2026-09-29T18:31:13.321Z / 路透社
华盛顿，9月29日路透电 —— 美国参议院本周通过了一项监管大学体育的法案，这项市值数十亿美元的产业近年来因学生运动员获得更多创收机会而发生了颠覆性变化。
以下是关于该法案通过需要了解的五大要点：
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一、刚刚发生了什么？
参议院周一晚间以77票赞成、22票反对的投票结果通过了该提案，接下来该法案将提交美国众议院审议。
二、该法案将如何改变大学体育？
该提案将围绕学生运动员转会、参赛资格以及姓名、肖像和形象（NIL）商业化使用的报酬制定全国性标准。
法案允许学生运动员一次转学不会丧失或延迟参赛资格。第二次转学的学生运动员将被禁赛一年，但有四种例外情况：主教练离职、遭遇性侵犯或骚扰、所在项目被取消。
学生运动员的参赛资格将被限制在五年内，但怀孕、宗教传教、现役军人服役以及“严重运动损伤或疾病”的情况除外。
该法案将保护学生运动员获得NIL报酬的权利，并要求披露金额超过600美元的NIL合作协议。
三、该法案存在争议吗？
该法案包含多项有争议的内容。例如，其在转会、参赛资格和NIL合作协议方面的全国性标准将优先于各州法律。目前已有超过30个州制定了各自的NIL相关法律。
该法案回避了大学体育界最大的法律争议之一：运动员是否应该被归类为雇员，而非参与课外活动的学生。
该法案允许运动员通过诉讼来执行其条款，而非强制采用仲裁方式，但批评人士称诉讼对个人而言负担过重。
“学生运动员往往时间、资源和法律专业知识都有限，”特拉华州民主党参议员丽莎·布朗特·罗切斯特在一份声明中表示。“他们不应承担识别违规行为并起诉学校或体育项目以获取法案所规定保护措施的主要责任。”
布朗特·罗切斯特还警告称，国会不应锁定“可能限制学生运动员未来就相关条款进行谈判或集体议价能力”的内容。
四、谁投了赞成票？
参议院53名共和党议员中有50人支持该法案。阿拉斯加州参议员丹·沙利文未参与投票。佛罗里达州参议员里克·斯科特和肯塔基州参议员兰德·保罗投了反对票。
保罗曾提出一项旨在削弱该法案的修正案，该修正案以1票赞成、94票反对的压倒性结果被否决，仅有保罗一人投了赞成票。
民主党团中有27名议员支持该法案。
反对者表示，尽管该法案为运动员提供了新的健康、安全和报酬保护，但它可能会限制运动员在未来劳工和反垄断纠纷中的议价能力。
五、接下来会发生什么？
该法案目前已提交众议院，众议院目前已休会，将于11月3日中期选举后复会。众议院433个席位中有两个席位空缺，法案需要获得多数议员赞成才能提交至唐纳德·特朗普总统办公桌签署生效。
由诺兰·D·麦卡斯基尔报道；安迪·沙利文补充报道；迈克尔·利尔蒙特和辛西娅·奥斯特曼编辑
Explainer: Five things to know about the college sports bill that passed the US Senate
2026-09-29T18:31:13.321Z / Reuters
WASHINGTON, Sept 29 (Reuters) – The US Senate passed legislation this week to regulate college sports, a multibillion-dollar industry that has been upended in recent years by increased earning opportunities for student athletes.
Here are five things to know about the bill’s passage:
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WHAT JUST HAPPENED?
The Senate voted 77-22 on Monday evening to pass the proposal, which now heads to the US House of Representatives.
HOW WOULD IT CHANGE COLLEGE SPORTS?
The proposal would create national standards around student athlete transfers, eligibility and compensation for name, image and likeness use.
It would permit one school transfer “without losing or delaying eligibility to participate.” A student athlete who transferred institutions a second time would be ineligible for one year aside from four exceptions including the departure of a head coach, sexual assault or harassment and the discontinuation of a sport.
Student athletes would also be limited to five years of eligibility with exceptions for pregnancy, religious missions, active-duty military service and a “serious athletic injury or medical condition.”
The measure would protect student athletes’ rights to NIL compensation and require disclosure of NIL deals that exceed $600.
IS IT CONTROVERSIAL?
The legislation includes several controversial components. For example, its national standards on transfers, eligibility and name, image and likeness deals would preempt state laws. More than 30 states have already enacted their own name, image and likeness laws.
The bill sidesteps one of college sports’ biggest legal battles: whether the athletes should be classified as employees rather than students participating in extracurricular activities.
The proposal allows athletes to sue to enforce its provisions, rather than requiring arbitration, though critics say lawsuits are burdensome to individuals.
“Student-athletes often have limited time, resources, and legal expertise,” Senator Lisa Blunt Rochester, a Delaware Democrat, said in a statement. “They should not bear primary responsibility for identifying violations and suing their schools or athletic programs to secure the protections provided by the bill.”
Blunt Rochester also warned that Congress should not lock in terms “that could limit student-athletes’ ability to negotiate or collectively bargain over them in the future.”
WHO VOTED FOR IT?
Fifty of the chamber’s 53 Republicans supported the legislation. Senator Dan Sullivan of Alaska did not vote. Senators Rick Scott of Florida and Rand Paul of Kentucky opposed it. Paul proposed an amendment that would have gutted the bill. Paul’s amendment was overwhelmingly rejected, failing 1-94 with only Paul voting in favor of it.
Twenty-seven members of the Democratic Caucus backed the legislation.
Opponents said the measure could limit athletes’ leverage in future labor and antitrust disputes, even as it created new health, safety and compensation protections.
WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?
The measure now moves to the House, which has recessed until after November 3’s midterm elections. A majority of the 433-member House — two seats are vacant — would have to approve the bill to send it to President Donald Trump’s desk to be signed into law.
Reporting by Nolan D. McCaskill; additional reporting by Andy Sullivan; Editing by Michael Learmonth and Cynthia Osterman
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