众议院民主党人否决了一项将最高法院大法官人数上限设定为9人的宪法修正案
2026年9月2日 美国东部时间下午4:39 / 福克斯新闻
作者：伊丽莎白·埃尔金德
福克斯新闻首席国会记者查德·珀格拉姆报道了共和党推动通过一项将最高法院大法官人数固定为9人的宪法修正案的努力。众议员杰米·拉斯金（马里兰州民主党）、达斯蒂·约翰逊（南达科他州共和党）和皮特·阿吉拉尔（加利福尼亚州民主党）就此发表了看法。
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众议院民主党人正在挫败共和党为缓解唐纳德·特朗普总统对联邦政府未来的最大担忧之一所做的努力。
一项旨在限制最高法院大法官人数的宪法修正案的投票于周三下午失败，绝大多数民主党人投了反对票。
数月来，特朗普一直警告称，他认为民主党如果重新掌控国会，就会寻求扩大最高法院规模，包括前副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯和马萨诸塞州联邦参议员伊丽莎白·沃雷斯在内的顶级进步人士也证实了这一点。
众议院共和党领导人试图通过由亚利桑那州共和党众议员安迪·比格斯提出的一项修正案来阻止这种情况发生，该修正案将规定最高法院只能有9名大法官。
卡玛拉·哈里斯在可能的2028年竞选前夕支持对最高法院、选举人团进行重大改革
2025年5月6日，众议院议长迈克·约翰逊（路易斯安那州共和党）与其他众议院共和党领导层成员在华盛顿特区举行新闻发布会。（内森·波斯纳/安多拉通讯社通过盖蒂图片社拍摄）
众议院议长迈克·约翰逊（路易斯安那州共和党）选择跳过多项程序性障碍快速推进该法案，将通过门槛从简单多数改为三分之二多数，这一操作被称为“暂停规则”。但即便大多数众议院议员支持该修正案，仍未能达到这一票数要求。
美国宪法允许国会设定最高法院大法官席位数量，目前最高法院共有8名大法官和1名首席大法官。
不过，宪法本身并未规定大法官的具体人数。共和党人认为，修改这一规定将使民主党领导的政府未来更难通过扩充大法官人数来操纵司法天平，使其偏向己方。
卡维尔敦促民主党悄悄准备通过华盛顿、波多黎各建州和扩充最高法院席位来夺权
“每个美国人都应该问一个问题：如果现任多数党一旦不喜欢最高法院的裁决就可以改变其规模，那么下次轮到另一方掌权时会发生什么？”比格斯周三问道。
“一旦走上这条道路，最高法院就不再是制约政府权力的独立制衡机构，而会变成由掌权多数党控制的又一个政治机构。”
2024年12月17日，华盛顿的最高法院。（J·斯科特·阿普怀特/美联社照片）
马里兰州民主党众议员杰米·拉斯金是呼吁将大法官人数增加到13人的进步人士之一，他指出历史上国会曾多次调整最高法院大法官人数，并驳斥当前的9人上限是武断的。
“‘让美国再次伟大’（MAGA）阵营的提议是剥夺国会在此问题上的所有权力，将其冻结并永久写入宪法架构，永远固定在9这个突然被赋予魔力的数字上，”拉斯金说。
“这是‘让美国再次伟大’阵营的又一次党派夺权，我们的同僚们对11月的选举结果感到担忧，因为他们的政策只给我们带来了战争、通胀、腐败、无法无天和40万亿美元的债务——其中四分之一是本届本届总统政府造成的。所以，‘让美国再次伟大’政党想要将一个由米奇·麦康奈尔操纵和设计的、带有深刻党派偏见且失衡的……最高法院永久固定下来。”
哈里斯因计划从根本上改革最高法院和选举人团被贴上“制度纵火犯”标签
他指的是前参议院共和党领袖、肯塔基州的米奇·麦康奈尔，以及他在帮助最高法院目前形成保守派多数席位过程中发挥的关键作用。
进步人士认为，将大法官人数扩充到13人将意味着每个联邦巡回法院对应一名大法官。
北卡罗来纳州共和党众议员马克·哈里斯抨击左翼的推动行为是为了夺取政治权力。
2025年11月20日，亚利桑那州共和党众议员安迪·比格斯抵达雷伯恩大厦参加众议院司法委员会听证会。（汤姆·威廉姆斯/CQ罗尔呼叫公司通过盖蒂图片社拍摄）
“几十年来，我们一直听到那些对最高法院意识形态平衡不满的人呼吁扩充大法官席位。这类呼吁的令人担忧的抬头应该让我们所有人都感到担忧，因为他们的目标不是维护伦理原则，甚至不是保护个人权利，而是巩固权力并威慑最高法院，”哈里斯说。
随后，宾夕法尼亚州民主党众议员玛丽·盖伊·斯坎伦表示，将大法官人数永久锁定为9人只会延长当前保守派多数的执政时间。
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“我认为，永久规定最高法院大法官人数是一个严重的错误，这将使右翼多数席位得以锁定一代甚至更长时间，而过去几年里，这个多数派一直在前所未有地冲击最高法院的规范和我们的宪政秩序，”斯坎伦说。
伊丽莎白·埃尔金德是福克斯新闻数字频道的政治记者，负责众议院的报道。此前曾在《每日邮报》和哥伦比亚广播公司新闻发表过数字报道。
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Republicans fail to ease one of Trump’s greatest fears as Supreme Court measure collapses
House Dems blocked a constitutional amendment to cap the Supreme Court at nine justices
September 2, 2026 4:39pm EDT / Fox News
By Elizabeth Elkind
Fox News chief congressional correspondent Chad Pergram reports on the Republican-led effort to pass a constitutional amendment keeping the Supreme Court at nine justices. Reps. Jamie Raskin, D-Md.; Dusty Johnson, R-S.D.; and Pete Aguilar, D-Calif., weigh in.
