发布时间：美国东部时间2026年10月23日下午3:49 / 福克斯新闻
约1.25亿巴西人使用从不联网、并接受数月公开审计的机器完成投票
作者：索利·布西丹 福克斯新闻
2026年10月4日首轮投票结束后，里约热内卢某投票站的画面显示，选举工作人员正在取回投票结果报告，并断开投票机器的连接。（路透社）
NEW 您现在可以收听福克斯新闻的文章了
巴西圣保罗—— 约1.25亿巴西人于10月4日使用不打印纸质选票的机器完成投票。投票站关闭后不到四小时，该国就确定总统选举将进入决选，对阵双方是保守派挑战者弗拉维奥·博索纳罗和左翼总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦。
这一流程已沿用三十余年，巴西人早已习惯其速度、简洁性、准确性和规范性。该系统拥有严格审计、完全不联网，是全球规模最大的数字投票系统。
分析人士指出，距离美国中期选举还有11天，巴西的这套系统或许能为美国人提供更安全的投票方式。
该系统获得广泛赞誉，甚至在唐纳德·特朗普总统2025年发布的选举行政命令中被提及，其中将巴西的生物识别选民身份识别作为范例。不过，巴西的计票工作部分依赖总统曾誓言要淘汰的无纸机器。
美国国务院考虑共享护照记录用于选民公民身份核查
2026年9月23日，巴西巴西利亚，选举工作人员在大选前夕准备并封存电子投票机器。（马特乌斯·博诺米/安纳多卢通讯社/盖蒂图片社）
一人一票：数字核验
多年来，巴西将联邦、州和市政数据库整合为数字投票记录，选民身份、资格和投票权通常必须通过生物识别方式核验。近九成选民通过指纹解锁机器。
负责设计投票机器并监督选举的巴西高等选举法院（TSE）表示，自1996年启用该机器以来，从未有过被证实的舞弊行为。10月4日使用的49.9248万台机器从未联网。其软件在公开场合被数字签名和封存前，已向各政党、大学和监督机构开放了11个月接受审查。去年12月，巴西政府邀请创纪录的149名外部人员尝试破解该系统；评估人员得出结论，他们没有发现任何可以改变选举结果或泄露任何人投票信息的漏洞。
2026年9月23日星期三，巴西巴西利亚，地区选举法院（TRE）某场所内的一台电子投票机器。（通·莫利纳/彭博社/盖蒂图片社）
选举日当天，随机抽取的机器会在镜头前装入纸质选票，联邦审计员和外国观察员会在一旁监督，专门追踪计票结果。
与此同时，投票站关闭时，每个投票站使用的所有机器都会打印出计票结果，然后张贴在投票站前方，并附上二维码，方便任何人对照全国计票结果进行核对。TSE在致福克斯新闻数字平台的邮件中表示，每个文件的数字签名“确认结果由该投票站登记使用的电子投票机器生成”。
巴西资本市场研究院（IBMEC）的政治学家、教授卡琳娜·斯坦热·卡兰德琳指出，这套系统结合了三种难得一见的特性：投票采用电子化、哈希到选民资格的选票存储在本地机器、计票过程自动完成。
“这是一套极其安全可靠的系统。机器从不联网，就连用于向TSE传输计票结果的中央数据库系统，也必须与每台机器物理和本地生成的结果匹配，且无需人工干预，”她表示。破坏这套系统需要破解每台机器的封条并安装与TSE版本不符的软件，这会自动使计票结果失效——如此大规模的合谋“根本不可能不被察觉”。
哥伦比亚“老虎”锁定总统职位，左翼对手最终承认败选
2026年10月3日，巴西里约热内卢，巴西右翼参议员、总统候选人自由党（PL）的弗拉维奥·博索纳罗在大选前夕的竞选集会上，与联邦众议员、里约热内卢州长候选人道格拉斯·鲁阿斯（左）在里约热内卢西区卡波格朗德社区向民众致意。巴西民众将于2026年10月4日前往投票站投票。（道格拉斯·施耐德/法新社/盖蒂图片社）
2022年，这套机器经受住了最严峻的政治考验。当时，前总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗因策划推翻2022年败选结果，目前正服27年徒刑，他曾无凭无据地多年攻击这套机器的可信度。博索纳罗目前正处于居家监禁状态。
今年，博索纳罗首次任命人士执掌TSE：法官卡西奥·努内斯·马克斯。博索纳罗的长子、参议员弗拉维奥·博索纳罗获得47%的选票，总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦获得45%。引发博索纳罗争议的核心机器可能还会为他儿子带来胜利。
曾为17个国家审计选举的e-stategiapublica首席执行官弗洛伦西亚·费雷尔确信，巴西的这套系统是全球最现代、最安全的。“印度的投票是电子化的，但每位选民都会拿到纸质选票带回家，这削弱了投票安全性并增加胁迫率，”她表示，并补充道，爱沙尼亚的互联网投票以及菲律宾的电子计票纸质选票都各自存在风险。
曾在2014年审计过这些机器的圣保罗大学理工学院工程师因工作敏感未透露姓名，他也持同样看法。“虽然没有系统是绝对不会出错的……我们没有发现任何篡改、不当行为或恶意意图的迹象，”他告诉福克斯新闻数字平台。
不过，也有人呼吁更严格的审查。安全研究人员表示，无舞弊记录不足以作为充分证据，卡特中心也指出，选民至少应该看到自己的选票被投入机器的独立区域；否则，结果的完整性仅依赖于软件。德国最高法院在2009年裁定，选民必须能够在无需专家帮助的情况下核查选票，实际上禁止了类似巴西的这套系统。
巴西的这套机器大多被借给拉丁美洲、非洲和亚洲的国家。巴拉圭于2006年永久采用，目前使用的机器会打印每位选民的投票信息。
点击下载福克斯新闻应用
2026年10月3日，巴西圣保罗，巴西总统、总统候选人路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦（中）在大选前夕的竞选集会上，与副总统热拉尔多·阿尔克明（左）以及圣保罗州长候选人费尔南多·阿迪德一同挥手致意。巴西民众将于2026年10月4日前往投票站投票。（路易斯·罗巴约/法新社/盖蒂图片社）
“显然，在投票日的计票技术和安全方面，华盛顿和美国其他地区远远落后了，”费雷尔表示。美国选举由50个州规则下的数千个地方辖区运营，2024年约30%的选票通过邮寄方式提交，处理速度较慢。巴西有一个国家级选举管理机构，实行强制投票，不设邮寄选票。
巴西民众将于本周日10月25日投票。预计胜出者将在五小时内被确定并认证。
“问题不是巴西是否发明了完美的投票机器，没有任何投票系统是完美的。关键在于民主国家能否将数字计票的速度和一致性，与独立核查、公众监督以及符合各政治派别的公民都有理由信任的规则相结合，”费雷尔表示。
