2026-07-15T14:24:00-0400 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
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更新于：2026年7月15日 / 美国东部时间下午3:35 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
华盛顿讯 —— 在美国持续数周的停火协议破裂、美伊战争重新爆发之际，美国五角大楼高级官员也在暗中关注另一个距离本土更近的热点地区：古巴。
据多名了解相关讨论的美国官员透露，近几周来，军事规划人员一直在研究针对这个岛国的一系列可能行动方案，其中包括由第101空降师牵头的陆军-led空中突击行动，该行动将投入数千名美军士兵——这是目前唯一经过此类任务训练的部队。
这些官员为讨论国家安全事务匿名接受了哥伦比亚广播公司新闻采访，他们强调，这些简报并不意味着特朗普总统或五角大楼已经决定发起军事行动。
任何针对古巴的行动都将给五角大楼带来严峻挑战，因为美军的大部分注意力和部分最宝贵的进攻能力已经投入到其他战场。美国国务卿马可·鲁比奥曾强调，美国更倾向于通过外交途径推动古巴过渡到由技术官僚领导、愿意推行经济改革的新政府。尽管美国对古巴军方及其旗下的综合企业集团GAESA实施了更严格的金融施压，但这一进程陷入停滞。GAESA是一家庞大的军方控股公司，美国将其称为价值180亿美元的信托基金。鲁比奥在7月11日的一份声明中表示，到目前为止，古巴政权及其“腐败精英”仍拒绝改革，反而“持续维持其全面控制”，并坚持“在道义上破产的马克思主义意识形态”。
美国国务院宣布，已进一步收紧对古巴国有企业的金融管控，这些企业“将收入 funnel 给政权和镇压古巴人民的准军事部队”，包括快速反应旅。
官员们透露，上月末，美军举行了一次作战概念简报会，讨论可执行的特定任务的早期军事规划方案。这类简报通常由国防部和作战司令部为各类突发情况制定，内容涵盖任务目标、所需兵力、行动步骤、后勤考量以及相关风险。
五角大楼已将其他地理区域的飞机、情报资产和其他资源调往中东，以维持对伊朗的作战行动。接受哥伦比亚广播公司新闻采访的官员表示，鉴于上周对伊朗的军事行动重新启动，目前将注意力转向古巴的可能性不大。
据知情人士透露，在幕后，美伊战争暴露出特朗普总统与赫格斯塞特之间的一些摩擦。赫格斯塞特是陆军退伍军人，前福克斯新闻主持人。尽管特朗普在第二任期内有时会赞扬赫格斯塞特和各类军事行动，但他私下对“史诗之怒行动”的进展表示不满，认为政府今年早些时候拒绝了伊朗限制其核计划的提议，错失了避免旷日持久冲突的机会。
两名美国官员告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，赫格斯塞特敦促对伊朗采取更强硬的态度，尽管参谋长联席会议主席丹·凯恩将军对此表示保留。随着军事行动比2月开战之初预期的更加旷日持久和复杂，总统对军方的不满与日俱增。
在美以主导的对伊朗战争期间，当赫格斯塞特和凯恩提出军事行动的局限性时，特朗普感到不满。一名消息人士称，国防部和跨部门团队中的一些人也对美国中央司令部司令海军上将布拉德·库珀表示不满，抱怨他夸大了美军对伊朗的作战能力。
白宫发言人安娜·凯利表示，总统“对赫格斯塞特和库珀在‘史诗之怒行动’中的领导表现‘格外自豪’，该行动彻底摧毁了伊朗的弹道导弹、生产设施、海军、防空系统等”。她补充说，美国最近对伊朗的打击证明，美国“可以随时随地发动攻击，而伊朗对此无能为力”。
代理五角大楼新闻发言人乔尔·瓦尔迪兹表示：“我们不会对假设的军事行动置评”，并补充说，国防部也不会评论赫格斯塞特与特朗普的私人谈话。
古巴带来了新的安全挑战。哥伦比亚广播公司新闻此前曾报道，古巴获得了来源不明的攻击无人机。在6月10日访问美国关塔那摩湾海军基地期间，赫格斯塞特间接承认了该基地面临威胁的可能性。
“古巴政府试图获取或接触能够抵达该基地或美国本土的武器类型，这是不明智的。他们将招致一场他们不仅不想要，而且根本无法承受的对抗，”他警告道。