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House Democrats are nuking Republicans’ effort to assuage one of President Donald Trump’s biggest concerns about the future of the federal government.
A vote on a constitutional amendment to cap the number of Supreme Court justices failed on Wednesday afternoon after the vast majority of Democrats voted against it.
Trump has warned for months that he believes Democrats would seek to expand the Supreme Court if they took back control of Congress, something affirmed by top progressives, including former Vice President Kamala Harris and Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass.
House GOP leaders sought to head that off with a proposed amendment led by Rep. Andy Biggs, R-Ariz., that would mandate that just nine justices can sit on the high court.
KAMALA HARRIS BACKS MAJOR CHANGES TO THE SUPREME COURT, ELECTORAL COLLEGE AHEAD OF POSSIBLE 2028 CAMPAIGN
Speaker of the House Mike Johnson, R-La., speaks at a news conference with other members of House Republican leadership in Washington, D.C., May 6, 2025.(Nathan Posner/Anadolu via Getty Images)
Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., opted to fast-track the legislation past multiple procedural hurdles in exchange for raising the threshold for passage from a simple majority to two-thirds, a maneuver known as “suspending the rules.” But it failed to clinch that number, even though the majority of House lawmakers supported the amendment.
The U.S. Constitution allows Congress to set the number of seats on the Supreme Court bench, which is currently occupied by eight justices and one chief justice.
However, the Constitution itself does not dictate how many justices can exist. Republicans argued that changing that could make it much harder for a Democrat-led government to pack the court in the future to stack judicial odds in its favor.
CARVILLE TELLS DEMS TO QUIETLY PREPARE POWER GRAB WITH DC, PUERTO RICO STATEHOOD AND SUPREME COURT PACKING
“Here’s the question every American should ask: If a sitting majority can change the size of the Supreme Court the moment it dislikes rulings, what happens to the next time the other side is in power?” Biggs asked Wednesday.
“Once you go down that road, the court stops being an independent check on government power. It becomes another political institution controlled by whoever happens to hold the majority.”
The Supreme Court in Washington Dec. 17, 2024(J. Scott Applewhite/AP Photo)
Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., among the progressives calling to increase the number of justices to 13, argued that Congress has changed the number of Supreme Court justices multiple times throughout history and dismissed the current tally as arbitrary.
“MAGA’s proposal is to strip Congress of all authority in the matter, to freeze it and cement it permanently in the constitutional architecture for all time with the suddenly magic number nine,” Raskin said.
“It’s another partisan power grab by MAGA, our colleagues, who fear for the results of the November election as their policies have brought us nothing but war, inflation, corruption, lawlessness and a $40 trillion debt — one quarter of it’s supplied by this presidential administration. So, the MAGA party wants to cement into place a profoundly partisan and lopsided … court that was gerrymandered and engineered by Mitch McConnell.”
HARRIS LABELED ‘INSTITUTIONAL ARSONIST’ FOR PLAN TO FUNDAMENTALLY TRANSFORM SCOTUS AND ELECTORAL COLLEGE
He was referring to former Senate GOP Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., and his critical role in helping secure the current conservative majority on the high court.
Progressives have argued that expanding the court to 13 would mean there is one justice for every federal circuit court.
Rep. Mark Harris, R-N.C., attacked the left’s push as an effort to seize political power.
Rep. Andy Biggs, R-Ariz., arrives for a House Judiciary Committee hearing at the Rayburn Building Nov. 20, 2025.(Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call, Inc. via Getty Images)
“For decades, we have heard calls from those unhappy with the ideological balance of the Supreme Court to pack the court. The alarming rise of such calls should worry all of us, because their objective is not to uphold ethical principles or even to protect individual rights, but rather to consolidate power and intimidate the court,” Harris said.
Later, Rep. Mary Gay Scanlon, D-Pa., said locking the number at nine would only extend the current conservative majority’s power.
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“I think it would be a grave mistake to dictate how many justices should sit on the Supreme Court in perpetuity, and thereby lock in for a generation or more a right-wing majority, which is engaged in an unprecedented assault on Supreme Court norms and our constitutional order for the past several years,” Scanlon said.
Elizabeth Elkind is a politics reporter for Fox News Digital leading coverage of the House of Representatives. Previous digital bylines seen at Daily Mail and CBS News.
Follow on Twitter at @liz_elkind and send tips to elizabeth.elkind@fox.com
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