2026年6月5日 / 美国东部时间晚上7:27 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
再过不到两周，哥伦比亚民众将前往投票站参加决选，在两位候选人中选出新任总统：一位是获得特朗普总统背书的极右翼局外人，另一位是承诺深化现任总统古斯塔沃·佩特罗政策与政治遗产的极左翼参议员。
极右翼候选人阿瓦莱尔多·德拉埃斯普列利亚在周日的首轮投票中以43.7%的得票率位居第一，左翼候选人伊万·塞佩达以40.9%紧随其后。此后数日，佩特罗接受了哥伦比亚广播公司新闻专访，畅谈他在禁毒战争中的另类思路。
佩特罗为自己在古柯种植方面的政绩进行了辩护。古柯是可卡因的原料。他称特朗普对其对手的背书是干预行为，并指责华盛顿因意识形态原因放弃了反毒合作。佩特罗警告，如果右翼上台，哥伦比亚将出现一波政治暴力浪潮。
人权组织发现，在佩特罗政府执政期间，有组织犯罪集团的成员规模、领土控制范围和暴力势力都有所扩张。
佩特罗谴责特朗普的政治“干预”
特朗普在德拉埃斯普列利亚赢得首轮投票后就哥伦比亚大选发表了看法。他在社交媒体帖子中对德拉埃斯普列利亚给出“完全且绝对的背书”，并警告称“此次选举结果对哥伦比亚的未来及其与美国的关系至关重要”。
“我们的共和国建立在自由与主权原则之上，”佩特罗说道，他声称美国政府站在贩毒准军事主义一边，并强调特朗普曾支持洪都拉斯前总统胡安·奥兰多·埃尔南德斯——此人因贩毒在美国被定罪，近期刚获得特朗普赦免。
佩特罗表示，他的政府与白宫之间的摩擦“源于我们是进步主义者，源于我们站在左翼立场，也源于我们在加沙等问题上存在分歧”。
他认为美国选择与他的政府作对，并支持他认定参与毒品贸易的势力。
尽管如此，佩特罗仍希望与特朗普政府保持友好关系——后者曾对佩特罗本人实施制裁、撤销其美国签证，并暗示将启动刑事调查。据一名与佩特罗合作的哥伦比亚官员透露，佩特罗原本计划在去年访美期间会见纽约市长佐赫兰·曼达尼，但现在不会再安排这场会面。哥伦比亚广播公司新闻已联系市长办公室，但尚未收到回复。
美国国务卿马可·卢比奥近几周表示，当前的哥伦比亚政府“存在问题”，同时称该地区大多数国家“都是美国的盟友”。他还表示，美国将“以强有力行动确保哥伦比亚举行自由公正的选举”。
“在哥伦比亚，仇恨会立刻导致死亡”
当被问及暴力问题以及谁应为此负责时，佩特罗进行了辩解。他坚称，本国的总体凶杀率在其执政期间保持相对稳定，并称数据显示每10万居民的凶杀案约为25至26起。
他说，变化的是暴力的构成。他表示，“ sicariato ”即雇佣杀人案有所增加，而他所谓的“社会犯罪”或“源于社会本身的犯罪”有所减少。他并未否认在其任内犯罪集团实力有所增强。
当被问及是否要为哥伦比亚因与恐怖组织和谈失败导致暴力增加而出现的右倾趋势负责时，他指出哥伦比亚长期存在政治两极分化，并称全球有操纵运动让民众将政治对手视为敌人。
“在哥伦比亚，仇恨会立刻导致死亡，”他说，“如今宣扬‘消灭进步主义者’这类仇恨言论，是在煽动可能在这个国家变得无法遏制的暴力。”
古柯种植扩散问题
在佩特罗执政期间，强制性古柯铲除行动彻底终止。伊万·杜克总统任期最后一年即2022年的年度数据显示，哥伦比亚当局铲除了13万公顷古柯。而在佩特罗执政期间，这一数字降至约9000公顷，降幅超过90%，佩特罗并未对此数据提出异议。
“我不支持强制性铲除，因为这毫无效果，”他告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，并称“资金会被挪用”。
相反，他的思路是与农村社区对话，推行自愿性作物替代计划。
“我不再针对当地的农民，”佩特罗说，“我不再轰炸、烧毁他们的房屋、强迫他们流离失所或将他们监禁。相反，我开始与他们对话，利用他们信任我这一点——因为我是进步主义者。我取得了什么成果？我稳定了局势。”
佩特罗向哥伦比亚广播公司新闻展示了相关图表，显示自2024年以来古柯总种植面积呈小幅下降趋势，但安第斯大学教授丹尼尔·梅希亚——曾为多届哥伦比亚政府提供禁毒政策咨询——对这些数据提出了质疑。
梅希亚表示，这是27年来首个将联合国古柯作物普查数据推迟一年多发布的政府。已披露的数据显示，2024年哥伦比亚的古柯种植面积至少增加了9000公顷，达到约26.2万公顷。此后年份的数据均来自政府内部。佩特罗回应称，他的政府使用的方法与联合国一致。
这一答复并未让梅希亚满意，佩特罗关于作物替代计划在强制性铲除失败的地方奏效的总体论调也未能说服他。梅希亚表示，政府从未为该计划提供资金。
“他们有不同的思路，这没问题。但请落实这个思路，”梅希亚说。
据梅希亚透露，在佩特罗政府执政的前三个完整财年里，哥伦比亚作物替代和替代发展项目的预算执行率从未超过拨款的15%，部分年份甚至低至8%。梅希亚解释称，佩特罗放弃了强硬手段，却几乎未动用怀柔政策。
接下来会发生什么？
获得160万张选票、位居第三的主流保守派候选人帕洛玛·巴伦西亚的支持者现在成为关键摇摆票。巴伦西亚已表态支持德拉埃斯普列利亚，不过她的竞选搭档、中左翼政治家胡安·丹尼尔·奥维耶多尚未做出表态。
德拉埃斯普列利亚在首轮投票中表现超出民调预期，获得43.3%的选票，而塞佩达的得票率为40.5%。他在决选中略微被看好。
如果他获胜，他承诺将恢复大范围的古柯田空中熏蒸作业——这一做法自2015年起在哥伦比亚被禁止。他还推动对疑似毒贩实施海上打击，并计划为哥伦比亚引入类似于萨尔瓦多总统纳伊布·布克尔的安全政策。
