2026年11月11日 美国东部时间下午12:36 / CBS新闻
据议员及法案文本显示，领导“结束腐败核心小组”的众议院民主党人已提出立法，旨在约束特朗普总统第二个任期内滋生的所谓“赦免经济”。
周三，众议员迈克·莱文与杰森·克劳公布了《防止滥用赦免法案》，这项措施针对的是可能引发利益冲突或涉及为总统盟友及恩人谋利的特赦行为。
“美国存在一个‘赦免产业复合体’，说白了就是出价足够高，就能买通赦免。”莱文本周在接受CBS新闻专访时表示。
“这绝非制宪者期望的运作方式，”身为加州民主党人的莱文说，“赦免权的初衷是用于伸张正义与彰显仁慈的。”
尽管该法案几乎没有机会在特朗普总统的否决下通过，但它让外界首次得以窥见，在中期选举大获全胜后，民主党人可能如何利用新的多数席位对特朗普总统毫无节制地行使赦免权展开审查。CBS新闻的一项调查发现， wealthy 被告们会聘请与特朗普总统有关联的说客和律师，向白宫施压争取特赦。特朗普总统第二个任期约70%的特赦行动绕过了司法部赦免办公室——若将“1月6日事件”被告的特赦算在内，这一比例则达92%。
白宫曾表示，任何“花钱为赦免游说的人都是在白白浪费钱”，并称存在一套“完善的赦免审查流程”，其中包括白宫法律顾问、司法部、白宫“赦免事务特使”艾丽斯·约翰逊，以及作为“最终决策者”的特朗普总统。
“特朗普总统以符合道德规范的方式履行其宪法职责，若有其他说法，要么是信息有误，要么是恶意揣测，”白宫法律顾问威尔·沙夫表示。
该法案将责成监察长对可能存在利益冲突的赦免行为展开调查。作为例证，莱文指出了特朗普总统对币安创始人赵长鹏的赦免——赵长鹏于2023年因未能维持有效的反洗钱程序而认罪——以及有报道称，阿莉娜·哈巴·米尔登在担任司法部顾问期间，与一位委内瑞拉亿万富翁的家族达成协议，几周后该亿万富翁便获得了赦免。哈巴·米尔登否认参与此次赦免。
该法案还将明确规定，总统和副总统若以赦免换取财物，将被提起公诉，并要求赦免受益者披露向与总统相关的项目（如总统图书馆或白宫舞厅）赠予的礼品。此外，法案将禁止自我赦免——特朗普总统本月在接受《60分钟》采访时表示，他认为自己拥有这一权力，但他称预计不会行使。
“没有任何总统可以滥用赦免权，”科罗拉多州民主党众议员克劳对CBS新闻表示，“我们不能接受将富人和权贵与工薪阶层区别对待的双重司法体系。”
CBS新闻采访的法律专家表示，除了政治层面的障碍，该法案还可能面临法律层面的挑战。
三位法律专家——前司法部赦免法律顾问塞缪尔·莫里森、南得克萨斯大学法学院休斯顿校区的乔什·布莱克曼，以及密歇根州立大学的布莱恩·卡尔特——均指出，该法案的关键部分可能会与总统的宪法赦免权产生冲突。
“针对赦免权滥用的宪法补救措施是弹劾并罢免，”莫里森说，“而你不能做的恰恰是该法案试图做的事情，即通过立法来规范赦免权的行使。”
布莱克曼表示，该法案的“利益冲突”标准过于宽泛，可能会让几乎所有有争议的赦免成为刑事调查的对象，从特朗普总统的行动到前总统拜登对其子亨特的赦免均属此类。“我认为他们是在试图将政治过程刑事化，”他说。
卡尔特研究过总统自我赦免的相关理论，他表示法案对自我赦免的禁令“纯粹是象征性的”。如果总统拥有这项权力，“法规无法剥夺”，而如果总统没有这项权力，“法规也毫无作用”。
莱文坚称，存在一条在不损害宪法的前提下规范赦免权的途径。
“如果说有什么行为违反了宪法，那就是这位总统滥用赦免权的方式，”他说，“我们将动用预算权确保对各部门进行独立调查。”
他表示，自己的担忧不止于特朗普总统。
“我对拜登政府时期的某些赦免持反对意见，对克林顿政府时期的某些赦免也持反对意见，”莱文说，“每一位真正关心机构、关心制衡机制、关心法治、关心美国宪法的国会议员，都会希望看到赦免权的改革。”
本故事于2026年11月11日下午12:36首次发布于CBS新闻。
Congressional Democrats target Trump’s “pardon industrial complex”
November 11, 2026 / 12:36 PM EST / CBS News
House Democrats who lead the “End Corruption Caucus” have introduced legislation seeking to rein in what has been called the “pardon economy” that has flourished during President Trump’s second term, according to lawmakers and a copy of the bill.
