By John Kruzel
2026年3月2日 上午11:02 UTC 更新于1小时前
一名男子在2024年5月17日于美国德克萨斯州达拉斯举行的年度全国步枪协会(NRA)会议上试用手枪。路透社/ Shelby Tauber/资料图片 购买许可权，在新标签页打开
- 下级法院以第二修正案为由驳回了该法律
- 案件涉及美籍巴基斯坦双重公民阿里·赫马尼
- 亨特·拜登曾根据本案所涉法律被指控
华盛顿，3月2日（路透社） – 美国最高法院定于周一听取唐纳德·特朗普总统政府为一项禁止非法药物使用者拥有枪支的法律进行辩护的请求，这是对美国宪法第二修正案”持有和携带武器”权利的又一次考验。
司法部已就下级法院以第二修正案为由驳回对美籍巴基斯坦双重公民、德克萨斯州居民阿里·赫马尼非法持枪指控的裁决提起上诉。赫马尼告诉当局，他是一名定期使用大麻的人。
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本案涉及的枪支限制导致2024年亨特·拜登被定罪，同年他获得了父亲、时任总统乔·拜登的赦免。检察官指控总统之子在2018年购买柯尔特眼镜蛇手枪时谎称自己使用毒品。
2023年，在联邦调查局突击搜查赫马尼与其父母在登顿县的住所后，他被指控。特工在搜查中发现了一把格洛克9毫米手枪、大麻和可卡因。赫马尼称自己大约每隔一天使用一次大麻，尽管当局在搜查时并未指控他处于醉酒状态。
司法部在法庭文件中称，赫马尼的行为引起了联邦调查局的注意，理由是他前往伊朗以及他兄弟在伊朗一所大学就读。但赫马尼的起诉书仅包含一项指控，依据是1968年《枪支管制法》，该法规定，任何”非法使用或沉溺于任何受管制物质的人”不得持有枪支。
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非法药物根据另一部名为《美国受管制物质法》的法律分为不同层级，即所谓的”时间表”。大麻与海洛因、摇头丸和佩奥特掌同列为第一类物质，这意味着它具有高滥用潜力且无医疗价值，尽管特朗普在12月签署了一项行政命令，指示司法部长迅速推进大麻重新分类工作。
赫马尼要求驳回指控，称该法律侵犯了他的第二修正案权利。他还援引了最高法院在2022年的一项裁决中设定的严格测试标准，要求枪支法律必须”符合美国历史上的枪支管制传统”，才能符合第二修正案的规定。
总部位于新奥尔良的美国第五巡回上诉法院在1月份驳回了非法持枪指控，裁定”没有历史依据解除一名目前未受影响的清醒公民的武装”。
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特朗普政府向最高法院提起上诉，敦促大法官们采纳一项规则，允许对”习惯性非法药物使用者”提起非法持枪指控。政府称，这项限制在历史上与19世纪允许当局暂时解除”习惯性酗酒者”武装的法律类似。
得到美国公民自由联盟(ACLU)支持的赫马尼的律师在法庭文件中辩称，定期使用大麻的人与这类法律中的”习惯性酗酒者”并不相同。他们还辩称，法律中对”非法使用者”的模糊表述不符合宪法，因为下级法院”难以确定使用频率、持续时间和使用量必须达到何种程度”。
在一个因持续的枪支暴力（包括频繁发生的大规模枪击事件）而严重分裂的国家，最高法院通常对第二修正案的保护持宽泛态度，包括在2008年、2010年和2022年的重大裁决中。
拥有6:3保守派多数的最高法院在1月份听取了另一起重要的第二修正案案件的辩论。法院的保守派大法官对夏威夷州一项限制在未经所有者许可的情况下在向公众开放的私人财产（如大多数企业）上携带手枪的法律表示怀疑。
报道：John Kruzel；编辑：Will Dunham
我们的标准：汤森路透信托原则，在新标签页打开。
US Supreme Court scrutinizes gun ownership ban for illegal drug users
By John Kruzel
March 2, 2026 11:02 AM UTC Updated 1 hour ago
A person tries out a handgun during the annual National Rifle Association (NRA) meeting in Dallas, Texas, U.S., May 17, 2024. REUTERS/Shelby Tauber/File Photo Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
- Lower court ruled against law on Second Amendment grounds
- Case involves dual American-Pakistani citizen Ali Hemani
- Hunter Biden was charged under law at issue in this case
WASHINGTON, March 2 (Reuters) – The U.S. Supreme Court is set on Monday to hear a bid by President Donald Trump’s administration to defend a law barring users of illegal drugs from owning guns in another test of the U.S. Constitution’s Second Amendment right to “keep and bear arms.”
The Justice Department has appealed a lower court’s decision to dismiss on Second Amendment grounds an illegal gun possession charge against Ali Hemani, an American-Pakistani dual citizen and resident of Texas who told authorities he was a regular marijuana user.
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The gun restriction at issue led to a 2024 conviction of Hunter Biden, who later that year received a pardon from his father, then-President Joe Biden. Prosecutors had accused the president’s son of lying about his use of narcotics in 2018 when he purchased a Colt Cobra handgun.
Hemani was charged in 2023 following an FBI raid of the home he shared with his parents in Denton County in which agents found a Glock 9mm pistol, marijuana and cocaine. Hemani said he used marijuana about every other day, though authorities did not accuse him of being intoxicated at the time of the search.
The Justice Department said in court papers that Hemani’s actions had drawn FBI attention, citing his travel to Iran and his brother’s attendance at an Iranian university. But Hemani’s indictment contained only the single charge, under a 1968 federal law called the Gun Control Act that makes possession of a firearm illegal for anyone who “is an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance.”
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Illegal drugs are grouped by tiers, known as “schedules,” under another law called the U.S. Controlled Substances Act. Marijuana is listed as a Schedule I substance alongside heroin, ecstasy and peyote, implying it has high potential for abuse and no medical value, though Trump signed an executive order in December instructing his attorney general to quickly move ahead with reclassifying marijuana.
Hemani moved to dismiss his charge, arguing it violated his Second Amendment rights. He also cited the stringent test the Supreme Court set in a 2022 decision requiring that gun laws be “consistent with the nation’s historical tradition of firearm regulation” in order to comport with the Second Amendment.
The New Orleans-based 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in January dismissed the illegal gun possession charge, ruling that “there is no historical justification for disarming a sober citizen not presently under an impairing influence.”
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Trump’s administration appealed to the Supreme Court, urging the justices to adopt a rule that would allow illegal gun possession charges to be brought against “habitual users” of unlawful drugs. The administration said the restriction was historically similar to laws from the 1800s allowing authorities to temporarily disarm “habitual drunkards.”
Lawyers for Hemani, who is backed by the ACLU, in court papers argued that regular marijuana users were not akin to the “habitual drunkards” of such laws. They also argued that the law’s undefined reference to an “unlawful user” is unconstitutionally vague, with lower courts left “struggling to determine how frequent, prolonged, and substantial use must be.”
In a nation deeply divided over how to address persistent firearms violence including frequent mass shootings, the Supreme Court often has taken an expansive view of Second Amendment protections including in major rulings in 2008, 2010 and 2022.
The court, which has a 6-3 conservative majority, in January heard arguments in another important Second Amendment case. The court’s conservative justices signaled skepticism toward a Hawaii law that restricts the carrying of handguns on private property open to the public, like most businesses, without the owner’s permission.
Reporting by John Kruzel; Editing by Will Dunham
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