日，伊拉克埃尔比勒市郊，库尔德特种部队巡逻。哈立德·穆西利/路透社
帕内尔在周三上午的声明中表示：“我们期望伊拉克安全部队，包括库尔德武装‘自由战士’以及伊拉克库尔德地区的其他安全部队，继续领导保障伊拉克安全、压制‘伊斯兰国’残余势力的行动。”他补充称，美军将“继续为伊拉克伙伴提供针对性训练和情报支持”。
他说：“应对伊拉克当前剩余安全挑战的主要责任，包括打击‘伊斯兰国’残余势力以及破坏伊拉克主权和地区稳定的亲伊朗民兵组织，如今已落在伊拉克政府肩上。美国仍致力于反恐事业，将继续与伊拉克及其他伙伴合作，确保‘伊斯兰国’无法在伊拉克领土上重新集结。”
伊拉克能否管控伊朗代理人？
始于2003年入侵伊拉克的美军海外部署正式结束，巴格达政府对此表示庆祝，并宣布将9月30日定为“主权日”。今年，当地将迎来为期三天的全国假期，政府已号召全国范围内开展庆祝活动。
周三，社交媒体上广泛流传的视频显示，美军车队正将埃尔比勒基地的装备运出。
伊拉克总理府发言人萨巴赫·努曼在接受伊拉克国家通讯社采访时坚称，伊拉克安全部队完全有能力维护全国的和平与稳定。
但美国这次早有规划的撤军，正值伊拉克及整个地区局势高度动荡之际。美伊战争正处于关键节点，尽管双方进行了隐秘外交，特朗普总统仍警告可能发动新的打击。许多伊拉克人仍对该国极端组织可能死灰复燃深感担忧，同时也担忧长期在伊拉克部分地区拥有重大影响力的伊朗支持民兵组织势力进一步扩张。
尽管政府公开表示乐观，多个宗教和少数族裔群体仍对中央政府能否独自管控这些武装力量存有严重疑虑。
“大多数伊拉克人怀疑安全和军事机构能否维持国内安全，无论是防范外部侵略和袭击，还是镇压不受政府管控的境内武装团体活动，”记者兼地区政治分析师萨曼·诺亚周三对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻表示。
他说：“鉴于过往经验证明政府无法将这些[伊朗支持的]组织置于国家决策之下，无法管控其行为，也无法追究其成员的责任，这种怀疑尤其普遍。”
诺亚表示，部分担忧源于伊拉克政府缺乏足够的防空能力“以保护国家领空”，以及该国依赖美国武器装备——一旦两国发生争端，这些武器的维护乃至运作都可能陷入停滞。
伊拉克政府未能兑现最初解除伊朗支持民兵武装的期限，以及担忧这些组织可能将伊拉克拖入支持德黑兰的更大范围地区冲突，这些都加剧了民众的担忧。
2017年资料照片，伊拉克摩苏尔，库尔德“自由战士”士兵站在一辆美军军车旁。哥伦比亚广播公司新闻/奥马尔·阿卜杜勒卡德尔
伊拉克库尔德人及其“自由战士”武装自1991年第一次海湾战争以来一直是美国的亲密盟友，过去35年间双方多次开展合作。他们在2003年加入美国领导的国际联军，推翻萨达姆·侯赛因政权，并在十多年后与联军部队并肩作战，将“伊斯兰国”赶出其在该地区的大规模据点。
如今，他们对伊拉克的未来以及伊朗结盟的民兵组织试图扩大影响力的前景愈发感到担忧。
“我们曾与美国盟友并肩作战，为该地区带来和平与稳定，”库尔德地区政府总理高级顾问诺雷丁·韦西说。“为消除库尔德民众的疑虑，我们认为库尔德地区必须成为两国间双边谅解备忘录的核心组成部分。”
塔克·里亚尔斯对本文亦有贡献。
U.S. military declares end of anti-ISIS Operation Inherent Resolve in Iraq
September 30, 2026 / 7:53 AM EDT / CBS News
By Omar Abdulkader
The U.S. military declared an end to its Iraq-based anti-ISIS operation Wednesday, saying all U.S.-led coalition forces and equipment had been withdrawn from a key base in the north of the country in line with an agreement reached previously with the Iraqi government.
“The orderly departure of Coalition forces and equipment from Erbil Air Base marks the successful conclusion of the military mission that defeated ISIS in Iraq,” Department of Defense spokesman Sean Parnell said in a statement. “This milestone reflects the success of a 12-year campaign that defeated ISIS as an organized military threat in Iraq and across the region. It also marks a transition from a wartime coalition mission to an Iraqi-led security effort supported by a more normal bilateral security relationship.”
The U.S. military launched Operation Inherent Resolve in 2014 to confront ISIS, the terrorist group that grew out of the remnants of al-Qaeda in Iraq and seized vast portions of Iraq and neighboring Syria in the years immediately preceding the U.S.-led operation.
Erbil International Airport in Erbil, northern Iraq, on Sept. 29, 2026. Khalid Al-Mousily/REUTERS
Roughly 2,000 Americans were present in Iraq as of February, officials said at the time. By comparison, more than 160,000 U.S. service members were in the country at the peak of the late 2000s “surge” under Operation Iraqi Freedom — a prior mission to topple Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and grapple with a years-long civil war.
