2026年3月13日 17:03 UTC / 路透社
作者：Arathy Somasekhar 和 Nicole Jao
（路透社档案照片）
- 加州现在更依赖来自亚洲的高价燃料进口
- 西海岸炼油厂占美国从中东进口原油的约50%
- 亚洲需求导致替代原油价格飙升
休斯顿，3月13日（路透社） – 由于几个独特因素，加州的燃料成本上涨速度远超美国其他地区。据预测，伊朗战争的影响将使加州的汽油价格达到每加仑10美元，航空燃油价格在两周内暴涨47%。
加州规定的汽油混合配方和缺乏管道运输能力使其与美国其他市场隔离开来，这使得该州严重依赖从亚洲进口的能源。而霍尔木兹海峡的关闭进一步加剧了这一情况。
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加州消费者已经面临美国最高的汽油价格，而痛苦还在继续。
能源经济学家菲利普·韦尔莱格（Philip Verleger）在一份报告中写道：”美国西海岸将成为伊朗袭击后果的典型案例。”他补充说，加州司机很快可能面临汽油和柴油短缺，价格可能超过每加仑10美元的前所未有的水平。
过去一个月，加州普通汽油平均价格飙升超过18%。美国汽车协会（AAA）数据显示，周五油价达到每加仑5.42美元，远高于全国平均的3.63美元。主要航空枢纽洛杉矶的航空燃油价格自中东冲突开始以来已飙升47%，达到约每加仑3.85美元。
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韦尔莱格补充说，如果向该地区出口燃料的国家限制或禁止供应以保护国内市场，西海岸各州需要将汽油和柴油使用量减少20%。
易受供应冲击影响
加州曾是美国主要产油州，但近年来随着一些炼油厂关闭或转为生产可再生燃料（由于向化石燃料转型），该州越来越依赖原油和燃料进口。一些分析师警告称，这种依赖使加州更容易受到供应冲击。
中东原油短缺迫使中国、韩国和印度的炼油厂减产，一些企业宣布不可抗力——这是一种允许公司在紧急情况下暂停交付的法律措施。包括中国和泰国在内的一些国家已暂停燃料出口。
船舶追踪公司Kpler的数据显示，美国西海岸去年进口了创纪录的128,000桶/日的汽油和添加剂，大部分来自韩国和印度。加州还进口了约54,000桶/日的航空燃油，其中近三分之一来自韩国。
Energy Aspects炼油部门负责人兰迪·赫尔布伦（Randy Hurburun）表示，韩国的进口量将暂时枯竭，邻近的华盛顿州也没有太多闲置的炼油产能。
Kpler数据显示，西海岸炼油厂还进口了约230,000桶/日的中东石油，占美国从中东进口原油的约50%。
加州原油进口来源
炼油厂现在必须寻找替代原油，这将使成本更高。由于全球炼油厂争抢足够的石油，重质原油价格飙升。
Kpler分析师马特·史密斯（Matt Smith）表示：”西海岸炼油厂从中东进口的所有原油都面临风险。”他补充说，炼油厂将被迫从加拿大或拉丁美洲购买原油。
美国能源信息署（EIA）数据显示，雪佛龙公司（CVX.N）旗下的里士满和埃尔塞贡多炼油厂以及马拉松石油公司（MPC.N）的洛杉矶工厂是2025年加州最大的原油进口商。
马拉松石油公司发言人表示，该公司正在履行所有合同义务，但拒绝对原油采购或炼油情况置评。雪佛龙发言人也拒绝评论日常运营，但表示炼油厂继续向该地区客户供应燃料。
替代方案有限
由于亚洲强劲的需求，替代原油的供应也受到限制。
Kpler的史密斯指出，由于加拿大Trans Mountain管道的限制以及中国买家的需求，西海岸炼油厂最多只能获得约50万桶加拿大石油。亚洲炼油厂也可能尝试从厄瓜多尔或圭亚那购买更多拉美原油。
“目前美国西海岸炼油厂的增量供应并不多，”史密斯说。
Rystad的贝尔表示，西海岸炼油厂将努力最大限度地增加阿拉斯加北坡原油供应，重新分配加拿大原油，并可能不顾运输挑战购买委内瑞拉石油。
唐纳德·特朗普总统正在考虑暂时豁免一项名为《琼斯法案》的航运规则，该规则要求国内原油必须使用美国国旗的油轮运输，这使得加州炼油厂从美国墨西哥湾沿岸运输原油的成本更高。这一步骤可能会缓解一些价格压力。
标准普尔全球能源公司炼油与营销主管Debnil Chowdhury表示：”由于对供应可获得性的普遍恐慌，所有其他地区现在也需要原油。”他补充说：”现在这些原油面临激烈竞争。”
休斯顿的Arathy Somasekhar和纽约的Nicole Jao报道；David Gregorio编辑
我们的标准：汤森路透信任原则
California hit by much higher oil prices as Iran war stresses refiners
March 13, 2026 5:03 PM UTC / Reuters
By Arathy Somasekhar and Nicole Jao
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The Marathon Refinery Carson is shown from Signal Hill, California, U.S., January 14, 2026. REUTERS/Mike Blake/File Photo Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
- California now more dependent on costlier fuel imports from Asia
- West Coast refineries account for about 50% of Middle East crude imports to US
- Prices spike for alternative barrels of crude due to Asia demand
HOUSTON, March 13 (Reuters) – Fuel costs in California are soaring even more than in the rest of the U.S. due to several unique factors, with fallout from the war in Iran forecast to push pump prices in the state to $10 a gallon and jet fuel prices jumping 47% in just two weeks.
