2026-11-09T10:00:15.657Z / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
经过今年具有历史意义的“蓝色浪潮”选举后，本届国会的女性议员数量将创历史新高。
根据罗格斯大学美国女性与政治中心的数据及美国有线电视新闻网的选举预测，本届国会的女性议员总数将达到159人，来自两大政党，比当前众议院和参议院的女性议员总和多出7人。
明年的新议员队伍具有多元性，其中包括首位女性原住民参议员、科罗拉多州首位黑人女性众议员，以及来自内布拉斯加州的首位西班牙裔众议员。
不过，当第120届国会明年1月召开时，女性议员的席位占比将提升至30%，但仍比性别平等的目标少约100个席位。而且这种席位增长并非全面覆盖——仅民主党女性议员取得了进展，且主要集中在女性议员创出新纪录的众议院。参议院的女性议员人数将出现下降。
而对于参众两院内的共和党人来说，新一届国会将迎来一位策略师所说的“危机级别的席位下滑”。
除国会之外，女性在其他各级政府选举中也取得了佳绩：创纪录的17名女性将担任州长，目前仍有几个州长席位的结果尚未公布。其中包括佐治亚州的凯isha·兰斯·博顿斯，她是有史以来首位当选该州州长的黑人女性。
“这是一场颠覆性的、代际级的巨大变革，”艾米丽名单组织（EMILY’s List）主席杰西卡·麦克勒表示，该组织成立于1985年，旨在帮助支持堕胎权的民主党女性参选并当选公职。“这不仅关乎数量，更在于……为这个国家的权力大厅注入新一代领导力。”
美国有线电视新闻网尚未公布所有席位的当选结果，因此女性议员的数量仍有可能发生变化。例如，密西西比州的参议院竞选结果尚未决出。共和党现任参议员辛迪·海德·史密斯是该州自重建时期以来首位当选国会的女性，她面临民主党候选人斯科特·科洛姆的强劲挑战，科洛姆可能成为该州自重建时期以来首位黑人参议员。阿拉斯加州的参议院竞选目前也难以预测——民主党候选人玛丽·佩尔托拉正试图推翻共和党现任参议员丹·沙利文的连任。田纳西州参议员玛莎·布莱克本在赢得该州州长选举后，预计将辞去参议员职务。
无论海德·史密斯和佩尔托拉的竞选结果如何，参议院女性议员的数量都将低于当前水平。在众议院，女性议员将创下至少136人的新纪录。
不过，即便远远未达到性别平等的目标，这些席位增长也可能对政策产生影响。
“女性进入国会后，当讨论医疗保健相关议题时，她们在场，会说：‘或许我们应该对女性进行一些测试’，”美国女性与政治中心的研究员兼研究主任凯利·迪特马尔表示。
她补充道：“女性会优先邀请其他多元背景的人士参与讨论，部分原因是她们深知被排除在外的感受。”
在众议院，民主党女性议员的人数将远超当前任职的95人。但该议院的共和党女性议员人数正在减少，参议院的情况也是如此。
国会中女性议员的席位分配偏向民主党，在今年选举结果公布后愈发明显：至少有115名民主党女性将进入众议院，而共和党女性仅为19人。
这种两党席位差异与历史趋势一致，因为民主党长期以来往往更重视招募和资助女性候选人，而这在很大程度上依赖艾米丽名单组织的支持。
根据美国女性与政治中心的数据，在2016年唐纳德·特朗普获胜后，2018年大量女性候选人参选公职，最终有36名非现任女性当选众议院议员——打破了1992年安妮塔·希尔听证会之后选出的24名非现任女性的纪录。
2018年当选的这些女性中，除一人外均为民主党人，这给共和党敲响了警钟，促使共和党在2020年取得了创纪录的女性候选人参选佳绩。
“我们正再次面临共和党女性在国会席位的危机级下滑，”致力于支持共和党女性参选的“为女性赢取行动基金”执行董事丹妮尔·巴罗在上周选举结果公布后的一份声明中表示。
“现在是政党领导人将此作为长期战略而非危机应对的时候了。2028年的选举版图有利，机会真实，但招募工作必须从今天开始，”她补充道。
乔治城大学国会、女性与政治方向教授米歇尔·斯沃斯表示，女性和民主党在选举中取得压倒性胜利之间存在直接关联。
“我并不感到意外，因为从历史上看，民主党表现良好的年份，女性候选人的表现也会很好，”斯沃斯指出，随着女性议员资历的加深，她们更有可能拥有能资助其他候选人的人脉资源。
不可否认，今年民主党表现出色，他们通过利用特朗普的历史级不受欢迎程度，在保守派占多数的地区赢得了席位——这也解释了共和党女性议员席位下滑的部分原因。
“我们不应将全国范围内对该党方向和信息的否定，等同于对其女性候选人的否定，”致力于支持共和党女性参选的“视角政治行动委员会”执行主任朱莉·康韦在给美国有线电视新闻网的电子邮件中表示。
麦克勒称，在当前的政治环境下，女性候选人尤其能够有效对接选民对物价上涨的不满情绪。
民主党新当选众议员丽贝卡·贝内特是前海军直升机飞行员，她赢得了新泽西州第7国会选区的席位。她表示，自己作为抚养女儿的母亲的经历，让她更能理解选民的生活成本担忧。
贝内特是至少11名将进入第120届国会的女性退伍军人之一，创下美国历史新高。其他女性退伍军人包括新当选的民主党人凯特·康利和乔安娜·门多萨，她们分别在纽约州和亚利桑那州的选举中获胜。她们的胜利让人联想起2018年当选众议院的国家安全领域女性候选人，其中一些人后来升任更高职位，比如密歇根州参议员埃利萨·斯洛特金，以及弗吉尼亚州州长阿比盖尔·斯潘伯格和新泽西州州长米奇·谢里尔。
