发布时间：美国东部时间2026年11月10日上午7:34
作者：凯蒂·多兰、卡尼塔·伊耶
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10月5日，在加利福尼亚州拉帕尔马的钢铁工人学徒培训中心，民众参加反对第40号提案的集会。
埃里克·塞耶/《洛杉矶时报》/盖蒂图片社
加州选民已否决一项提案，该提案计划对净资产超过10亿美元的居民征收一次性财富税，税率为5%。
第40号提案成为本次选举周期中备受关注、耗资巨大的公投交锋之一。在亿万富翁金主的支持下，反对该提案的团体投入数千万美元制作广告抨击这项措施。
这项财富税将适用于加州约250名亿万富翁，所筹集的资金将主要用于弥补联邦削减医疗补助计划（Medicaid）及其他项目后的医疗保健资金缺口。
科技和企业领袖曾威胁，若该提案获得通过，将把自身住所乃至业务迁出加州，可能导致该州流失关键就业岗位。围绕第40号提案的交锋是全美耗资最巨大的政治角逐之一，谷歌联合创始人谢尔盖·布林向一个试图击败该税法的团体注入了超过1亿美元资金。
加州民主党州长加文·纽森曾表示，他将投票反对这项提案，转而提议对亿万富翁征收全国性税收，同时他正着眼于2028年总统竞选的潜在可能。当选州长、同为民主党人的哈维·贝塞拉也表达了反对立场。
但该提案得到了其他知名民主党人的支持，包括佛蒙特州进步派参议员伯尼·桑德斯、加州众议员罗·卡纳塔，以及多个工会。
提案支持者称，这项措施是对共和党《一个宏大美丽法案》导致联邦医疗保健支出削减的必要回应，预计加州未来每年将出现约200亿美元的资金缺口，这威胁到为加州低收入群体提供医疗保健的“医疗”（Medi-Cal）计划。他们估计，该财富税能筹集1000亿美元，足以填补约五年的资金缺口。
与此同时，提案反对者辩称，这项税法可能损害他们创立事业和积累财富的故土，出生于莫斯科的布林在接受《纽约时报》罕见采访时，将这项税比作他童年逃离的社会，并表示他不希望加州走上社会主义道路。
纽森在为全国性税收辩护时曾表示，第40号提案无法解决加州住房、儿童保育或教育等其他预算需求，他反对“单一倡导组织自行制定该州的税法”。
作为“支持第40号提案”团体成员的提案发起人之一苏珊娜·希门尼斯指责反对者开展了“极具误导性和腐败性质的竞选活动”，并批评他们投入的资金规模。
“用金钱购买选举与赢得辩论不可同日而语，”希门尼斯在一份声明中表示，还补充道，“亿万富翁或许用金钱在投票箱前换来了一时的胜利，但他们无法终结这场辩论，这仅仅是第一轮交锋。为挽救患者生命、确保亿万富翁支付公平份额的斗争才刚刚开始。”
CNN的大卫·赖特、克莱尔·达菲和爱德华-以撒·多沃雷为本报道作出了贡献。
税收
California voters reject one-time wealth tax on billionaires
Published Nov 10, 2026, 7:34 AM ET
By Katie Dolan and Kaanita Iyer
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People attend a rally against Proposition 40 at the Iron Workers Apprenticeship Training Center in La Palma, California, on October 5.
Eric Thayer/Los Angeles Times/Getty Images
Voters in California have rejected a measure to impose a one-time 5% wealth tax on residents with a net worth of over $1 billion.
Proposition 40 became one of the highest-profile and expensive fights over ballot measures this election cycle. With the backing of billionaire funders, groups opposing the proposition spent tens of millions of dollars in ads against the measure.
The wealth tax would have applied to around 250 billionaires in California, with the funding raised primarily earmarked for healthcare following federal cuts to Medicaid and other programs.
Tech and corporate leaders had threatened to move their residences, and even their businesses, out of California if the measure passed – potentially depriving the state of crucial jobs. The battle over Proposition 40 was one of the most expensive political fights in the country with Google co-founder Sergey Brin funneling just over $100 million to a group trying to defeat the tax.
California’s Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom had said he would vote against the measure, instead proposing a national tax on billionaires as he eyes a potential 2028 presidential run. Gov.-elect Xavier Becerra, another Democrat, also expressed opposition.
But the measure had the backing of other prominent Democrats, including progressive Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont and Rep. Ro Khanna of California, along with several unions.
Proponents have said the measure was a necessary response to federal healthcare spending cuts from Republicans’ One Big Beautiful Bill Act, estimating a shortfall of about $20 billion per year for California moving forward, which threatens the state’s Medi-Cal program that provides healthcare to low-income Californians. They estimated the wealth tax could raise $100 billion, enough to cover the shortfall for about five years.
Meanwhile, opponents of the measure had argued it could harm the state where they built their businesses and fortunes, with Brin — who was born in Moscow — comparing the tax in a rare comment to The New York Times to the society he fled as a child and saying he doesn’t want California to adopt socialism.
Newsom, in making the case for a national tax, had said Prop 40 would not address other state budget needs like housing, childcare or education and disagreed with “a single advocacy organization” writing “the state’s tax code on its own terms.”
Suzanne Jimenez, a sponsor of the measure as part of the group Yes on 40, accused opponents of running a “deeply misleading and corrupt campaign” and criticized the amount of money they poured into it.
“Buying an election is not the same as winning the debate,” Jimenez said in a statement, adding, “The billionaires may have bought themselves a temporary victory at the ballot box, but they have not bought themselves an end to this debate, and this is only round one. This fight to save patient lives and ensure billionaires pay their fair share has only just begun.”
CNN’s David Wright, Clare Duffy and Edward-Isaac Dovere contributed to this report.
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