古巴与美国在关塔那摩湾海军基地问题上存在长期争端——1959年古巴革命后，菲德尔·古巴拒绝兑现支票，声称1903年签署的租约无效。
赫格斯塞特承认美国正在向特朗普提交军事方案，但也表示有可能实现更和平的关系，称美国希望很快成为“古巴政府领导层的朋友”。
哥伦比亚广播公司新闻5月曾报道，美国情报官员一直在评估古巴对可能的美国军事行动的反应，当时特朗普政府指责哈瓦那加强了与俄罗斯、中国和伊朗的联系。美国情报界2026年年度威胁评估报告主要将古巴描绘为更大地缘政治竞争对手的助力环境，而非独立的战略威胁。值得注意的是，3月的评估报告并未将古巴本身视为拥有实质性威胁美国的军事能力，也未将哈瓦那描述为不稳定的独立推手。
今年5月，中央情报局局长约翰·拉特克利夫罕见地访问哈瓦那，与古巴高级官员举行会谈，他在访问期间传递了一个信息：如果哈瓦那“做出根本性改变”，美国准备扩大与古巴的经济和安全接触。
但几名知情人士告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，拉特克利夫还带来了一名参与今年1月美国抓捕当时委内瑞拉领导人尼古拉斯·马杜罗任务的特工，并向古巴人介绍这名准军事领导人是在委内瑞拉杀害古巴人的凶手。
访问结束几天后，美国司法部起诉了95岁的前领导人劳尔·卡斯特罗和其他五人，指控他们与1996年击落两架美国飞机有关。这起起诉引发了人们的猜测，认为卡斯特罗可能会在类似抓捕马杜罗的行动中被捕。多名消息人士告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，美方更倾向于让卡斯特罗家族主动离开古巴，并提及特朗普政府与卡斯特罗的侄孙劳利托举行了会谈。
美国政府与古巴的对抗并非一蹴而就。在过去18个月里，白宫逐步取消了前总统乔·拜登和巴拉克·奥巴马时期推行的有限接触政策，取而代之的是一场经济、外交和法律施压运动，旨在孤立哈瓦那，剥夺其安全部门的收入，以迫使古巴进行政治变革。
特朗普重返白宫后的古巴政策
2025年1月就职数小时后，特朗普就推翻了拜登的最后一项外交政策决定，恢复将古巴列为支持恐怖主义的国家，这一举措再次限制了古巴获得国际金融的渠道，并标志着特朗普第一任期的“最大施压”战略回归。
鲁比奥恢复了与古巴军方控股集团GAESA的商业交易限制，特朗普政府进一步扩大了这一政策，辩称古巴的硬通货经济大部分由军方而非私营部门控制。几周后，国务院扩大了针对古巴海外医疗任务的签证限制，指责哈瓦那通过国营劳务出口系统剥削医生和护士，而古巴官员坚称该系统是自愿的。
古巴副外长卡洛斯·费尔南德斯·德科西奥6月告诉美联社，特朗普政府试图诋毁在世界各地工作的数千名古巴医生，同时切断了古巴的一个关键收入来源。
尽管紧张局势升级，但有限的合作仍在继续，包括古巴根据现有移民协议接受美国的遣返航班。到2025年中期，特朗普政府通过新的《国家安全总统备忘录》正式确立了其政策，扩大了对旅行、汇款和金融交易的限制，同时加强了对禁运的执行。
今年早些时候，特朗普宣布古巴为“非同寻常和特殊的威胁”，并将制裁扩大到向古巴供应石油的外国政府和公司，这场运动进一步升级。额外的行动包括对古巴高级官员实施制裁，以及针对古巴总统米格尔·迪亚斯-卡内尔和其他高层人物的处罚。
这些措施与古巴日益恶化的经济危机同时出现，其特点是燃料短缺、停电和抗议活动。古巴官员将此归咎于美国的制裁，而特朗普政府则将其归咎于内部管理不善。
Senior defense officials looking at Cuba military options
2026-07-15T14:24:00-0400 / CBS News
By
Updated on: July 15, 2026 / 3:35 PM EDT / CBS News
Washington — As the U.S.-Iran war restarts following the collapse of the weeks-long ceasefire, senior Pentagon officials are also quietly eyeing another flashpoint much closer to home: Cuba.
