2026-10-01T09:00:31.115Z / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
美国一家网络安全公司周四表示，疑似来自中国的黑客在一场间谍行动中冒充Anthropic公司员工和美国前官员，目的是获取美国人工智能发展的相关情报。
据发现此次活动的总部位于硅谷的Proofpoint公司透露，黑客的攻击目标是美国大学、智库和律师事务所中从事AI出口管制、AI军事应用等相关领域研究的专家的电子邮件账户。
获取这些专家的数字活动信息，可能会让北京方面深入了解美国社会如何应对许多人眼中AI治理这一关乎存亡的关键议题。
Proofpoint公司并未发现有目标组织被成功入侵的证据，但该公司可能仅发现了部分活动，而与北京有关的组织历来会持续攻击某个目标，直到得手为止。
“我们有信心，[该黑客组织]是与中国政府结盟的威胁行为者，依据是其攻击目标始终符合中国政府的利益、我们观测到的基础设施和技术痕迹，以及行业合作伙伴的佐证，”Proofpoint公司的研究人员马克·凯利在一封电子邮件中告诉CNN。
CNN已向中国驻华盛顿大使馆置评请求。北京方面一贯否认美国有关其参与黑客活动的指控。
此次发生在2月和7月的黑客攻击消息传出之际，人工智能正持续成为美中两国关系的关键焦点。
唐纳德·特朗普总统上周在白宫与中国领导人习近平讨论了人工智能问题，但此次会晤并未就该技术达成实质性协议。特朗普一直抵制对先进AI模型设置监管限制的呼吁，理由是担心美国会在AI霸权竞赛中落后于中国。
上个月，特朗普政府指控中国AI企业实施“工业规模”的美国同行商业机密盗窃行为，以节省成本并更快地将备受追捧的技术推向市场。中国否认了这些指控。
美国盟友也对中国获取AI技术诀窍一事发出了警告。英国军情五处（MI5）情报机构周三表示，英国学者曾向一家与中国情报机构关系密切的中国研究机构提交过AI和网络安全方面的研究成果。该咨询公告称，在某些情况下，这些学者可能并未意识到该研究机构与中国情报机构之间的关联。
在Proofpoint公司揭露的活动中，疑似中国特工冒充了林恩·帕克——曾在特朗普和乔·拜登政府时期担任白宫高级科技官员。黑客以帕克的名义向美国一家律师事务所的人员发送电子邮件，邀请其参与一个“AI政策咨询委员会”。冒充帕克的人随后又发送了一份附带恶意软件的文件，谎称可提供有关该虚假委员会的更多信息。
真正的帕克告诉CNN，当同事们收到自称是她的人发来的可疑电子邮件后，开始联系她。
“我首先担心的是那些可能收到冒充邮件的同事，”现为田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校荣誉副教务长的帕克说道。“我想警告他们，但意识到这非常困难，因为我不知道谁是攻击目标。”
“就个人层面而言，我感到难过，因为我在职业生涯中建立的人际关系被不法分子利用，用来欺骗他人，”帕克在一封电子邮件中说道。
据Proofpoint公司称，疑似中国特工还冒充了Anthropic公司的一名高级员工——这家美国AI公司曾因该技术的监管限制问题与特朗普政府产生过冲突。
黑客于2月26日以该Anthropic公司员工的名义，向美国一家智库的AI政策分析师发送了一封电子邮件。主题栏写着“关于Claude军事集成的反馈请求”，Claude是Anthropic的一款AI模型。据Proofpoint公司称，通过此次电子邮件往来，黑客试图窃取该智库分析师的电子邮件凭证。
在发送该邮件的次日，特朗普政府下令联邦机构及与军方有合作的承包商停止与Anthropic公司开展业务，原因是该公司拒绝五角大楼无限制使用其人工智能技术。
追踪中国网络行动的专家表示，中国网络特工的攻击目标几乎涵盖AI生态系统的各个层面，从为该技术提供动力的半导体，到投身该领域的专业人士。专家称，美国在AI领域的竞争力可能取决于其能否有效保护该生态系统免受渗透。
“制定正确的AI政策对我们的国家安全和经济竞争力至关重要，”被冒充的前美国科技官员帕克说道。“这包括保护那些其专业知识可为相关决策提供依据的人员和机构。”
China-linked hackers impersonated US AI insiders as global race heats up
2026-10-01T09:00:31.115Z / CNN
Suspected Chinese hackers impersonated an Anthropic employee and ex-US officials in an espionage campaign aimed at gaining insights into American AI developments, a US cybersecurity firm said Thursday.