斯沃斯表示，民主党女性退伍军人候选人之所以能够取得成功，部分原因在于她们打破了“民主党人和女性在国家安全领域都不够强硬”的固有印象。
“如果你能招募到有国家安全经验的女性，那么你既能收获她们在国家安全领域的道德权威，也能收获公众心目中她们作为女性和照顾者的道德权威，”她说道。
共和党女性候选人也利用了自己的退伍军人经历——明年将任职的11名女性退伍军人中，有两人是共和党人——或是强调自己作为母亲的经历，比如曾在共和党阵营强烈支持特朗普的州参选参议院失利的爱荷华州众议员阿什利·欣森。
不过，康韦表示，在该党为更有利的政治环境储备人才之际，招募优秀候选人只是成功了一半。她补充道，关键在于为候选人提供早期资金支持，并愿意在竞争激烈的初选中与保守派女性候选人合作，帮助她们进入大选环节。
“我们欠这些女性以及追随她们的女性的，不仅仅是选举后的复盘。我们欠她们认真投入工作的承诺，”康韦说道。
美国有线电视新闻网的特里斯坦·罗斯为本文报道提供了素材
A record number of women will serve in the next Congress
2026-11-09T10:00:15.657Z / CNN
After this year’s historic blue wave, more women than ever before are set to serve in the next Congress.
The new record — 159 women from both parties — is seven more women than currently serve in the House and Senate, according to data from the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers University and CNN election projections.
And next year’s freshmen are a diverse cohort, including the first female Native American senator, Colorado’s first Black female representative and the first Hispanic representative from Nebraska.
But while the wins will increase women’s representation to 30% when the 120th Congress convenes in January, they’ll still be about 100 seats shy of gender parity. And the gains aren’t across the board — they’re among Democratic women and mostly in the House, where women are breaking a new record. The number of women in the Senate will decrease.
And for Republicans in both chambers, the new Congress will bring what one strategist called a “crisis-level decline.”
Outside of Congress, women saw success at other levels of government too: a record-breaking 17 women will serve as governors, with several races still left to project. They include Georgia’s Keisha Lance Bottoms, who’s the first Black woman ever elected governor.
“It’s a seismic, generational sea change,” said Jessica Mackler, the president of EMILY’s List, which formed in 1985 to help elect Democratic women who support abortion rights. “It’s not just about the volume; it’s about… infusing the halls of power in this country with a new generation of leadership.”
