2026年8月5日 / 美国东部时间下午5:49 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
作者：卡莉·泰特尔鲍姆、杰米·科伦布拉特、马克斯·穆尔
本周，美国食品药品监督管理局批准了四款新的调味尼古丁袋产品的营销许可，加上此次批准，FDA近期在考量公共健康影响后获批的此类产品总数已达30款。
周二对“on!”品牌旗下尼古丁袋的批准，是特朗普政府推动该行业快速增长板块的一系列举措中的最新一例。上周，白宫TikTok账号发布了一段展示ZYN尼古丁袋品牌的视频，其中美国参谋长联席会议主席丹·凯恩称美军“消耗了大量尼古丁”。
今年6月，FDA批准ZYN旗下20款产品使用新的有利健康声明：“使用ZYN替代香烟可降低您患上口腔癌、心脏病、肺癌、中风、肺气肿和慢性支气管炎的风险。”这款被指定为“改良风险烟草产品”的新标签，是首个授予尼古丁袋品牌的此类认证。
健康倡导者对“浓浆果味、卡布奇诺味、柑橘味和肉桂味”等尼古丁袋调味产品表示特别担忧，认为其有可能吸引青少年。
“尼古丁袋会让从未接触过尼古丁的人产生严重依赖和成瘾风险，”无烟儿童运动美国项目执行副总裁布莱恩·金博士说道。
FDA此次批准的品牌由全球两家最大烟草公司的子公司生产：生产ZYN的菲利普·莫里斯国际公司，以及为“on!”品牌代工的奥驰亚集团。
奥驰亚集团在发给哥伦比亚广播公司新闻的声明中表示：“任何儿童都绝不应该使用烟草或尼古丁产品，不容置疑。”该公司还称，“有证据表明，口味多样性有助于这些无烟替代品对寻求戒烟的成年烟民更具吸引力。”
菲利普·莫里斯国际公司的美国发言人在发给哥伦比亚广播公司新闻的声明中表示：“ZYN旨在为达到法定吸烟年龄的尼古丁消费者提供更好的替代选择，这些人本会继续吸烟——这是危害最大的尼古丁摄入方式——或使用其他传统烟草产品。”
尼古丁袋是美国烟草市场增长最快的品类。美国疾病控制与预防中心基金会的分析显示，2023年1月至2025年8月期间，其月度销售额飙升了250%。菲利普·莫里斯国际公司近期在科罗拉多州奥罗拉市开设了一座价值12亿美元的尼古丁袋生产工厂。
健康隐患
批评人士担心，此类产品可能会让新一代人面临尼古丁成瘾风险，并敦促开展更多研究。
“目前没有证据不代表不存在危害，”密歇根大学牙周病、口腔医学与牙科卫生系主任普尼玛·库马尔博士说道。
根据世界卫生组织的数据，全球已有16个国家禁止销售尼古丁袋。
美国购买尼古丁袋的法定年龄为21岁，但根据最新的《全国青少年烟草调查》，去年约有46万名中学生和高中生使用过尼古丁袋。这使得尼古丁袋成为青少年第二常用的烟草产品，仅次于电子烟。
据金博士介绍，尼古丁袋含有源自烟草植物的尼古丁粉末或盐，以及植物纤维、调味剂和其他化学物质。尼古丁盐能让尼古丁更轻松地穿过血脑屏障，让更高剂量的尼古丁更易被接受。
斯坦福大学儿科学教授邦妮·哈尔彭-费尔舍警告称，青少年使用尼古丁会让大脑更容易出现成瘾行为。
“你的大脑会因此发生改变，”哈尔彭-费尔舍说道。
路易斯维尔大学美国心脏协会烟草监管与成瘾中心主任阿鲁尼·巴特那加尔博士表示，此类产品还存在心血管方面的隐患。他说，尼古丁会导致心率和血压升高，并使血管收缩。其结果是，心脏不得不更卖力地泵血，血液循环也会承受压力。
“我们已知尼古丁与血压升高和心脏病，尤其是心梗之间存在强关联，”巴特那加尔说道。
尼古丁袋放置在口腔内、紧贴牙龈的部位，这一情况引起了牙医和口腔外科医生的关注。
库马尔表示，口腔内膜会因物理刺激而增厚和变白。除了停止使用后会消失的白色斑块外，还有一个长期隐患：牙龈退缩，且这种情况不可逆。
库马尔说，尽管已有数十年的研究探讨了烟草和尼古丁对健康的影响，但口服尼古丁袋近年来的流行意味着相关科学研究仍需跟进。
“我们迫切需要开展更多研究，”她说道。
菲利普·莫里斯国际公司的美国发言人在发给哥伦比亚广播公司新闻的声明中称，香烟烟雾的危害是明确的，该公司“自豪于负责任地为美国4500万达到法定吸烟年龄的尼古丁消费者提供危害更小的现代尼古丁替代品”。
香烟烟雾中含有超过7000种化学物质，其中70多种与癌症相关。尽管该公司承认尼古丁具有成瘾性，但它表示，“香烟烟雾中的其他有害化学物质才是吸烟相关疾病的主要诱因”。
FDA的一位发言人在发给哥伦比亚广播公司新闻的声明中表示，政府对ZYN的“改良风险”认证“并不意味着这些产品是安全或无风险的”。
相反，该机构表示，其基于“严格的科学审查”认定，有证据表明该产品有助于吸烟者戒烟，因此认为这一决定“符合法定标准下保护公众健康的要求”。
FDA同时警告称，“不存在安全的烟草产品，未使用过烟草产品的人群不应开始使用”。
金强调，如果尼古丁袋吸引了新的使用者，“这可能会损害我们过去几十年来在烟草产品使用防控方面取得的重大公共健康成果”。
FDA要求ZYN的所有者“开展上市后监测和研究”，其“改良风险烟草产品”资质将在五年后失效。FDA在声明中写道：“如果在任何时候，该机构认定，除其他因素外，将此类产品作为改良风险烟草产品继续营销不再有益于全体民众的健康，例如青少年使用率大幅上升，该机构可能会撤销相关许可。”
