2026年10月28日 美国东部时间下午2:40 | 福克斯新闻
法律专家质疑,对无记名选票的统计分析能否证明选民因两个相近的名字产生了误解
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传统基金会高级研究员唐·帕尔默解释了司法部若想成功阻止阿拉斯加州参议院选举,需要满足哪些条件。
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司法部在阿拉斯加州面临一场艰难的法律斗争,该部门正试图说服联邦法院,两位名字极为相近的参议院候选人之间的混淆,已足以成为推迟选举结果认证的理由。
在10月22日选举日的大约两周前,司法部提起联邦诉讼,要求若参议员丹·沙利文落败且另一位名为丹尼尔·J·沙利文的候选人获得的选票可能改变选举结果,在调查选民是否误选了错误候选人期间,推迟对选举结果的认证。
司法部的诉讼源于阿拉斯加州的一起争议:两位名为丹·沙利文的人士在该州选票上并列出现,其中一位是退休的中小学教师,另一位是该州现任联邦参议员。尽管阿拉斯加州在参议院选举中传统上是共和党票仓,但今年该州的选举可能具有更大的全国意义,因为共和党正寻求捍卫其在参议院的微弱多数席位。
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《纽约时报》周三报道,阿拉斯加州民主党参议院候选人玛丽·佩奥拉的竞选团队,据报道曾与相关人员合作招募另一位名为丹·沙利文的人士参选阿拉斯加州参议院席位,希望选民混淆身份能分流现任共和党参议员的选票。《纽约时报》引述采访记录、短信内容及为潜在诉讼准备的文件报道,该举措还瞄准了其他可能充当搅局者的候选人,尽管佩奥拉竞选团队一再否认与第二位沙利文候选人有关联。
托德·布兰奇在激烈的选举交锋中仅引述部分宪法条文,达娜·巴什对此提出质疑
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新参选的参议员候选人丹·沙利文(左)与阿拉斯加州共和党参议员丹·沙利文(右)合影。(沙利文联邦参议员竞选团队;布兰登·贝尔-Pool/盖蒂图片社)
周日,佩奥拉竞选团队与民主党参议院竞选委员会提交了驳回司法部诉讼的动议提案,主张司法部引用的联邦法律适用于选民登记,而非候选人资格或选票设计。他们还敦促法院在选举日前解决此案。
保守派认为,同一张选票上两个相近的名字可能导致希望连任该州共和党参议员的选民误投给那位退休教师。反对将丹尼尔·J·沙利文从选票上除名的人士认为,与现任同名并非取消资格的理由,且阿拉斯加州的排序复选投票制度允许选民对两位候选人进行排序,有可能限制误选的影响。
阿拉斯加州选举部门最初支持保守派的立场,裁定教师身份的沙利文参选无效,认定其参选并非出于真诚、为当选而发起的合法竞选,而是为了混淆选民,使其将他误认为参议员。阿拉斯加州高等法院法官托马斯·马修斯在6月推翻了该裁定,认为选举部门无权以该理由取消候选人资格。
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阿拉斯加州共和党参议员丹·沙利文与前民主党众议员玛丽·佩奥拉合影。(安德鲁·哈尼克/盖蒂图片社;纳撒尼尔·怀尔德/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
阿拉斯加州的大选选票将现任候选人标注为“沙利文·丹·S.”,并带有共和党及现任身份标识,而另一位候选人则标注为“沙利文·丹尼尔·J·小”,未标注政党归属,部分人士认为这一设计足以消除可能的混淆。不过,司法部的律师仍不认可这一做法。
尽管代理司法部长托德·布兰奇表示,官员们可以排查排序复选选票模式以寻找混淆迹象,但司法部尚未解释这些模式如何能证明个别选民误选了错误候选人。选民隐私保护措施成为潜在联邦诉讼的主要障碍,因为要将具体选票与具体选民关联,作为混淆的证据,几乎是不可能的。
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阿拉斯加州的投票制度是美国各州中独一无二的;共和党人担心这可能会影响他们在11月的选举结果
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阿拉斯加州共和党参议员丹·沙利文于2026年6月17日在华盛顿特区美国国会大厦的参议院地铁通道内。(丹尼尔·霍伊尔/Bloomberg)
“这是事后根本无法衡量的事情,”圣母大学法学教授德里克·穆勒谈及司法部从无记名选票推断选民意图的计划时如此表示。
布兰奇在接受媒体采访时,透露了他希望司法部解决这一问题的思路。