Military planners have in recent weeks examined a range of options for possible action against the island, including an Army-led air assault involving thousands of U.S. soldiers to be carried out by the 101st Airborne Division, the only unit trained for such a task, according to multiple U.S. officials with knowledge of the discussions.
The officials, who spoke to CBS News under condition of anonymity to discuss national security matters, stressed that the briefings are not an indication that President Trump or the Pentagon have decided to carry out an operation.
Any operation against Cuba would confront the Pentagon with a significant problem because much of the U.S. military’s attention and some of its most valuable offensive capabilities are already committed elsewhere. Secretary of State Marco Rubio has emphasized that the U.S. prefers a diplomatic option for a transition to a new government led by technocrats and willing to make economic reforms. That process has stalled, despite tightening financial pressure around the Cuban military and its conglomerate GAESA, the sprawling, military-controlled holding company which the United States refers to as an $18 billion trust fund. In a July 11 statement, Rubio said that so far, the regime and its “corrupt elites” continue to refuse reform, instead “perpetuating their total control” and adherence to a “morally bankrupt Marxist ideology.”
The State Department announced that it has also tightened the financial vice around Cuba’s state-owned entities that “funnel revenue to the regime and paramilitary forces” that repress the Cuban people, including rapid response brigades.
Late last month, the U.S. military held a concept-of-operations briefing to discuss early-stage military planning options for select missions that could be carried out, the officials said. Such briefings are routinely developed by the Defense Department and combatant commands for a range of contingencies that examine mission objectives, the number of troops needed, the sequence of events, logistical considerations and associated risks.
The Pentagon has shifted aircraft, intelligence assets and other resources from other geographical regions to the Middle East to sustain operations against Iran. Officials who spoke to CBS News said that shifting the focus toward Cuba isn’t likely at the moment, given the restart of military operations against Iran last week.
Behind the scenes, the war with Iran has exposed some friction between President Trump and Hegseth, an Army veteran and former Fox News host, according to sources familiar with the matter. While Mr. Trump has at times praised Hegseth and various military operations during his second term, he has privately expressed frustration with the progress of Operation Epic Fury, believing the administration missed an opportunity to avert a dragged-out conflict earlier this year by rejecting an Iranian proposal to limit its nuclear program, the officials said.
Two U.S. officials told CBS News that Hegseth urged a more confrontational approach to Iran, despite reservations voiced by Gen. Dan Caine, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, leaving the president increasingly dissatisfied as the military campaign has become more protracted and complicated than originally anticipated when the war began back in February.
Over the course of the U.S.-Israel-led war against Iran, Mr. Trump has been irritated by both Hegseth and Caine when they raised the limitations of military operations. Some in the Defense Department and on the interagency team have also expressed frustration with Navy Adm. Brad Cooper, the commander of U.S. Central Command, grumbling that he oversold what the military could accomplish against Iran, one of the sources said.
Anna Kelly, a White House spokeswoman, said the president “has been extraordinarily proud” of Hegseth and Cooper’s leadership “throughout Operation Epic Fury, which completely destroyed Iran’s ballistic missiles, production facilities, navy, air defenses, and more.” She added that the recent U.S. strikes against Iran prove the U.S. “can attack anywhere, anytime, and Iran can do nothing about it.”
Acting Pentagon press secretary Joel Valdez said, “We do not comment on hypothetical military operations,” and added that the department also wouldn’t comment on Hegseth’s private conversations with Mr. Trump.
Cuba has presented new security challenges. CBS News previously reported that Cuba had acquired attack drones of unknown origin. During a June 10 visit to the U.S. Naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Hegseth indirectly acknowledged the possibility of a threat to that installation.
