2026年8月13日 美国东部时间晚上8:41 / 路透社
作者：迪特里希·克瑙特
- 法院裁定总统可动用紧急权力撤销相关贸易特权
- 国会随后立法，将于2027年7月起终止“小额免税”豁免
- 底特律车桥公司称曾依托此前免税的小额订单业务在华雷斯建立配送中心
纽约8月13日路透电 — 美国国际贸易法院周四作出裁决，支持唐纳德·特朗普总统2025年取消部分价值800美元以下进口商品关税“小额免税”的决定，这是总统在贸易法院对紧急经济权力审查案中罕见的胜诉。
特朗普在Truth Social平台发帖称赞周四的裁决是一场“重大胜利”，称该豁免是“关税欺诈者的巨大漏洞”。
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法院裁定，特朗普有权依据《国际紧急经济权力法》终止针对中国、墨西哥和加拿大低价值进口商品的关税豁免，这一举措是2025年2月一系列广泛行政命令的一部分，这些命令同时对上述国家的进口商品加征新关税。
特朗普2025年2月推出的关税措施今年早些时候被美国最高法院驳回，但该裁决并未涉及特朗普取消针对中国、墨西哥和加拿大进口商品“小额免税”关税豁免的决定。
国会通过2025年综合税收和支出法案终止了“小额免税”豁免，但立法行动将该豁免的有效期保留至2027年7月。
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针对“小额免税”豁免提起诉讼的汽车零部件进口商、总部位于密歇根州的底特律车桥公司，仍在对其为此前享受免税的商品支付的关税提起法律挑战。底特律车桥辩称，《国际紧急经济权力法》并未赋予总统在新法律生效前终止关税豁免的独立权力。
总部位于纽约的国际贸易法院由三名法官组成的合议庭周四驳回了底特律车桥的诉求，认定即便该法律未授权总统征收全新关税，《国际紧急经济权力法》仍允许总统撤销与贸易相关的“特权”。
底特律车桥在法庭文件中辩称，该公司为利用“小额免税”豁免调整了业务模式，在墨西哥华雷斯开设了配送中心，用于收集汽车替换零件并向美国消费者直接寄送小额订单。
特朗普作为全球贸易谈判筹码推行的大范围关税政策，迄今为止在法庭上表现不佳。
美国最高法院2月20日驳回了特朗普大部分范围最广的关税措施，认定《国际紧急经济权力法》并未授权总统单方面对贸易伙伴加征关税，国际贸易法院随后也驳回了特朗普为替代这些关税而实施的新临时关税措施。特朗普转而依据第三种法律权力对超过99%的进口商品加征关税，这些关税措施也遭到美国多个州和小企业的法庭挑战。
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本报纽约分社迪特里希·克瑙特报道；马修·刘易斯编辑
我们的报道准则：汤姆森路透社信托原则。
US court backs Trump’s power to close ‘de minimis’ tariff exemption
August 13, 2026 8:41 PM UTC / Reuters
By Dietrich Knauth
A cargo ship full of shipping containers is seen at the port of Oakland, California, U.S., August 4, 2025. REUTERS/Carlos Barria/File Photo
- Court says president can use emergency powers to rescind trade-related privileges
- Congress later acted to end “de minimis exemption” starting in July 2027
- Detroit Axle says it built a Juarez distribution center around previously exempt small-order shipments
NEW YORK, Aug 13 (Reuters) – The U.S. Court of International Trade on Thursday ruled in favor of President Donald Trump’s 2025 decision to rescind a “de minimis” exemption for tariffs on some imports of less than $800, a rare win for the president in the trade court’s review of emergency economic powers.
Trump praised Thursday’s ruling as a “big win” in a Truth Social post, saying that the exemption had been “a giant loophole for tariff cheats.”
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The court ruled that Trump had authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to close the exemption for low-value imports from China, Mexico and Canada, which he did as part of a sweeping series of February 2025 executive orders that also imposed new tariffs on imports from those nations.
Those February 2025 tariffs were shot down by the U.S. Supreme Court earlier this year, but that ruling did not address Trump’s decision to rescind the “de minimis” tariff exemption for imports from China, Mexico and Canada.
Congress closed the “de minimis” exemption through its passage of the omnibus tax-and-spending bill in 2025, but the legislative action kept the exemption in place until July 2027.
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An auto parts importer that had sued over the “de minimis” exemption, Michigan-based Detroit Axle, continued to press a legal challenge to tariffs that it paid on previously exempted goods. Detroit Axle argued that IEEPA did not give the president any independent authority to close the tariff exemption before the new law took effect.
A three-judge panel of the New York-based Court of International Trade ruled against Detroit Axle on Thursday, finding that IEEPA allowed the president to rescind a trade-related “privilege,” even if that law did not allow him to impose entirely new tariffs.
Detroit Axle had argued in court filings that it had adapted its business to take advantage of the “de minimis” exemption, opening a distribution center in Juarez, Mexico, to gather auto replacement parts and ship small orders directly to U.S. consumers.
blob:https://www.reuters.com/66539a83-5565-4275-ab9f-8f9e64e49a7d
Trump’s broad-brush tariff policies, which he has used as leverage in trade negotiations around the globe, have fared poorly in court so far.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled against most of Trump’s widest-ranging tariffs on February 20, finding that the IEEPA does not authorize the president to unilaterally impose tariffs on trading partners, and the Court of International Trade later ruled against a new temporary tariff that Trump imposed to replace those duties. Trump has moved on to a third legal authority to impose tariffs on over 99% of imports, and those tariffs have also been challenged in court by U.S. states and small businesses.
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Reporting by Dietrich Knauth in New York; Editing by Matthew Lewis
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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