“所以,由于排序复选投票,选民……他们在选票上不仅写了一个、两个,还写了多个名字。因此,存在多种场景,很可能可以看出选民在写下候选人的方式上存在困惑,”布兰奇在接受美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)记者达娜·巴什采访时表示。
布兰奇的言论表明,司法部可能会审查排序复选选票模式以寻找潜在的混淆迹象,尽管仅这些模式无法证明选民原本打算支持另一位候选人。
“从选票结果本身就可以明显看出选民存在困惑,从他们对两位丹·沙利文的排序情况,或是未在选票上标注任何一位丹·沙利文的情况,都能清楚反映这一点,”他在之后接受哥伦比亚广播公司(CBS)采访时这样说道。
阿拉斯加州共和党人争相向选民解释疑似民主党“植入”的候选人,而“选票疲劳”正威胁着该州选举的结果
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2026年6月26日,在阿拉斯加州彼得斯堡,已参选联邦参议员的丹尼尔·J·沙利文拍摄了这张照片。(凯蒂·霍尔姆伦德/美联社)
右翼传统基金会选举诚信高级法律研究员唐·帕尔默告诉福克斯新闻数字版,他认为如果司法部律师的诉讼主张构建得当,可能具备胜诉的条件。但他坚称,仅靠对选票的统计分析,可能不足以让法官认可司法部的立场。
“你将有机会采访证人、进行一些统计分析,然后决定竞选团队是否需要对选举结果提出异议,”帕尔默表示,“所以这实际上是很高的标准,你必须传唤证人。通常不能仅靠一些统计分析来证明……竞选团队需要通过统计数据、专家证词,加上证人证言及宣誓书,向法院证明足够多的选民存在困惑,他们做出了不符合自身意愿的错误选择。只有在这种情况下,法院才能决定是否推翻选举结果。”
美国优先政策研究所的一位发言人告诉福克斯新闻数字版:“如果选民将非共和党的丹·沙利文列为第一选择,但在选票下方将其他共和党人列为第一选择,这可能显示出存在混淆的模式,即选民原本希望将共和党作为第一选择,但由于选票上同时出现丹尼尔·J·沙利文导致的混乱,他们未能做到这一点。”
左翼智库美国进步中心高级研究员、选举问题专家本·霍夫兰则对司法部的胜诉前景更为悲观。
出现双同名者:第二位丹·沙利文参选,阿拉斯加州参议院选票将出现奇特组合
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2026年7月15日,代理司法部长托德·布兰奇在华盛顿特区参议院办公大楼的 Dirksen 参议院办公楼出席参议院司法委员会对其司法部长提名的确认听证会。(阿纳多卢通讯社 via 盖蒂图片社)
“你从未见过有人依据《全国选民登记法》提出这样的主张,”他告诉福克斯新闻数字版,“这并非联邦法律管辖的事项,而是各州选票资格的问题,阿拉斯加州最高法院数月前已就该问题作出裁决。司法部此时介入并提出这一主张,看起来并非是要在诉讼中胜诉,因为似乎不存在任何他们能胜诉的场景;这显然是为了制造混淆或怀疑,为行政当局若不认可选民结果就动摇选举结果做铺垫。”
自由意志主义智库卡托研究所高级法律研究员沃尔特·奥尔森也不认为司法部能让其诉讼顺利推进。
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“我不会期待布兰奇的相关努力能取得多大进展,除非联邦法院裁定阿拉斯加州让这位退休教师留在选票上违反了联邦(而非州)法律,”奥尔森告诉福克斯新闻数字版,“我认为在这一点上,州政府很可能在联邦法院中打赢布兰奇,这应该会让此案终结。”
阿拉斯加州已提出驳回司法部的诉讼。
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Peltola campaign’s alleged Dan Sullivan spoiler plot takes new turn as DOJ faces major legal hurdle
October 28, 2026 2:40pm EDT | Fox News
Legal experts question whether statistical analysis of anonymous ballots can demonstrate voters were misled by similar names
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Heritage Foundation senior fellow Don Palmer explains what it would take for the DOJ to successfully block Alaska’s Senate election.
