2026年8月21日 / 美国东部时间上午9:54 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
伊朗议会于本周初通过一项决议，将加重对以任何方式与外国媒体机构、组织或个人接触的伊朗人的处罚。
据伊朗官方媒体报道，如果该法案如预期般获得更高层当局批准，那么任何与美国媒体机构、外国使馆或机构的接触——无论发生在伊朗境内还是境外——都可能使伊朗人面临最高两年监禁，除非他们事先获得伊朗外交部的明确书面许可。
伊朗目前已有极为严苛的法律，禁止向流亡海外、受外国支持的伊朗媒体机构发送信息，例如伊朗国际电视台，以及由美英政府资助的波斯语美国之音和波斯语英国广播公司。但新法案将进一步收紧限制，对伊朗人与外国人——尤其是外国媒体——的任何书面或口头接触施以广泛处罚。
该法案还将禁止与外国实体相关的教育和研究活动，任何被认定参与“不符合伊朗文化”活动的人员可能面临10年监禁。
伊朗伊斯兰共和国的神职人员领导层自1979年掌权以来，一直极度担忧外国渗透和影响，尤其是来自美国和以色列的。
据大赦国际5月的一份报告显示，在2025年6月美国参与的以色列发动的为期12天的战争结束后，伊朗政权变得更加偏执，逮捕了数十人，并处决了一些被指控向境外实体发送视频的人员。
德黑兰大学政治学硕士研究生马尔詹（她拒绝透露全名）在电话采访中告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，她曾在2025年6月战争爆发前为多家国内新闻机构工作，但如今她避免在任何媒体机构前露面，所有评论都匿名发布。
“在阿亚图拉·穆赫塔巴·哈梅内伊的新领导下，伊朗正走向朝鲜化，”她说道，此处她指的是由金正恩领导的威权政权。“我认为穆赫塔巴比他的父亲更加强硬和封闭，国家将变成一个完全受限且孤立的国家。”
伊朗社会各阶层的许多人都抱有同样的担忧，但很少有人敢于表达。
一名要求匿名的前政府雇员告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻：“新法案划定的界限令所有伊朗人深感担忧。在移动检查站，手机会被搜查，使用WhatsApp或其他即时通讯应用等基础应用程序都可能惹上麻烦。”
“为了避免与政府机构产生技术和安全问题，许多伊朗人现在转而使用鲁比卡或卡谢夫等国内替代应用程序，”这名男子同样通过电话发表言论，并补充道，这类选择反而“让安全机构更容易监视伊朗人”。
然而，这个国家存在严重分歧，政权也拥有众多支持者。
担任伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队高级军官叶海亚·拉希姆萨法维顾问的学者穆罕马迪亚瑟·埃尔沙德曼esh教授告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，该法案是必要的“响应国家迫切需要，统一法律监管工具，以识别破坏伊朗利益的个人和群体”。
他援引“外国情报机构干预的过往经验，包括摩萨德、中央情报局、军情六处及其他机构”，并表示新法律将“为保护我国人民和机构的安全清晰划定界限”。
“将与外国人合作定为刑事犯罪，实际上将极大助力伊朗的内部和国家安全，”他说道。
据路透社报道，近期摄影师亚尔达·莫艾里被伊朗不透明的司法系统判处15年监禁，罪名是向与美国和以色列相关的组织提供美以空袭目标区域的照片，以及向被视为敌视伊朗的媒体机构接受采访。
根据伊朗宪法，议会通过的所有法案都需要获得监护委员会批准，并由专家会议审查才能正式生效。
议会周日通过的这项法案被广泛预期将获得最终批准，因为持续的战争增强了伊朗执政神职人员对这类社会限制措施的支持。
奥马尔·阿卜杜勒卡德对本报道亦有贡献。
Iran set to impose even harsher punishment for any contact with foreign media
August 21, 2026 / 9:54 AM EDT / CBS News
Iran’s parliament passed a resolution early this week that would increase punishments for Iranians who interact in any way with foreign media outlets, organizations or individuals.