佩特罗认为，美国支持右翼势力是在“失去本可以在打击毒品贩运方面成为强大伙伴的盟友”。相反，他觉得特朗普政府因他的进步主义政治立场而处处针对他。
佩特罗谈特朗普与哥伦比亚大选
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/colombias-petro-says-without-a-doubt-trump-is-interfering-with-his-countrys-election/
Colombia’s outgoing president Gustavo Petro accuses Trump of intervening in his country’s election
June 5, 2026 / 7:27 PM EDT / CBS News
In less than two weeks, Colombians will head to the polls in a runoff election to choose between a far-right outsider endorsed by President Trump, and a far-left senator who promises to deepen current President Gustavo Petro’s policies and legacy.
Days after far-right candidate Abelardo de la Espriella finished first in Sunday’s vote with 43.7% of the vote, followed by leftist Iván Cepeda with 40.9%, Petro sat down with CBS News to discuss his alternative approach to the war on drugs.
Petro defended his record on the cultivation of coca, the base material for cocaine. He called Mr. Trump’s endorsement of his opponent an act of interference and accused Washington of abandoning anti-drug mission cooperation for ideological reasons. Petro warned that if the right comes to power, Colombia will see a wave of political violence.
Human rights groups have found that under the Petro Administration, the membership, territorial control and violent power of organized crime groups have flourished.
Petro calls out Trump on political “intervention”
Mr. Trump weighed in on Colombia’s election after De la Espriella won the first round. In a social media post, he gave de la Espriella his “Complete and Total Endorsement,” and warned that “The results of this Election are very important to the future of Colombia and its relationship to the United States.”
“Our republics were founded on the principles of freedom and sovereignty,” Petro said, claiming the U.S. government is siding with narco-paramilitarism, underscoring Mr. Trump’s support of former Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernández, who was convicted in the U.S. of trafficking and recently pardoned by Mr. Trump.
Petro said friction between his administration and the White House has come “because we are progressives, because we are on the left, and because we disagree on issues like Gaza.”