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The Department of Justice faces an uphill legal battle in Alaska, where it is trying to convince a federal court that confusion between two Senate candidates with nearly identical names could be enough to delay certification of the election results.
Roughly two weeks before Election Day on Oct. 22, the DOJ filed a federal lawsuit seeking to delay certification if Sen. Dan Sullivan loses and votes cast for another candidate named Daniel J. Sullivan could have changed the result, pending an investigation into whether voters mistakenly selected the wrong candidate.
The DOJ’s complaint stems from a controversy in Alaska where two individuals by the name of Dan Sullivan, one a retired schoolteacher and the other the state’s incumbent senator, appear alongside each other on the state’s ballots. Although Alaska has traditionally been a Republican stronghold in Senate elections, the state’s race could carry greater national significance this year as Republicans seek to defend their narrow Senate majority.
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The New York Times reported Wednesday that the campaign of Mary Peltola, the Democrat running for Senate in Alaska, reportedly worked with operatives to recruit another Dan Sullivan to run for Alaska’s Senate seat, hoping voter confusion would draw support from the incumbent Republican senator. Citing interviews, text messages and documents prepared for a potential lawsuit, the Times reported that the effort also targeted other potential spoiler candidates, despite the Peltola campaign’s repeated denials of involvement in the second Sullivan’s candidacy.
TODD BLANCHE CHALLENGES DANA BASH FOR ONLY CITING PART OF CONSTITUTION DURING HEATED ELECTION CLASH
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Newly-introduced Senate candidate Dan Sullivan, left, pictured alongside Sen. Dan Sullivan, R-Alaska, right.(Sullivan for U.S. Senate; Brandon Bell-Pool/Getty Images)
On Sunday, Peltola’s campaign and the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee filed a proposed motion to dismiss the Justice Department’s lawsuit, arguing that the federal law cited by the DOJ governs voter registration, not candidate eligibility or ballot design. They also urged the court to resolve the case before Election Day.
Conservatives have argued that two similar names on the same ballot could possibly lead to voters who would prefer to reelect the state’s Republican senator accidentally voting for the retired school teacher. Opponents of the effort to remove Daniel J. Sullivan from the ballot argue that sharing a name with an incumbent is not grounds for disqualification and that Alaska’s ranked-choice voting system allows voters to rank both candidates, potentially limiting the effects of mistaken selections.
Alaska’s Division of Elections initially sided with conservatives, disqualifying Sullivan the schoolteacher by finding that his candidacy was not a genuine, good-faith bid for office but instead was designed to confuse voters into mistaking him for the senator. Alaska Superior Court Judge Thomas Matthews overturned the decision in June, holding that the Division of Elections had no authority to void a candidacy on that basis.
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Sen. Dan Sullivan, R-Alaska, and former Rep. Mary Peltola, D-Alaska.(Andrew Harnik/Getty Images; Nathaniel Wilder/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
Alaska’s general election ballot identifies the incumbent as “Sullivan, Dan S.,” with Republican and incumbent designations, while listing the other candidate as “Sullivan, Daniel J. Jr.,” without a party affiliation, a measure some argue is enough to clear up potential confusion. Lawyers at the Justice Department, however, remain unconvinced.
Although Attorney General Todd Blanche has suggested that officials could examine ranked-choice ballot patterns for signs of confusion, the Justice Department has not explained how those patterns could establish that individual voters mistakenly selected the wrong candidate. Voter privacy protections pose a major obstacle to a potential federal case, as it would be nigh impossible to tie specific voters to specific ballots to serve as evidence of confusion.