索利·布西丹是福克斯新闻数字平台报道拉丁美洲新闻的国际记者。他此前曾为多家美国和国际媒体报道国际事务、战争、金融和旅游。他目前常驻巴西。
Brazil’s rapid election count puts spotlight on voting security ahead of US midterms
Published October 23, 2026 3:49pm EDT / Fox News
About 125 million Brazilians voted on machines that never connect to the internet and are audited publicly for months
By Solly Boussidan Fox News
Footage from a polling station in Rio de Janeiro showed electoral officials retrieving the voting results reports and disconnecting the machines after the first round of voting on Oct. 4, 2026. (Reuters)
NEW You can now listen to Fox News articles!
SAO PAULO, Brazil— About 125 million Brazilians voted Oct. 4 on machines that print no paper ballots. Less than four hours after polls closed, the country knew its presidential election was headed to a runoff between conservative challenger Flavio Bolsonaro and leftist President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.
That process has been in place for over three decades, and Brazilians have become accustomed to its speed, simplicity, accuracy and routine. The system is robustly audited, completely disconnected from the Internet, and is the largest digital voting system deployed on the planet.
Eleven days before the U.S. midterms, Brazil’s system, analysts say, could offer Americans a more secure way to vote.
The system has been widely praised and was also mentioned in President Donald Trump’s 2025 executive order on elections, where he cited Brazil’s biometric voter identification as an example. Yet Brazil’s count runs partially on the kind of paperless machines that the president has vowed to scrap.
STATE DEPARTMENT CONSIDERS SHARING PASSPORT RECORDS FOR VOTER CITIZENSHIP CHECKS
Election workers prepare and seal electronic voting machines ahead of the upcoming general elections in Brasilia, Brazil, on Sept. 23, 2026.(Mateus Bonomi/Anadolu via Getty Images)
One citizen, one vote: digitally checked
Over the years, Brazil merged federal, state and municipal databases into a digital voting record, whereby voter identity, eligibility and single ability to vote can (and usually must) be verified biometrically. Nearly 9 in 10 voters unlock the machines with a fingerprint.
Brazil’s Superior Electoral Court, or TSE, which designs the machines and oversees elections, says there has been no proven fraud since their 1996 debut. The 499,248 machines used on Oct. 4 never connected to the internet. Their software was open to inspection by parties, universities and watchdogs for 11 months before being digitally signed and sealed in public. Last December, the Brazilian government invited a record 149 outsiders to try to break the system; evaluators concluded nothing they found could alter results or reveal how anyone voted.