He argued the U.S. has chosen to align against his government and back forces he identifies as complicit in the drug trade.
Still, Petro hopes to maintain amicable terms with the Trump administration, which has sanctioned Petro personally, withdrawn his U.S. visa and signaled criminal probes. According to a Colombian official working with Petro, he will no longer meet with New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani, as he had initially planned during his visit to the United Nations last year. CBS News reached out to the mayor’s office, but has not heard back.
Secretary of State Marco Rubio said in recent weeks that the current Colombian government has been “problematic,” while calling most of the region “filled with American allies.” He also said the U.S. would be “very forceful in guaranteeing that there is a free and fair election in Colombia.”
“In Colombia, hatred immediately produces deaths”
On the question of violence and who is responsible for it, Petro was defensive. He insisted that the overall homicide rate in Colombia has remained relatively stable during his government, citing figures hovering around 25 to 26 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants.
What has changed, he said, is the composition of that violence. “Sicariato” or contract killings, have increased, he said, while what he calls “social crime” or crime that “comes from society itself,” has decreased. He did not deny that criminal groups have grown stronger on his watch.
When asked whether he takes responsibility for a rightward shift in Colombia stemming from an increase in violence, due to failed peace negotiations with terrorist groups, he pointed to Colombia’s long history of polarization and to global manipulation campaigns that he says are making populations see political opponents as enemies.
“In Colombia, hatred immediately produces deaths,” he said. “Promoting a discourse of hatred, as is happening these days, ‘gut the progressives…’ is inciting a violence that could become unstoppable in this country.”
The coca proliferation problem
Under Petro, forced coca eradication collapsed. Annual data for the last year of President Iván Duque in 2022 shows Colombian authorities eradicated 130,000 hectares of coca. Under Petro, that number fell to roughly 9,000, a reduction of more than 90%, which Petro does not dispute.
“I do not want forced eradication because it doesn’t work,” he told CBS News, arguing that “the money gets stolen.”
His approach, instead, involved talking to rural communities and pursuing voluntary crop substitution.
“I stopped targeting peasant farmers in the territories,” Petro said. “I stopped bombing, burning down their homes, forcibly displacing them and imprisoning them. Instead, I started talking to them, taking advantage of the fact that they trusted me because I am a progressive. What did I achieve? I stabilized it.”
Petro walked CBS News through graphics that show a slight downward trend in total coca cultivation since 2024, but Daniel Mejía, a professor at Universidad de los Andes who has advised multiple Colombian governments on counternarcotics policy, questions the numbers.
Mejía said this is the first government in 27 years to delay publication of the United Nations coca crop census figures by more than a year. The data that has surfaced shows coca cultivation in Colombia rose by at least 9,000 hectares in 2024, reaching roughly 262,000 hectares. The data provided for the years since comes from within the government. Petro’s response was that his government uses the same methodology as the U.N.
That answer does not satisfy Mejía, and neither does Petro’s broader argument that crop substitution is working where forced eradication failed. The government never funded it, he said.
“They have a different approach; that’s fine. But do that approach,” Mejía said.
According to Mejía, budget execution for Colombia’s crop substitution and alternative development programs never exceeded 15% of allocated funds in any of the first three full years of Petro’s government. In some years, it was as low as 8%. Mejía explains Petro abandoned the stick and barely used the carrot.
What happens next?
The 1.6 million votes cast for Paloma Valencia, the mainstream conservative who finished third, are now in play. Valencia endorsed de la Espriella, though her running mate, a center-left politician Juan Daniel Oviedo, still has not.
De la Espriella outperformed his polls to capture 43.3% in the first round against Cepeda’s 40.5%. He is slightly favored heading into the runoff.
If he wins, he has promised to resume widespread aerial fumigation of coca fields, a practice that has been banned in Colombia since 2015. He promotes pursuing boat strikes against suspected drug traffickers and bringing a security doctrine to Colombia similar to that of El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele.
Petro argues that by supporting the right wing, the U.S. is “losing allies who could be powerful partners in the fight against drug trafficking.” Instead, he feels undermined by the Trump administration because of his progressive politics.
Petro on Trump, Colombia’s election
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/colombias-petro-says-without-a-doubt-trump-is-interfering-with-his-countrys-election/