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ALASKA HAS A VOTING SYSTEM LIKE NO OTHER STATE; REPUBLICANS WORRY IT COULD COST THEM IN NOVEMBER
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Sen. Dan Sullivan, a Republican from Alaska, stands in the Senate Subway of the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., on June 17, 2026.(Daniel Heuer/Bloomberg)
“This is just the stuff that is just impossible to measure after the fact,” Notre Dame law professor Derek Muller said of the DOJ’s plan to infer voter intentions from anonymous ballots.
Blanche, in interviews with the press, has provided some insight into how he would like the DOJ to go about solving this problem.
“So, because of rank-based voting, voters… they write not just one, not just two, but multiple names on the ballot. And so there are a number of scenarios where it could be obvious that a voter was confused by the way they wrote down candidates,” Blanche told CNN’s Dana Bash.
Blanche’s comments suggest that the Justice Department could examine ranked-choice ballot patterns for potential signs of confusion, although such patterns alone would not establish whether voters intended to support a different candidate.
“It will be obvious from the results and from the ballots that voters were confused, and that could be obvious from the way that they rank the Dan Sullivans or not including a Dan Sullivan on the ballot,” he said in a later interview with CBS.
ALASKA REPUBLICANS SCRAMBLE TO EDUCATE VOTERS ON SUSPECTED DEM PLANT AS ‘BALLOT FATIGUE’ THREATENS RACE
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Dan J. Sullivan, who has filed to run for U.S. Senate in Alaska, poses for a photo in Petersburg, Alaska, on June 26, 2026.(Katie Holmlund/Associated Press)
Don Palmer, senior legal fellow for election integrity at the right-of-center Heritage Foundation, told Fox News Digital that he feels the Justice Department might have a case if the agency’s lawyers construct it properly. Statistical analysis of ballots alone, he maintains, will likely not be sufficient to convince a judge of the administration’s position.
“You’ll have the opportunity to interview witnesses, do some statistical analysis, and make a decision whether or not the campaign wants to contest the results of the election,” Palmer said. “So it’s actually quite a high standard where you have to bring in witnesses. You can’t generally just prove it with some statistical analysis… the campaign would have to show to the court through statistical and expert testimony, plus witness testimony, plus affidavits, that enough voters were confused, that they made inaccurate choices on what they intended to do. Then and only then could the court determine whether the race should be overturned.”
“If voters voted for the non-Republican Dan Sullivan as their first choice, but voted down ballot for Republicans as their first choice otherwise, that could indicate patterns of confusion whereby voters were looking to vote straight Republican as their first choice and were prevented from doing so because the inclusion of Daniel J. Sullivan on the ballot confused matters,” a spokesman for the America First Policy Institute told Fox News Digital.
Ben Hovland, a senior fellow at the left-of-center Center for American Progress and an expert on elections, was more bearish on the DOJ’s prospects.
SEEING DOUBLE: SECOND DAN SULLIVAN ADVANCES, SETTING UP BIZARRE ALASKA SENATE BALLOT
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Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche appears before a Senate Judiciary Committee confirmation hearing for his nomination to be attorney general at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington, D.C., on July 15, 2026.(Anadolu via Getty Images)
“You’ve never seen a claim like this made under the National Voter Registration Act,” he told Fox News Digital. “This is not a matter of federal law. This is a state ballot qualification issue and the Alaska Supreme Court addressed this issue months ago. For the Department of Justice to step in at this point and sort of make this claim, you know, doesn’t appear to be about winning in a lawsuit because it doesn’t seem like there’s any scenario where [they win], this is clearly about trying to sow confusion or sow doubt or set the stage to undermine the results of the election if the administration doesn’t like what the voters will have to say.”
Walter Olson, a senior legal fellow at the libertarian Cato Institute, also isn’t convinced that the Justice Department will be able to get its case off the ground.
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“I wouldn’t expect Blanche’s local allies to get very far in this effort unless a federal court rules in favor of his theory that Alaska violated federal (as opposed to state) law by letting the schoolteacher stay on the ballot,” Olson told Fox News Digital. “I think the state is likely to beat Blanche in federal court on that point, and that should end the case.”
Alaska has already moved to have the DOJ’s case dismissed.
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The DOJ did not respond to a request for comment when reached by Fox News Digital on Tuesday.
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