“It would be unwise for the government of Cuba to try to procure or get access to the types of weapons that could reach this base or the American homeland. They would be inviting the kind of confrontation not only do they not want, but they could not stand,” he vowed.
Cuba and the U.S. have a longstanding dispute over the facility — after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, Fidel Castro refused to cash the checks, claiming the lease, signed in 1903, is invalid.
Hegseth acknowledged the U.S. was presenting military options to Mr. Trump, but offered the possibility of a more peaceful relationship, saying the U.S. hopes to soon be “a friend of the leadership of the government of Cuba.”
CBS News reported in May that U.S. intelligence officials have been assessing how Cuba would respond to possible U.S. military action, as the Trump administration accused Havana of strengthening ties with Russia, China and Iran. The intelligence community’s 2026 annual threat assessment largely portrays Cuba as an enabling environment for larger geopolitical competitors, rather than as an independent strategic threat. Notably, the March assessment doesn’t identify Cuba itself as possessing military capabilities that materially threaten the U.S. or describe Havana as an independent driver of instability.
In May, CIA Director John Ratcliffe traveled to Havana for a rare meeting with senior Cuban officials, using the visit to deliver a message that the U.S. was prepared to expand economic and security engagement with Cuba if Havana “makes fundamental changes.”
But Ratcliffe also brought along one of the operators who was involved in the U.S. mission to capture then-Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro in January, making a point of introducing the paramilitary leader to the Cubans as the one who had killed their people in Venezuela, several people familiar with the trip told CBS News.
Days after the visit, the Justice Department indicted 95-year-old former leader Raul Castro and five others on charges dating back to the 1996 shootdown of two U.S. planes. That indictment has led to speculation that Castro would be arrested in an operation similar to the snatch and grab of Maduro. Multiple sources told CBS News that the preference would be for the Castro family to depart the island of their own accord, and nodded to the Trump administration’s meetings with Castro’s grandnephew Raulito.
The administration’s confrontation with Cuba did not emerge overnight. Over the past 18 months, the White House has steadily dismantled the limited engagement pursued under former Presidents Joe Biden and Barack Obama and replaced it with a campaign of economic, diplomatic and legal pressure that has isolated Havana and deprived its security apparatus of revenue in an effort to force political change.
Cuba policy since Trump’s return to office
Hours after returning to office in January 2025, Mr. Trump reversed one of Biden’s final foreign policy decisions by restoring Cuba’s designation as a state sponsor of terrorism, a move that again restricted Cuba’s access to international finance and signaled a return to the “maximum pressure” strategy of Mr. Trump’s first term.
The Trump administration expanded that approach when Rubio reinstated restrictions on business transactions with Cuba’s military-controlled conglomerate, GAESA, arguing that the armed forces—not Cuba’s private sector—control much of the island’s hard-currency economy. Weeks later, the State Department broadened visa restrictions targeting Cuba’s overseas medical missions, accusing Havana of exploiting doctors and nurses through a state-run labor export system that Cuban officials insist is voluntary.
Deputy Foreign Minister Carlos Fernandez de Cossio told The Associated Press in June that the Trump administration was trying to discredit thousands of Cuban doctors working around the world while also cutting off a critical source of income to the island country.
Despite rising tensions, limited cooperation continued, including Cuba’s acceptance of U.S. deportation flights under existing migration agreements. By mid-2025, the Trump administration formalized its approach through a new National Security Presidential Memorandum that expanded restrictions on travel, remittances and financial transactions, while strengthening enforcement of the embargo.
The campaign escalated further earlier this year when Mr. Trump declared Cuba an “unusual and extraordinary threat” and extended sanctions to foreign governments and companies supplying the island with oil. Additional actions included sanctions on senior Cuban officials, and penalties targeting Cuban President Miguel Diaz-Canel and other top figures.
These measures coincided with a worsening economic crisis in Cuba, marked by fuel shortages, blackouts and protests. Cuban officials blamed U.S. sanctions, while the Trump administration pointed to internal mismanagement.