An electronic voting machine at a Regional Electoral Court (TRE) facility in Brasilia, Brazil, on Wednesday, Sept. 23, 2026.(Ton Molina/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
On election day, randomly drawn machines are fed paper ballots on camera as federal auditors and foreign observers watch and specifically track results.
Meanwhile, at closing, every machine used at every polling station prints its tally, which is then posted in front of the polling place with a QR code, so anyone can check it against the national count. In an email to Fox News Digital, TSE said each file’s digital signature “confirms that the result was produced by the electronic voting machine registered for that polling station.”
Karina Stange Calandrin, a political scientist and professor at Instituto Brasileiro de Mercado de Capitais (IBMEC), says the system combines three traits rarely found together: voting is electronic, votes hashed to voter eligibility are stored locally in the machine and tallying is automated.
“It is an extremely secure and safe system. The machines never connect to the Internet and even the central database system used to transmit tallied votes to TSE must match results issued physically and locally by each individual machine without human interference,” she said. Corrupting it, she added, would require breaking the seal of each machine and installing software that wouldn’t match the TSE’s version, automatically disqualifying its tally — a scale of collusion so large that it “simply could not pass undetected.”
COLOMBIA’S ‘EL TIGRE’ SECURES PRESIDENCY AS LEFTIST RIVAL FINALLY CONCEDES DEFEAT
Brazil’s right-wing senator and presidential candidate Flavio Bolsonaro of the Liberal Party (PL) gestures next to federal deputy and candidate for governor of Rio de Janeiro, Douglas Ruas (L) during a campaign rally on the eve of the general election, in Campo Grande neighborhood, in the western zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on October 3, 2026. Brazilians go to the polls on Oct. 4, 2026.(Douglas SHINEIDR / AFP via Getty Images)
The machines passed their toughest political test in 2022, when former President Jair Bolsonaro, now serving a 27-year sentence for plotting to overturn his 2022 defeat, spent years attacking their credibility without evidence. Bolsonaro is presently serving time under house arrest.
This year, for the first time, a Bolsonaro appointee ran the TSE: Justice Kassio Nunes Marques. Bolsonaro’s eldest son, Sen. Flávio Bolsonaro, finished first with 47% to President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s 45%. The machines at the center of the senior Bolsonaro’s controversy may yet hand victory to his son.
Florencia Ferrer, CEO of e-stategiapublica, which has audited elections in 17 countries, has no doubt the Brazilian system is the most modern and secure in the world. “In India votes are electronic, but each voter gets a printed version of their vote to take home, which weakens voter safety and augments coercion rates,” she says, adding that Estonia’s internet voting and the Philippines’ electronically tallied paper ballots carry their own risks.
An engineer from the University of São Paulo’s Polytechnic School who audited the machines in 2014, and declined to be named due to the sensitive nature of his work, agreed. “While no system is completely infallible… we have found no traces of tampering, wrong-doing or malicious intent,” he told Fox News Digital.
Still, some defend higher scrutiny. Security researchers say a clean record is not proof enough, and the Carter Center said voters should at least see a printed version of their ballot deposited into a separate area of the machine; otherwise, results integrity rests on software alone. Germany’s top court ruled in 2009 that voters must be able to check their ballot without expert help, effectively barring a Brazilian-like system.
Brazil’s machine has traveled mostly on loan to countries in Latin America, Africa and Asia. Paraguay adopted it permanently in 2006, with machines that now print each individual vote.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP
Brazil’s President and presidential candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (C) waves next to Vice-President Geraldo Alckmin (L) and to his candidate for São Paulo’s governor, Fernando Haddad during a campaign rally on the eve of the general election, in São Paulo, Brazil on October 3, 2026. Brazilians go to the polls on Oct. 4, 2026,(Luis Robayo/AFP Via Getty Images)
“It’s obvious Washington and the remainder of the U.S. are way behind both technology as well as security when it comes to polling on voting day,” Ferrer said. U.S. elections are run in thousands of local jurisdictions under 50 sets of state rules and about 30% of 2024 ballots came by mail, which is slower to process. Brazil has one national election authority, compulsory voting and no mail-in ballots.
Brazilians will vote this coming Sunday on Oct. 25. The winner is expected to be known and certified in under five hours.
“The question is not whether Brazil has invented a perfect voting machine. No voting system is perfect. It is whether democracies can combine the speed and consistency of digital tabulation with independent verification, public scrutiny and rules that citizens across the political spectrum have reason to trust,” Ferrer said.
Solly Boussidan is an international journalist covering Latin America for Fox News Digital. He has previously covered international affairs, war, finance and travel for several U.S. and international outlets. He is currently based in Brazil.
发表回复