本文已更新，补充了奥驰亚集团的声明，并明确了部分尼古丁袋产品使用的调味口味。
https://www.tiktok.com/white-house-video
As FDA approves new marketing for nicotine pouches, some doctors sound alarms
August 5, 2026 / 5:49 PM EDT / CBS News
By Callie Teitelbaum, Jamie Korenblat, Max Moore
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized marketing of four new flavored nicotine pouch products this week, bringing to 30 the number of such products the FDA has recently greenlit after considering the public health impact.
Tuesday’s decision on pouches from the brand “on!” is the latest in a series of steps by the Trump administration aimed at boosting this fast-growing sector of the industry. Last week, the White House TikTok account posted a video showcasing the nicotine pouch brand ZYN that included Joint Chiefs Chairman Dan Caine saying the U.S. military consumes “a lot of nicotine.”
In June, the FDA cleared the way for ZYN to market 20 of its products with the favorable new claim that “Using ZYN instead of cigarettes puts you at a lower risk of mouth cancer, heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.” The new labeling, which designates it as a “Modified Risk Tobacco Product,” was the first ever granted to a nicotine pouch brand.
Marketing nicotine pouch flavors like Rich Berry, Cappuccino, Citrus and Cinnamon raises particular concerns for health advocates because of their potential appeal to kids.
The pouches create a “profound risk for a nicotine-naive person to get dependent and addicted,” said Dr. Brian King, executive vice president of U.S. programs at the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids.
The brands covered by the FDA’s orders are manufactured by subsidiaries of two of the world’s largest tobacco companies: Philip Morris International, which makes ZYN, and Altria Group, for the “on!” brand.
Altria Group told CBS News in a statement: “No kid should ever use tobacco or nicotine products. Full stop.” They said, “Evidence shows that flavor variety can help make those smoke-free alternatives more appealing to adults seeking to transition away from cigarettes.”
