2026-10-12T06:18:00-0400 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻网
更新于：2026年10月12日 / 美国东部时间早上6:47 / 哥伦比亚广播公司/美联社
斯德哥尔摩电——出生于美国的经济学家罗伯特·E·霍尔与迈克尔·伍德福德凭借助力各国政府和央行管理经济冲击的模型研究，于周一斩获诺贝尔经济学纪念奖。
瑞典皇家科学院在斯德哥尔摩宣布了获奖者名单，表示二人将因“为宏观经济稳定奠定微观经济学基础”获奖。
“这两位获奖者帮助我们平缓了经济的峰谷波动，”科学院在一份声明中说道。
现年83岁的霍尔隶属于美国加利福尼亚州斯坦福大学，1955年出生的伍德福德则隶属于纽约哥伦比亚大学。
罗伯特·E·霍尔（左）与迈克尔·伍德福德于2026年10月12日在斯德哥尔摩瑞典皇家科学院被宣布为2026年诺贝尔经济学奖得主。TT新闻社/安德斯·维克兰德 路透社
伍德福德周一在纽约通过电话向评奖委员会发表感言：“这是莫大的荣誉，完全出乎意料。”
“获奖者的研究为如今全球各国央行和政府使用的经济模型提供了稳固的理论基础，”瑞典国家银行经济学奖委员会主席约翰·哈斯勒在一份新闻稿中表示。
“借助这些研究，我们能够更妥善地应对经济冲击，比如能源危机或是家庭消费模式的突然转变。”
数十年来，各国政府应对经济冲击时一直遵循英国经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯在大萧条时期提出的政策方案：通过减税和增加政府支出干预经济，以此鼓励消费者和企业增加开支与投资，推动经济复苏增长。
“这就是凯恩斯主义政策，曾成效显著——直到不再奏效，”诺贝尔经济学奖委员会成员蒂莫·博帕特说道。
此前政策制定者认为经济管理涉及简单的权衡取舍——例如，高通胀时期失业率会维持低位，而通胀回落时失业率则会上升。但20世纪70年代的“滞胀”现象——全球经济同时遭遇高通胀与高失业——证明这一理论过于简单化。
霍尔与伍德福德着手构建更完善的模型，将消费者和企业在投资与消费决策中的实际行为纳入考量。
“罗伯特·E·霍尔与迈克尔·伍德福德各自独立的研究成果，共同为稳定政策搭建了新的理论基础，”哈斯勒说道。
去年的诺贝尔经济学奖授予了三名研究商业创新的学者，以表彰他们阐释新产品与发明如何推动经济增长和人类福祉，即便这一过程会将老牌企业淘汰出局。
该经济学奖的正式名称为“瑞典国家银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学科学奖”。瑞典央行于1968年设立该奖项，以纪念19世纪瑞典商人和化学家阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔——他发明了炸药并设立了五项诺贝尔奖。
路透社指出，此前的诺贝尔经济学奖得主大多来自美国，仅有三位女性获奖——最近一次是2023年克劳迪娅·戈尔丁，因其研究美国性别如何长期影响薪资与就业。
诺贝尔奖项的纯粹主义者强调，经济学奖严格来说并非诺贝尔奖，但该奖项始终与其他奖项一同在12月10日颁发，也就是1896年诺贝尔逝世的周年纪念日。
上周已经揭晓了医学、物理学、化学、文学与和平奖的获奖者。
今年的奖金总额为1200万瑞典克朗（约合120万美元），无论获奖者是个人、小型团体还是组织。
Nobel Prize in economics goes to 2 Americans for work helping to manage economic shocks
2026-10-12T06:18:00-0400 / CBS News
Updated on: October 12, 2026 / 6:47 AM EDT / CBS/AP
Stockholm — American-born economists Robert E. Hall and Michael Woodford won the Nobel memorial prize in economics on Monday for their work on models that have helped governments and central banks manage economic shocks.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the winners in Stockholm, saying the winners were being honored “for microeconomic foundations of macroeconomic stabilisation.”
“The laureates have helped us smooth out the economy’s peaks and troughs,” the academy said in a statement.
Hall, 83,is affiliated with Stanford University in California and Woodford, born in 1955, is affiliated with Columbia University in New York.
Robert E. Hall, left, and Michael Woodford are announced as the winners of the 2026 Nobel prize in economics at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm on Oct. 12, 2026. TT News Agency / Anders Wiklund via REUTERS
Woodford spoke to the committee by phone Monday from New York, saying: “It’s a tremendous honor, it’s a surprise.”
“The laureates’ work has provided us with a stable theoretical foundation for the models that are now used by central banks and governments around the world,” John Hassler, chair of the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences, said in a news release.
“With them, we are better equipped to deal with shocks in the economy, such as energy crises or sudden changes in how much households consume.”
For decades, governments responded to economic shocks by following the Depression-era prescriptions of British economist John Maynard Keynes: Intervene in the economy by lowering taxes and hiking government spending, thereby encouraging consumers and businesses to spend and invest themselves and help growth get restarted.
“This is the Keynesian recipe and it worked well – until it didn’t,” said Timo Boppart of the Nobel economics prize committee.
Policymakers had thought economic management involved simple tradeoffs — unemployment, for instance, would stay low at a time of high inflation and rise when inflation fell. But the “stagflation” of the 1970s — when the world economy experienced simultaneous high inflation and high unemployment — proved the formula was simplistic.
Hall and Woodford set about coming up with an improved model that took into account how consumers and businesses actually made decisions about whether to invest and spend.
“In separate contributions, Robert E. Hall and Michael Woodford helped build this new foundation for stabilization policy,” Hassler said.
Last year, three researchers who study business innovation won for explaining how new products and inventions promote economic growth and human welfare, even as they leave older companies in the dust.
The economics prize is formally known as the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. The central bank established it in 1968 as a memorial to Nobel, the 19th-century Swedish businessman and chemist who invented dynamite and established the five Nobel Prizes.
The majority of previous economics winners have been from the U.S., the Reuters news agency points out, adding that only three women have won — most recently, Claudia Goldin in 2023 for work on how gender affects pay and employment over time in the U.S.
Nobel purists stress that the economics prize is technically not a Nobel Prize, but it is always presented together with the others on Dec. 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death in 1896.
Nobel honors were announced last week in medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace.
The prize money this year is 12 million Swedish kronor (about $1.2 million), whether for an individual, small group of laureates or organization.
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