California’s mandated gasoline blend and lack of pipeline access isolate it from the rest of the U.S. market, making it heavily reliant on energy imports from Asia that are being held up by closure of the Strait of Hormuz.
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Consumers in the state already face the highest gasoline prices in America, with more pain on the way.
“The U.S. West Coast will become the poster child for the consequences of the attacks on Iran,” energy economist Philip Verleger wrote in a note, adding that California drivers can expect gasoline and diesel shortages soon and prices possibly above unprecedented levels of $10 per gallon.
Over the past month, average regular gasoline prices in California jumped more than 18%. The pump price hit $5.42 per gallon on Friday, much higher than the national average of $3.63 per gallon, according to AAA, the American Automobile Association. Jet fuel prices in Los Angeles, a major aviation hub, have soared more than 47% to about $3.85 a gallon since the conflict in the Middle East started, according to OPIS data.
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West Coast states will need to reduce their gasoline and diesel use by 20%, Verleger added, if nations that export fuel to the region restrict or ban flows to protect domestic markets.
VULNERABLE TO SUPPLY SHOCKS
California, once a top oil producing state in the U.S., has in recent years become more dependent on crude and fuel imports as some refineries shut or converted to produce renewable fuels amid a shift away from fossil fuels. That reliance has left the state more vulnerable to supply shocks, some analysts warned.
A shortage of Middle Eastern crude has forced refineries in China, Korea and India to cut back production, with some declaring force majeure — a legal move that allows companies to halt deliveries during emergencies. Some countries, including China and Thailand, have suspended fuel exports.
The U.S. West Coast imported a record amount of 128,000 barrels per day of motor gasoline and additives last year, with most coming from South Korea and India. California also imported about 54,000 bpd of jet fuel, nearly a third of which came from South Korea, according to ship tracking firm Kpler.
Korean imports will dry up for a while, and neighboring Washington state does not have much more spare refining capacity, said Randy Hurburun, head of refining at Energy Aspects.
West Coast refineries also imported about 230,000 barrels per day of Middle Eastern oil, according to Kpler, accounting for about 50% of Middle East crude imports to the United States.
Foreign sources of crude oil imports to California
The refineries must now seek alternative barrels, which will cost more now. Heavy crude prices have spiked as refiners globally scramble to secure enough oil.
“All the crude that West Coast refiners import from the Middle East is at risk,” said Matt Smith, an analyst at Kpler, adding that the refineries will be forced to buy crude oil from Canada or Latin America.
Chevron-owned (CVX.N), opens new tab refineries in Richmond and El Segundo and Marathon Petroleum’s (MPC.N), opens new tab Los Angeles facility were California’s largest importers of crude in 2025, EIA data showed.
A spokesperson said Marathon was meeting all contractual obligations, but declined to comment on crude sourcing or refining. A Chevron spokesperson declined to comment on daily operations but noted the refineries continue to supply customers in the region.
FEW ALTERNATIVES
Availability of alternative crude oil is also limited due to strong demand from Asia.
At best, just about half a million barrels of Canadian oil is available to West Coast refiners due to constraints on Canada’s Trans Mountain Pipeline, and to demand from Chinese buyers, Kpler’s Smith noted. Asian refiners may also try to buy more Latin American crude from Ecuador or Guyana.
“There is not a great deal of incremental supply available to U.S. West Coast refiners,” Smith said.
West Coast refiners will try to maximize Alaska North Slope crude supply, redistribute Canadian supplies, and may buy Venezuelan oil despite the shipping challenges, Rystad’s Bell said.
President Donald Trump is considering temporarily waiving a shipping rule called the Jones Act, which requires domestic crude to be shipped on U.S.-flagged tankers, making it more expensive for California refiners to ship from the U.S. Gulf Coast. This step could provide some price relief.
“All other regions are also needing barrels at this point due to a widespread panic of availability,” said Debnil Chowdhury, head of refining and marketing at S&P Global Energy. “There’s competition now for the barrels.”
Reporting by Arathy Somasekhar in Houston and Nicole Jao in New York; Editing by David Gregorio
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