A U.S. spokesperson for Philip Morris International told CBS News, “ZYN is intended as a better alternative for current legal-age nicotine consumers who would otherwise continue to smoke—the most harmful form of consuming nicotine—or use other traditional tobacco products.”
Nicotine pouches represent the fastest growing segment of the U.S. tobacco market. Between January 2023 and August 2025, monthly sales skyrocketedby 250%, CDC Foundation analysis found. Philip Morris International recently openeda $1.2 billion nicotine pouch manufacturing plant in Aurora, Colorado.
Health concerns
Critics fear the products could be exposing a new generation to the risks of nicotine addiction and have urged more research.
“Just because we don’t have evidence at this point doesn’t mean that there’s no harm,” said Dr. Purnima Kumar, chair of the Department of Periodontics, Oral Medicine, and Dental Hygiene at the University of Michigan.
According to the World Health Organization, 16 countries have banned the sale of nicotine pouches.
The legal age to buy nicotine pouches in the U.S. is 21 years old, but about 460,000 middle and high school students reported using them last year, according to the latest National Youth Tobacco Survey. That makes pouches the second most commonly used form of tobacco product for young people, behind e-cigarettes.
Nicotine pouches contain a nicotine powder or salt that’s derived from the tobacco plant, as well as plant fiber, flavoring, and other chemicals. The nicotine salt allows the nicotine to cross the blood-brain barrier more easily, making higher levels of nicotine more palatable, according to King.
Dr. Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, a professor of pediatrics at Stanford University, warns that youth nicotine use can prime the brain toward addictive behavior.
“You’re changing your brain,” Halpern-Felsher said.
There are also cardiovascular concerns, according to Dr. Aruni Bhatnagar, director of the American Heart Association’s Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center at the University of Louisville. He said nicotine causes elevated heart rate and blood pressure, and can constrict blood vessels. As a result, the heart is forced to pump faster and blood circulation is stressed.
“We know that there’s a strong link between nicotine and blood pressure and heart disease, and particularly heart attacks,” said Bhatnagar.
The area where the pouch sits, inside the mouth against the gums, has caught the attention of dentists and oral surgeons.
Kumar said the lining of the mouth responds to physical irritation by thickening and whitening. Beyond the white patches, which disappear when pouch use stops, a lasting concern is gum recession, which is irreversible.
While decades of research have explored the health impacts of tobacco and nicotine, Kumar said the recent rise in popularity of oral nicotine pouches means the science is still catching up.
“More studies are urgently needed,” she said.
The U.S. spokesperson for Philip Morris International told CBS News the harm surrounding cigarette smoke is clear, and the company is “proud to responsibly provide less harmful modern nicotine alternatives to America’s 45 million legal-age nicotine consumers.”
There are more than 7,000 chemicals in cigarette smoke, and more than 70 are linked to cancer. While the company acknowledged nicotine is addictive, it said, “It’s the other harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke that are the primary cause of smoking-related diseases.”
An FDA spokesperson told CBS News that the government’s “modified risk” authorization for ZYN “does not mean these products are safe or risk-free.”
Instead, the agency says it determined, “based on a rigorous scientific review,” that there is evidence the product helps smokers quit cigarettes, so it believes the decision is “appropriate for the protection of the public health under the statutory standard.”
The FDA continues to warn “there is no safe tobacco product, and those who do not use tobacco products should not start.”
King emphasized that if pouches initiate new users, “it could jeopardize the considerable public health progress we’ve made in addressing tobacco product use over the past several decades.”
The FDA is requiring the owner of ZYN to “conduct postmarket surveillance and studies,” and its status as a “Modified Risk Tobacco Product” will expire in five years. The FDA wrote, “If at any point the agency determines that, among other things, the continued marketing of the products as MRTPs no longer benefits the health of the population as a whole, such as if there is a significant increase in youth uptake, the agency may withdraw the orders.”
This story has been updated to include a statement from Altria Group and to identify some additional flavors being used in nicotine pouch products.
https://www.tiktok.com/white-house-video