If the legislation is approved by higher authorities as expected, any contact with U.S. media entities, foreign embassies or institutions — whether it takes place inside or outside Iran — could land an Iranian in prison for up to two years unless they first obtain explicit written permission from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, according to state media.
There are already very strict laws in Iran against sending information to exiled, foreign-backed Iranian media outlets, such as Iran International, or the U.S. and U.K. government-funded VOA Farsi and BBC Farsi. But the new legislation would go further, imposing extensive punishment on Iranians for any written or verbal contact with foreigners — especially foreign media.
The legislation would also ban educational and research activities linked to foreign entities, with a possible 10-year prison sentence for any person found to be involved in activities deemed “incompatible with Iranian culture.”
A woman walks next to a banner with a picture of Iran’s Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei, on a street in Tehran, Iran, Aug. 13, 2026. Majid Asgaripour/WANA/REUTERS
Iran’s Islamic Republic clerical leaders have, since rising to power in 1979, been extremely concerned about foreign infiltration and influence, especially by the U.S. and Israel.
After the 12-day war launched by Israel in June 2025, which the U.S. joined, the regime became even more paranoid, jailing dozens of people and executing some accused of sending video to outside entities, according to a May report by Amnesty International.
Marjan, a student working toward her political science master’s degree at Tehran University, who declined to give her full name, told CBS News in a phone interview that she used to work for some domestic news outlets before the June 2025 war, but that she now refrains from showing her face to any media organizations, and keeps all of her commentary anonymous.
“Iran under the new leadership of Ayatollah Mojtaba Khamenei is going toward North Koreanization,” she said, referring to the authoritarian regime led by Kim Jong Un. “I think Mojtaba is much more hard-line and closed-minded than his father, and the country will become a completely restricted and isolated country.”
Many people across Iranian society share her concerns, but few dare to voice them.
“The boundaries set by the new legislation are a serious concern for all Iranians,” a former government employee who asked for anonymity told CBS News. “Using basic applications like WhatsApp or other messaging apps could get you into trouble if stopped at mobile checkpoints, where phones are searched.”
“To avoid technical and security problems with governmental agencies, many Iranians are now switching to domestic alternatives like Rubika or Kasheef,” the man said, also speaking by phone, adding the caveat that such options make “it even easier for the security apparatus to spy on Iranians.”
Armed police men from a special unit stand on the corner of Revolution Square, March 28, 2026, in Tehran, Iran. Kaveh Kazemi/Getty
It is a deeply divided country, however, and the regime does have many supporters.
Professor Mohamadyaser Ershadmanesh, a scholar who works as an adviser to senior Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps officer Yahya Rahimsafavi, told CBS News the legislation was a necessary “response to the country’s urgent need for consistency in legal monitoring tools to identify individuals and groups who work” against Iran’s interests.
He cited “the previous experience of foreign intelligence organizations’ interventions, including Mossad, CIA, MI6 and others,” and said the new law would “clearly define a good boundary for security and protection for our people and our institutions.”
“Criminalizing cooperation with foreigners will actually be a great help to Iran’s internal and national security,” he said.
Recently, photographer Yalda Moaiery was sentenced to 15 years in prison after being convicted by Iran’s opaque judiciary system of providing photographs of areas targeted by U.S.-Israeli strikes to organizations linked to the U.S. and Israel, as well as giving interviews to media outlets deemed hostile to Iran, according to the Reuters news agency.
Under Iran’s constitution, all legislation passed by the parliament requires approval from the Guardian Council and review by the Expediency Discernment Council to become law.
The bill passed Sunday by the parliament is widely expected to gain final approval, however, as the ongoing war has bolstered support for such societal restrictions among Iran’s ruling clerics.
Omar Abdulkader contributed to this report.