2026-07-30T20:33:09.075Z / https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/trump-orders-restrictions-export-critical-minerals-scrap-white-house-officials-2026-07-30/
华盛顿7月30日路透电——据两名知情的白宫官员透露，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普于周四签署一项行政令，授予联邦官员权力，禁止出口旧电池和其他含有关键矿物的电子废料，这是推动国内回收利用、对抗中国掌控对国家安全至关重要的矿物材料整体举措的一部分。
这项总统决定允许商务部制定规则，禁止所谓的“电子垃圾”被运往海外，而这种出口做法目前相当普遍。
这些不愿透露姓名的官员表示，本届政府希望将这些材料——尤其是钨和被称为“黑料”的粉碎电池部件——输送到国内回收企业。他们因未获公开发言授权而要求匿名。
根据环保组织巴塞尔行动网络的数据，美国每月出口近3.3万吨电子垃圾，其中大部分含有可回收利用的锂和其他关键矿物。
长期以来，美国回收行业一直对这类电子垃圾出口感到不满，行业方表示，将这些材料留在国内回收有助于美国更好地实现矿物生产目标，减少对新矿场的需求——而新矿场在部分社区往往不受欢迎。
官员们称，特朗普政府收到了回收企业的投诉，称国内企业无法与那些以高于市场价格收购废料的全球竞争对手竞争。
例如，多家北美回收企业在过去18个月里遭遇了经营困境，包括申请破产的Li-Cycle和Ascend Elements。
不过也有其他项目正在推进。在俄克拉荷马州，Blue Whale Materials和另外两家企业正在建设电池回收设施。
美国地质调查局新开标签显示，中国掌控了绝大多数关键矿物的产量，美国对十多种最重要的矿物都存在对华依赖。
美国在成品中拥有大量关键矿物，包括锂离子电池和磁铁，但同时也严重依赖矿物进口。
回收可提升美国矿物供应保障能力
中国一直将其在矿物市场的主导地位作为经济杠杆，在与华盛顿的贸易紧张时刻限制稀土和其他矿物的出口。
由于新矿场和加工厂的建设可能需要数年时间，特朗普政府如今转而寻求一种更快捷的解决方案：在矿物被出口到外国买家手中之前，将其截留在美国境内。
总部位于俄亥俄州的回收企业Cirba Solutions本月发布的一项研究显示，约84%的美国人如果得知回收老旧电子产品有助于减少美国对外国矿物供应的依赖，会更愿意进行此类回收。
根据联邦法规，国防工业和其他制造商距离2027年1月1日的截止日期仅剩数月时间，届时必须停止从中国采购关键矿物。
钨的相关风险尤为突出。美国自2015年以来已不再进行商业性钨矿开采，全球供应仍由中国的生产和出口主导，因此废料成为美国国内仅有的该金属来源之一，而钨可用于弹药和其他武器。
私人控股回收企业Amermin在3月致商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克的一封新开标签信函中表示，钨出口对美国工业和军事准备构成“不可接受的风险”。
这项行政令延续了今年美国为减少对中国掌控的矿物供应链依赖而采取的一系列行动。
今年1月，特朗普在一项贸易调查后发布一项公告，商务部在调查中认定，加工后的关键矿物及其衍生产品的进口威胁到美国国家安全。
7月20日，特朗普签署另一项行政令，加大国防承包商获取豁免权的难度，使其无法从被禁止的外国供应商处采购关键矿物。
雅各布·博格奇华盛顿报道，欧内斯特·沙伊德与贾勒特·伦肖；迪帕·巴宾顿编辑
Trump orders restrictions on export of critical minerals scrap, White House officials say
2026-07-30T20:33:09.075Z / https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/trump-orders-restrictions-export-critical-minerals-scrap-white-house-officials-2026-07-30/
WASHINGTON, July 30 (Reuters) – U.S. President Donald Trump on Thursday signed an order giving federal officials the power to block exports of old batteries and other electronic waste filled with critical minerals, part of a broader push to boost domestic recycling and counter China’s grip on materials vital to national security, according to two White House officials familiar with the matter.
The presidential determination allows the Commerce Department to issue rules that would prevent so-called “e-waste” from being sent overseas, a practice that is common.
The administration hopes to funnel those materials — especially tungsten and shredded battery parts known as black mass — to domestic recyclers, said the officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly.
The U.S. exports nearly 33,000 metric tons per month of e-waste, much of it filled with lithium and other critical minerals that can be recycled, according to data from the environmental group Basel Action Network.
Those e-waste exports have long irked the U.S. recycling industry, which has said that keeping the material in the country for recycling could help Washington better meet its minerals production goals and lessen the need for new mines, which are often unpopular in some communities.
The Trump administration has fielded complaints from recyclers, the people said, that domestic firms cannot compete with global competitors who pay above-market rates for the scrap.
Several North American recyclers, for example, have faced economic challenges in the past 18 months, including Li-Cycle and Ascend Elements, both of which filed for bankruptcy.
Other projects are moving forward. In Oklahoma, Blue Whale Materials and two other firms are building battery recycling operations.
China controls the vast majority of critical minerals output, and the U.S. relies on Beijing for more than a dozen of the most vital substances,
according to the U.S. Geological Survey, opens new tab
.
The U.S. holds substantial amounts of critical minerals in finished goods, including lithium-ion batteries and magnets, but also relies heavily on minerals imports.
RECYCLING CAN BOOST US MINERALS ACCESS
China has wielded its dominance of the minerals market as economic leverage, restricting exports of rare earths and other minerals at moments of trade tension with Washington.
Since new mines and processing facilities can take years to build, the Trump administration is essentially now turning to a faster fix: capturing minerals already inside the U.S. before they’re exported and lost to foreign buyers.
Roughly 84% of Americans would be more likely to recycle their aging electronics if they knew it would help reduce U.S. reliance on foreign mineral supplies, according to a study released this month by Ohio-based recycler Cirba Solutions.
The defense industry and other manufacturers are now just months away from a January 1, 2027, deadline under federal regulations to stop purchasing minerals from China.
The stakes are especially acute for tungsten. The U.S. has not commercially mined tungsten since 2015, and world supply remains dominated by Chinese production and exports, leaving scrap as one of the only domestic sources of the metal, which is used in munitions and other weapons.
Amermin, a privately held recycler, said in a
March letter, opens new tab
to Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick that tungsten exports pose “an unacceptable risk to American industrial and military readiness.”
The order extends a string of actions this year aimed at reducing U.S. reliance on Chinese-controlled mineral supply chains.
In January, Trump issued a proclamation following a trade investigation in which the Commerce Department found that imports of processed critical minerals and their derivative products threaten U.S. national security.
On July 20, he signed a separate executive order making it more difficult for defense contractors to secure waivers that would let them purchase critical minerals from prohibited foreign suppliers.
Reporting by Jacob Bogage in Washington, Ernest Scheyder and Jarrett Renshaw; editing by Deepa Babington
发表回复