2026年10月16日 / 美国东部时间晚上10:38 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
特朗普总统上周五晚豁免了部分针对俄罗斯的新制裁和对大规模俄罗斯原油买家的高额关税，搁置了一项旨在向俄罗斯政府施压的两党法案——此时特朗普正试图通过进口俄罗斯能源来压低油价。
根据林赛·O·格雷厄姆《对俄罗斯制裁法案》，原本定于周日对全球五家最大俄罗斯原油和天然气进口国加征100%的关税，该法案已于上月晚些时候由特朗普签署生效。但该法案赋予总统权力，若他向国会证明暂停制裁“符合美国国家利益”，即可豁免部分条款，特朗普在上周五的一项行政令中援引了这一条款。
总统表示他已向国会提交了相关通知。
他同时还豁免了该法案中针对俄罗斯商品500%的关税，并暂停了其他部分对俄制裁。特朗普称，豁免措施将持续到政府官员“认定有必要采取进一步行动”为止，并指示其团队成员“监控”所有进口俄罗斯能源或规避制裁的国家。
这项由已故参议员林赛·格雷厄姆倡导的法案，在其去世后才得以通过，主要矛头指向全球最大的俄罗斯石油和天然气进口国，包括中国、印度和土耳其。欧盟历史上也曾大量进口俄罗斯天然气，但近年来已大幅削减了进口规模。
此次上周五晚间的豁免措施出台一周前，特朗普刚放松了对俄罗斯柴油的制裁，并宣布与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京达成协议，向美国市场进口柴油。
此举标志着美国政策的重大转变。多年来，美国一直对俄罗斯石油和天然气实施严格制裁，并敦促其他国家效仿，以阻止普京利用本国能源财富资助对乌克兰的入侵。
但在伊朗冲突推高油价后油价持续高企，特朗普愈发将注意力转向俄罗斯和乌克兰，他辩称乌克兰冲突推高了能源价格。
上周末，特朗普敦促两国停止攻击对方的能源基础设施，并宣布了一项“能源停火”协议。乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基最初表示愿意遵守能源停火协议，但在俄罗斯持续发动袭击后，他于本周早些时候称乌克兰将不再克制打击俄罗斯炼油厂。
美国总统此前曾抨击泽连斯基，称自己“不太喜欢他”。
放松制裁的决定在国会遭到了反对。本周早些时候，两党参议员团体称柴油关税豁免是“对乌克兰人民的背叛”，并敦促特朗普落实格雷厄姆法案中规定的制裁和关税措施。
他们在信中写道：“这些权限要求你对俄罗斯及其战争的主要支持者，特别是中国，施加经济压力，从而增强你的谈判地位，以迅速结束这场破坏性的冲突。”
Trump waives tariffs on largest buyers of Russian oil, days before Lindsey Graham-backed law was set to take effect
October 16, 2026 / 10:38 PM EDT / CBS News
President Trump prevented some new sanctions on Russia and hefty tariffs on large-scale buyers of Russian oil from taking effect late Friday, waiving portions of a bipartisan law aimed at pressuring the Russian government — as Mr. Trump seeks to ease prices by tapping Russian energy.
Tariffs of 100% on the world’s five largest importers of Russian crude oil and natural gas were set to take effect on Sunday under the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia Act, which Mr. Trump signed late last month. But the law gives the president the authority to waive portions of the law if he certifies to Congress that halting the sanctions is “in the national interests of the United States,” a provision that Mr. Trump invoked in an executive order Friday.
The president said he sent a notification to Congress.
He also waived the law’s 500% tariffs on Russian goods, and halted certain other sanctions on Russia. He said the waivers will remain in place until administration officials “determine that further action is appropriate,” and directed members of his administration to “monitor” countries that import Russian energy or evade sanctions.
The law — championed by the late Sen. Lindsey Graham, who died before it was passed — largely took aim at the world’s largest buyers of Russian oil and gas, including China, India and Turkey. The European Union has also historically purchased large quantities of natural gas from Russia, but it has cut imports significantly in recent years.
The Friday night waivers came one week after Mr. Trump eased sanctions on Russian diesel and announced a deal with Russian President Vladimir Putin to import diesel to the U.S. market.
The moves mark an about-face for the United States, which has imposed tight restrictions on Russian oil and gas for years — and urged other countries to follow suit — in an effort to prevent Putin from using his country’s energy wealth to finance his invasion of Ukraine.
But as oil prices remain high after spiking due to the Iran war, Mr. Trump has increasingly turned his attention to Russia and Ukraine, arguing that war in Ukraine has pushed up energy prices.
Mr. Trump pressed both countries to stop attacking each other’s energy infrastructure last weekend, announcing an “energy ceasefire.” Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy initially said he was willing to abide by an energy ceasefire, but after Russian attacks continued, he said earlier this week that Ukraine would no longer hold off on striking Russian refineries.
The U.S. president has lashed out at Zelenskyy, saying he is “not a big fan.”
The decision to ease sanctions has drawn pushback in Congress. Earlier this week, a bipartisan group of senators called the diesel waivers a “betrayal of the people of Ukraine,” and urged Mr. Trump to enforce the sanctions and tariffs laid out in the Graham law.
“These authorities require you to apply economic pressure on Russia and the chief enablers of its war, in particular China, and thereby enhance your negotiating position to bring a swift end to this ruinous conflict,” they wrote.
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