As part of the anti-ISIS mission, U.S. troops have served in both Iraq and Syria. The roughly 1,500 troops that had been in Syria for a number of years withdrew earlier this year.
The end of the mission was agreed upon several years ago between the U.S. and Iraq in a plan that prescribed a transition to a more bilateral relationship between the two countries. In the 2024 joint agreement, Iraq and the U.S. announced the end of the multi-country coalition to defeat ISIS by 2025, and the expected end of the Inherent Resolve mission by the end of 2026.
The mission has pushed ISIS from controlling any significant territory, but it doesn’t mean ISIS ceases to exist. In December 2025, two U.S. soldiers and a translator were killed in an ISIS attack, according to the U.S. military’s Central Command. The U.S. retaliated with airstrikes.
American troops have been targeted by Iran-backed militias inside Iraq in recent years, a threat that has grown more pronounced since the U.S. and Israel jointly launched the ongoing war against Iran. According to the Pentagon, militias affiliated with Iran launched more than 600 attacks against U.S. citizens and facilities between February and April 2026.
Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth addressed the attacks in a July meeting at the Pentagon with Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi, according to a Pentagon readout. They discussed the transition from the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS to a bilateral relationship, and Hegseth, according to the readout, committed to ending Inherent Resolve by Sept. 30.
Al-Zaidi has promised to disarm the Iran-backed militias in Iraq. He told The New York Times this week the groups are expected to be disbanded by June 2027, after initially setting a September 2026 deadline.
Kurdish special forces patrol on the outskirts of Erbil, Iraq, Sept. 22, 2026. Khalid Al-Mousily/REUTERS
“We expect the Iraqi Security Forces, including the Peshmerga [Kurdish forces] and other security forces in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, to lead the continuing effort to secure Iraq and keep ISIS remnants suppressed,” Parnell said in his Wednesday morning statement, adding that the U.S. military would “continue to provide targeted training and intelligence support to our Iraqi partners.”
“The primary responsibility for addressing Iraq’s remaining security challenges, including ISIS remnants and Iran-aligned militias that undermine Iraqi sovereignty and regional stability, now rests with the Government of Iraq,” he said. “The United States remains committed to counterterrorism and will continue to work with Iraq and our partners to ensure ISIS can never reconstitute from Iraqi territory.”
Can Iraq control Iran’s proxies?
The formal end of the U.S. military deployment in Iraq that began with the 2003 invasion was celebrated by the government in Baghdad, which declared Sept. 30, “Sovereignty Day.” This year, it will begin a three-day national holiday, and the government has called for nationwide celebrations.
Videos circulated widely on social media Wednesday showed military convoys transporting U.S. equipment out of the Erbil base.
Speaking to the national Iraqi News Agency, Sabah al-Numan, a spokesperson for the prime minister, insisted that the nation’s security forces were fully capable of maintaining peace and stability across the country.
But the long-planned U.S. withdrawal comes at a highly volatile moment for Iraq and the region. With the U.S.-Iran war at a critical juncture as President Trump warns of possible new strikes despite furtive diplomacy, many Iraqis remain deeply concerned about a potential resurgence of extremist groups in the country, as well as the expanding influence of the Iran-backed militias that have long held significant power in parts of Iraq.
Despite the government’s public optimism, several religious and ethnic minority groups harbor serious doubt about the central government’s ability to keep those forces in check on its own.
“The majority of Iraqis doubt the ability of the security and military apparatus to maintain security in the country, whether regarding the prevention of external aggressions and attacks or internal movements by armed groups operating outside state control of the government,” journalist and regional political analyst Saman Noah told CBS News on Wednesday.
That is “especially true given that experience has proven the government’s inability to subject these [Iran-backed] groups to state decision-making, control their behavior or hold their members accountable,” he said.
Noah said some of the concern stemmed from the Iraqi government’s lack of adequate air defenses “to protect the country’s airspace, as well as the reliance on American weaponry — whose maintenance, and consequently operation, could cease in the event of any dispute.”
Those concerns have only been heightened by the government’s failure to meet its own initial deadline to disarm the Iran-backed factions, and concern that such groups could draw Iraq into the broader regional conflict in support of Tehran.
Kurdish Peshmerga fighters are seen next to a U.S. military vehicle in Mosul, Iraq, in a 2017 file photo. CBS News/Omar Abdulkader
The Kurds in Iraq and their Peshmerga forces have been close allies of the United States since the first Gulf War in 1991, partnering on numerous occasions over the past 35 years. They joined the U.S.-led international coalition to depose Saddam Hussein’s regime in 2003, and more than a decade later they fought with coalition forces to deprive ISIS of its massive foothold in the region.
They have become increasingly concerned about Iraq’s future and the prospect of Iran-allied militias seeking to expand their influence.
“We fought side by side with our American allies to bring peace and stability to the region,” said Noreldin Waisy, a senior adviser to the Kurdistan Regional Government’s prime minister. “To eliminate any doubt among the Kurdish people, we believe the Kurdistan Region must remain an essential part of the bilateral Memorandum of Understanding between the two countries.”
Tucker Reals contributed to this report.