2026-09-01T21:09:26.573Z / 路透社
9月1日（路透社）——美国国务院提议要求为子女申请护照的父母提供自身公民身份或移民身份证明，这是唐纳德·特朗普总统限制出生公民权的最新举措之一。
路透社审阅的这份指导意见草案，首次详细展示了美国国务院将如何执行特朗普8月6日的行政命令，该命令针对所谓的“生育旅游”，并扩大了出生公民权的历史例外情况。
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白宫将路透社的问询转交国务院。国务院发言人汤米·皮戈特在一份声明中表示：“特朗普总统明确表示，本届政府将捍卫美国公民身份的意义和价值，不容置喙，其中包括确保我们的护照审批流程完全符合这一标准。”
限制出生公民权是总统在其范围广泛的移民打击行动中的首要任务之一。美国最高法院此前裁定他的相关尝试违反了美国宪法。
特朗普最初的行政命令原本规定，只有父母至少一方为美国公民或合法永久居民（即绿卡持有者）的新生儿才能自动获得美国公民身份。
最高法院以6票对3票的裁决认定该命令非法，多数大法官认为其违反了宪法第十四修正案的公民条款。
落实特朗普的行政命令
特朗普8月6日的行政命令范围更窄，特别针对“生育旅游”——即女性前往美国分娩，以使子女自动获得公民身份的行为。该命令仍有可能在法庭上被阻止。
新指令将剥夺以下儿童的公民身份：其父母在美国为外国政府工作、参与欺诈或商业交易以获取公民身份，或被归类为“敌对外国人”的儿童。
国务院的指导意见草案援引该行政命令编号称：“国务院将在确定申请人是否受第14418号行政命令约束时，要求提供父母信息以及父母公民身份或移民身份的证据。”
国务院的提案称，如果该提议得以实施，所有父母或法定监护人在为子女提交护照申请时，必须提供自身公民身份证明（如有效的美国护照或出生证明），或移民身份证据（如I-94表格或合法永久居民卡）。政府将利用这些信息来确定儿童是否符合新命令下的公民身份资格。
目前，在美国出生子女的父母只需在办理过程中证明亲子关系并出示带照片的身份证件。他们还被要求在申请表上勾选是否为美国公民，但无需提交佐证文件。
代表那些根据特朗普最初命令会被剥夺公民身份的婴儿提起集体诉讼的律师，已要求两位不同的联邦法官阻止其最新行政命令生效。
其中一起诉讼由民主党总统乔·拜登任命的美国地区法官黛博拉·博德曼审理。
周五在马里兰州格林贝尔特举行的听证会上，博德曼对她所称的特朗普前所未有的命令表示怀疑，并允许原告修改诉讼，以便她能够考虑是否阻止该命令生效。
司法部律师辩称，发布禁制令并不恰当，且法律挑战为时过早，因为联邦机构尚未就总统指令的执行方式发布公开指导意见。
克里斯蒂娜·库克在旧金山、内特·雷蒙德在波士顿报道。安德鲁·钟在纽约补充报道。杰西·梅斯纳-哈奇和霍华德·戈勒编辑
US may ask parents to prove citizenship or immigration status to get passports for their children
2026-09-01T21:09:26.573Z / Reuters
Sept 1 (Reuters) – The U.S. State Department has proposed requiring parents applying for passports for their children to provide proof of their own citizenship or immigration status as part of President Donald Trump’s latest effort to limit birthright citizenship.
The draft guidance, reviewed by Reuters, is the first detailed look at how the State Department could enforce Trump’s August 6 executive order targeting what it calls “birth tourism” and broadening historical exceptions to birthright citizenship.
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The White House referred Reuters questions to the State Department. In a statement, State Department spokesman Tommy Pigott said that “President Trump has been unequivocal that this Administration will protect the meaning and value of American citizenship, full stop, and that includes making sure our passport adjudication process fully reflects that standard.”
Limiting birthright citizenship has been one of the president’s top priorities in his far-reaching crackdown on immigration. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled his previous attempt violated the country’s Constitution.
Trump’s initial executive order would have granted automatic U.S. citizenship at birth only to children with at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen or a lawful permanent resident known as a green card holder.
In a 6-3 ruling, the Supreme Court found the order was unlawful, with a majority finding it violated the Citizenship Clause of the Constitution’s 14th Amendment.
IMPLEMENTING TRUMP’S ORDER
Trump’s August 6 order was narrower, taking particular aim at “birth tourism,” in which women travel to the United States to give birth so their children can obtain automatic citizenship. That order could still be blocked in court.
The new directive would withhold citizenship from children with a parent who works for a foreign government in the U.S., is engaged in fraud or a commercial transaction to obtain citizenship, or is classified as an “alien enemy.”
“The Department will require parental information and evidence of parental citizenship or immigration status as part of its determination whether the applicant is subject to EO 14418,” the State Department draft guidance reads, citing the executive order number.
If implemented, the proposal would require all parents or legal guardians to provide proof of their citizenship, such as a valid U.S. passport or birth certificate, or evidence of their immigration status, such as an I-94 form or a legal permanent residency card, when submitting a passport application for their children. The information would be used by the government to determine if the child qualifies for citizenship under the new order, the State Department proposal says.
Currently, parents whose children were born in the U.S. only need to prove their parentage and present photo identification during this process. They are also asked to check a box on the application form indicating if they are U.S. citizens but are not required to file supporting documentation.
Lawyers pursuing class-action lawsuits on behalf of babies who would be deprived of citizenship under Trump’s initial order have asked two different federal judges to prevent his latest order from taking effect.
One of those lawsuits is before U.S. District Judge Deborah Boardman, who was appointed by Democratic President Joe Biden.
At a hearing on Friday in Greenbelt, Maryland, Boardman voiced skepticism about what she called Trump’s unprecedented order and allowed the plaintiffs to revise their lawsuit so she could consider whether to block it.
Justice Department attorneys have argued that a restraining order would be inappropriate and that the legal challenge was premature, as federal agencies had yet to issue public guidance on how the president’s directive would be implemented.
Reporting by Kristina Cooke in San Francisco and Nate Raymond in Boston. Additional reporting by Andrew Chung in New York. Editing by Jesse Mesner-Hage and Howard Goller
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