CNN has not yet projected winners in all races, so it’s possible the number of women could change. Mississippi’s Senate race, for example, is too close to call. GOP Sen. Cindy Hyde-Smith — who was the first woman elected to Congress from the Magnolia State — faced a tough challenge from Democrat Scott Colom, who could become the state’s first Black senator since the Reconstruction era. And it remains too early to call Alaska’s Senate race — where Democrat Mary Peltola is trying to unseat GOP Sen. Dan Sullivan. Tennessee Sen. Marsha Blackburn is expected to resign after winning the governorship in her state.
Regardless of the outcomes of Hyde-Smith’s and Peltola’s races, the number of women senators will drop from current levels. In the House, women will set a new record with at least 136.
But the gains, even if far short of achieving gender parity, could have a policy impact.
“Women get there and they’re in the room when conversations are being had about healthcare, and they say, ‘Hey, maybe we should do some tests on women,’” said Kelly Dittmar, the director of research and scholar at CAWP.
“[Women] prioritize bringing other diverse voices to the table, partly because they knew what it was like to be excluded,” she added.
In the House, Democratic women will far surpass the current 95 who are serving. But the number of Republican women in the chamber is falling, as is the case in the Senate.
Women’s representation in Congress is lopsided toward Democrats, even more so after this year’s election results, when at least 115 Democrats are headed to the House compared to 19 Republicans.
The partisan disparity is consistent with historical trends, given the Democratic Party has often placed a higher priority on recruiting and funding female candidates, in large part through EMILY’s List.
After President Donald Trump’s 2016 victory, a surge of female candidates ran for office in 2018, resulting in 36 non-incumbent women being elected to the House — and breaking the record of 24 non-incumbent women elected in 1992 following Anita Hill’s testimony, according to CAWP.
All but one of those women elected in 2018 was a Democrat, which became a serious wake-up call for the GOP that resulted in record-breaking success for GOP women in 2020.
“We are once again facing a crisis-level decline in Republican women in Congress,” Danielle Barrow, executive director of Winning for Women Action Fund, which works to elect GOP women, said in a statement after last week’s election results.
“It is time for party leaders to treat this as a permanent strategy, not a crisis response. The map in 2028 is favorable and the opportunity is real, but recruitment must start today,” she added.
There is a direct relationship between sweeping wins for women and Democrats, according to Michele Swers, professor of Congress, women and politics at Georgetown University.
“I’m not surprised because when Democrats have a good year historically, women have a good year,” Swers said, noting that as women accrue seniority, they’re more likely to have the financial networks to boost others.
It was, undeniably, a good year for Democrats, who flipped seats in deep-red territory by capitalizing on Trump’s historic unpopularity — which explains part of the decline amongst Republican women.
“We should not confuse a national rejection of the party’s direction and message with a rejection of its female candidates,” Julie Conway — executive director of VIEW PAC, which works to elect Republican women — told CNN in an email.
And in this political environment, women were particularly well positioned to connect with voters’ frustration with rising prices, Mackler said.
Democratic Rep.-elect Rebecca Bennett, a former Navy helicopter pilot who flipped New Jersey’s 7th Congressional District, said her experience as a mom raising daughters helped her understand voters’ cost-of-living concerns.
Bennett is one of at least 11 female veterans who will serve in the 120th Congress, the most in US history, including newly elected Democrats Cait Conley and JoAnna Mendoza, who won their races in New York and Arizona, respectively. Their victories are reminiscent of the national security women elected to the House in 2018, some of whom have ascended to higher office, like Sen. Elissa Slotkin of Michigan and Govs. Abigail Spanberger of Virginia and Mikie Sherrill of New Jersey.
Swers said Democratic women veteran candidates have found success in part because they defy the assumptions that both Democrats and women are soft on national security.
“If you can recruit women who have national security experience, right, you get the benefits of their moral authority on national security and their moral authority as women and caregivers in the public mind,” she said.
GOP women have also run on their veteran experience — two of the 11 female veterans who will serve next year are Republican — or have leaned into their experience as moms, like Rep. Ashley Hinson of Iowa, who lost her bid for Senate in a Trump state.
But as the party looks to build its bench for a more favorable political environment, recruiting good candidates, Conway said, is only half the battle. The key, she added, is early financial support and a willingness to engage conservative female candidates in competitive primaries so they can make it to the general election.
“We owe these women, and the women who will follow them, more than a post-election autopsy. We owe them a serious commitment to doing the work,” Conway said.
CNN’s Tristen Rouse contributed to this report
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