On Wednesday, Reps. Mike Levin and Jason Crow unveiled the Abuse of the Pardon Prevention Act — a measure aimed at acts of clemency that raise possible conflicts of interest or could involve favors for the president’s allies and donors.
America has “a pardon industrial complex” where “you literally, for the highest dollar amount, can go and buy a pardon,” Levin said in an exclusive interview with CBS News this week.
“That is not how the Founders intended for this to work,” said Levin, a California Democrat. “The pardon power is intended to be used in cases of justice and mercy.”
The bill stands almost no chance of surviving Mr. Trump’s veto pen, yet it offers an early look at how Democrats, fresh off sweeping midterm wins, may use their new majorities to scrutinize Mr. Trump’s freewheeling use of the pardon power. A CBS News investigation found wealthy defendants have hired lobbyists and lawyers tied to Mr. Trump to press their cases with the White House. About 70% of his second-term clemency actions have bypassed the Justice Department’s pardon office — 92% counting Jan. 6 defendants.
The White House has said that anyone “spending money to lobby for pardons is foolishly wasting their money” and that there is “a robust pardon review process” that includes White House counsel, the Justice Department, White House “pardon czar” Alice Johnson, and Mr. Trump “as the final decider.”
“President Trump performs his constitutional duties in an ethically sound manner and to suggest so otherwise is either ill-informed or malicious,” said White House Counsel Will Scharf.
The bill would direct the Justice Department’s inspector general to investigate pardons that raise potential conflicts of interest. As examples, Levin pointed to Mr. Trump’s pardon of Binance founder Changpeng Zhao, who pleaded guilty in 2023 to failing to maintain an effective anti-money-laundering program, and reports that Alina Habba Mildon, while a Justice Department adviser, struck a deal with the family of a Venezuelan billionaire who was pardoned weeks later. Habba Mildon has denied any role in the pardon.
The bill would also make explicit that the president and vice president can be prosecuted for trading pardons for something of value, and require pardon recipients to disclose gifts to projects tied to the president, such as his library or the White House ballroom. And it would ban self-pardons — a power Mr. Trump told “60 Minutes” this month he believes he has, though he said he doesn’t expect to use it.
“No president should be able to abuse the pardon power,” Crow, a Colorado Democrat, told CBS News. “We cannot accept a two-tiered system of justice that treats the wealthy and well-connected differently than working people.”
Beyond the political obstacles, the bill could face legal hurdles, according to legal experts who spoke with CBS News.
Three legal experts — former Justice Department pardon attorney-adviser Samuel Morison, Josh Blackman of South Texas College of Law Houston and Brian Kalt of Michigan State University — all said key parts of the bill would likely run up against the president’s constitutional pardon power.
“The constitutional remedy for the misuse of the pardon power is impeachment and removal,” Morison said. “What you can’t do is exactly what this bill tries to do, which is regulate the exercise of the pardon power through legislation.”
Blackman said the bill’s “conflict of interest” standard is so broad it could make almost any controversial pardon the subject of a criminal investigation, from Mr. Trump’s actions to former President Joe Biden’s pardon of his son Hunter. “I think they’re trying to criminalize the political process,” he said.
Kalt, who has studied the idea of presidential self-pardons, says the bill’s ban on them is “purely symbolic.” If the president has that power, he said, “a statute cannot take it away,” and if he doesn’t, “the statute changes nothing.”
Levin maintained there is a path to legislate the pardon power without undermining the Constitution.
“If anything is running afoul of the Constitution, it’s the way this president is misusing the pardon power,” he said. “We’re going to use our power of the purse to ensure the independent investigation of every department.”
He said his concerns extend beyond Mr. Trump.
“I disagreed with certain pardons during the Biden years, and I disagreed with certain pardons during the Clinton years,” Levin said. “Every member of Congress that actually cares about the institution, cares about checks and balances, cares about the rule of law, cares about the Constitution of the United States, will want to see reforms to the pardon power.”
This story published first on CBS News at 12:36 p.m. on Nov. 11, 2026.
发表回复