The hackers targeted the email accounts of experts in AI export controls and the military applications of AI, among other topics, who work at US universities, think tanks and law firms, according to Silicon Valley-based Proofpoint, which discovered the activity.
Access to those experts’ digital lives could offer Beijing critical insights into how US society is grappling with what many see as an existential issue in AI governance.
Proofpoint did not find evidence of successful breaches of the targeted organizations, but the firm may have only uncovered some of the activity, and Beijing-linked groups are known to keep trying on a target until they get in.
“We are confident that [the hacking group] is a Chinese government-aligned threat actor based on targeting consistently in line with Chinese government interests, observed infrastructure and technical artifacts, and corroboration from industry partners,” Proofpoint staff researcher Mark Kelly told CNN in an email.
CNN has requested comment from the Chinese Embassy in Washington, DC. Beijing regularly denies US hacking allegations.
News of the hacking attempts, which occurred in February and July, comes as AI continues to be a crucial focal point in US-China relations.
President Donald Trump discussed AI last week at the White House with Chinese leader Xi Jinping, but the meeting did not produce a substantive accord on the technology. Trump has resisted calls for guardrails on advanced AI models out of concern that the US will fall behind China in the race for AI supremacy.
Last month, the Trump administration accused Chinese AI firms of committing “industrial-scale” theft of their American counterparts’ trade secrets to save money and bring the coveted technology to market faster. China denied the allegations.
US allies have also warned about China’s access to AI know-how. Britain’s MI5 intelligence service said Wednesday that British academics have contributed research on AI and cybersecurity to a Chinese institute with close ties to Chinese intelligence. In some cases, the academics may not have been aware of the connection between the institute and Chinese intelligence, the advisory said.
In the activity Proofpoint uncovered, the suspected Chinese operatives impersonated Lynne Parker, who served as a senior tech official in the White House under Trump and President Joe Biden. The hackers sent an email posing as Parker to someone at a US law firm inviting them to participate in an “AI policy advisory committee.” The fake Parker followed up with a malware-laced document purporting to offer more information on the fake committee.
The real Parker told CNN that colleagues started reaching out to her when they received suspicious emails from people claiming to be her.
“My first concern was for the colleagues who might receive the impersonated email,” said Parker, who is now associate vice chancellor emerita at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. “I wanted to warn them but realized that’s very difficult to do when I don’t know who is being targeted.”
“On a personal level, I felt sadness that relationships I’ve built over my career were being exploited by bad actors to deceive others,” Parker said in an email.
The suspected Chinese operatives also, according to Proofpoint, chose to impersonate a senior employee at Anthropic, the American AI firm that has clashed with the Trump administration over guardrails on the technology.
The hackers sent an email on February 26 in the name of the Anthropic employee to an AI policy analyst at a US think tank. The subject line read, “Request for Feedback on Military Integration of Claude,” a reference to one of Anthropic’s AI models. Through the email exchange, the hackers tried to steal the think tanker’s email credentials, according to Proofpoint.
The day after the email, the Trump administration ordered federal agencies and contractors that work with the military to cease business with Anthropic after the firm refused to allow the Pentagon to use its artificial-intelligence technology without restrictions.
Chinese cyber operatives, according to experts who track them, are targeting just about every level of the AI ecosystem, from the semiconductors that power the technology to the people who dedicate their careers to it. US competitiveness in AI may hinge on how well it can protect that ecosystem from infiltration, according to experts.
“Getting AI policy right is essential to our national security and economic competitiveness,” said Parker, the former US tech official who was impersonated. “That includes protecting the people and institutions whose expertise helps inform those decisions.”
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