2026-09-11T16:42:44.34Z / reuters.com
9月11日路透社电——据两位熟悉政府相关计划的消息人士透露，鉴于与伊朗的冲突暴露了美国在全球原油供应中断和油价飙升面前的脆弱性，白宫正考虑如何动用《国防生产法案》来扩大美国炼油产能。
考虑采取这一非常规举措，凸显出特朗普政府正面临越来越大的压力，需要证明其能够在11月中期选举前遏制燃油价格飙升对消费者和企业造成的影响。
路透社专栏作家罗恩·布索撰写的《能源动态》简报将为您提供全球能源行业的所有关键信息。点击此处订阅。
消息人士称，动用该法案的提议是在总统唐纳德·特朗普与近十家美国炼油企业近期举行的一场会议上提出的，会上白宫官员试图确定联邦政府应如何最好地提供支持，以增加炼油产能。目前尚未做出最终决定，与会者会后预计相关对话将继续推进。
消息人士透露，炼油企业高管向官员们表示，联邦资金更适合用于提高炼油厂效率或扩建现有工厂，而非资助全新的炼油厂——后者成本将高得多，且需要数年时间才能建成。
《国防生产法案》被视为最后 resort 工具，此前从未被用于扩大炼油产能，该法案赋予特朗普广泛权力，可以调配工业资源，并为企业提供财政激励，以扩大被视为对国防至关重要的材料的生产。最新讨论是基于4月份发布的一项总统决定展开的，该决定授权动用该法案支持并扩大美国石油生产、炼油和物流产能。
美国是全球最大的炼油大国之一，拥有庞大的炼油厂网络，日均可加工数百万桶原油，但目前全国平均柴油价格首次攀升至每加仑6美元以上，汽油价格仍处于高位。
白宫发言人泰勒·罗杰斯在被问及该提议时表示：“美国的炼油产能对于确保美国持续获得安全、实惠且可靠的能源至关重要。扩大这一产能是总统及其能源团队的首要任务，他们正在评估通过监管改革、加快审批流程和增加投资来提高炼油产能的具体方案。”
炼油产能接近峰值水平
最新数据显示，美国炼油企业目前已基本满负荷运转，产能利用率达到98%。高利用率凸显了本届政府面临的困境：炼油商正以接近产能上限的水平生产，但全球供应紧张和强劲需求仍在推高燃油价格。
过去十年间，随着无利可图的炼油厂关闭，美国炼油产能出现下滑，全国更多的炼油产能集中到了墨西哥湾沿岸地区。
近几周来，当被问及如何应对伊朗冲突引发的燃油价格飙升时，白宫越来越多地提及扩大国内炼油产能，这一举措既是为了长期缓冲全球供应中断带来的影响，也是其在选举前应对民众负担能力担忧的整体举措的一部分。
本届政府还在推动增加外国石油供应渠道。
特朗普近期收购了北美蓝色能源合作伙伴公司（North American Blue Energy Partners）35%的美国政府股权，这家私人委内瑞拉石油公司获得了开发17个油田的权利，这些油田的已探明储量约为650亿桶。根据协议，美国政府有权购买委内瑞拉原油，其中包括以生产成本价收购该公司20%的产量。
白宫表示，最终将有数百万桶新增委内瑞拉原油通过美国炼油厂进行加工。
试点项目
得克萨斯州布朗斯维尔市一处拟建的新炼油厂成为特朗普呼吁扩大美国炼油产能的试点项目。目前尚不清楚该项目是否会获得《国防生产法案》的资金支持。
美国优先炼油公司（America First Refining）计划在布朗斯维尔港建设一座日加工能力为16.8万桶的炼油厂，特朗普曾在今年3月宣布这是近50年来美国首座新建炼油厂。该项目得到了印度信实工业集团的支持，后者已达成一项为期20年的协议，收购该炼油厂的全部产出。
该项目还与特朗普家族及政府存在关联。据ProPublica报道的公司和投资者披露文件显示，小唐纳德·特朗普是美国优先炼油公司的被动少数股东；而其创始人霍华德·卢特尼克担任特朗普政府商务部长的坎托·菲茨杰拉德公司，也正担任该公司的财务顾问。
美国优先炼油公司未回应置评请求。
White House weighs how to use Defense Production Act to expand US oil refining capacity, sources say
2026-09-11T16:42:44.34Z / reuters.com
Sept 11 (Reuters) – The White House is weighing how to use the Defense Production Act to expand U.S. oil refining capacity as the conflict with Iran exposes the country’s vulnerability to global crude supply disruptions and price spikes, according to two sources familiar with the administration’s plans.
Considering such an extraordinary step highlights how the Trump administration is under growing pressure to show it can contain the impact of surging fuel prices on consumers and businesses ahead of November’s midterm elections.
The Reuters Power Up newsletter by columnist Ron Bousso provides everything you need to know about the global energy industry. Sign up here.
The proposal to use the act came up during a recent meeting between President Donald Trump and nearly a dozen U.S. refiners, where White House officials sought to determine how federal support could best be used to add capacity, the sources said. No final decisions were made, and participants left the meeting with the expectation that the conversations would continue, according to the sources.
Refining executives told officials that federal money would be better directed toward making refineries more efficient or expanding existing plants rather than financing an entirely new refinery, which would be considerably more costly and take years to complete, the sources said.
The Defense Production Act, considered a tool of last resort that has never been used to add refining capacity, gives Trump broad powers to direct industrial resources and provide financial incentives for companies to expand production of materials deemed important to national defense. The latest discussions build on a presidential determination issued in April that authorized the use of the act to support and expand U.S. petroleum production, refining and logistics capacity.
The United States is one of the world’s largest oil refining powers, with a vast network of plants capable of processing millions of barrels of crude a day, but the national average diesel price has climbed above $6 a gallon for the first time and gasoline prices remain elevated.
“America’s refining capacity is essential to ensuring the United States has continuous access to secure, affordable, and reliable energy. Expanding that capacity is a top priority for the President and his energy team, who are evaluating concrete options to increase our refining capacity through regulatory reform, faster permitting, and additional investment,” Taylor Rogers, a White House spokeswoman, said when asked about the proposal.
REFINING CAPACITY NEAR MAXIMUM LEVELS
U.S. refiners are already running near full tilt, with utilization reaching 98%, according to the latest data. The high utilization underscores the challenge facing the administration: refiners are producing at near-capacity levels, but tight global supplies and strong demand are keeping fuel prices high.
U.S. refining capacity has also declined over the past decade as unprofitable plants have shut, concentrating more of the nation’s refining capacity on the Gulf Coast.
In recent weeks, the White House has increasingly pointed to expanding domestic refining capacity when asked how it plans to respond to fuel-price spikes caused by the Iran conflict, making the push both a longer-term effort to buffer against global supply disruptions and part of its broader response to affordability concerns ahead of the elections.
The administration is also pushing to increase access to foreign oil supplies.
Trump recently secured a 35% U.S. government equity stake in North American Blue Energy Partners, a private Venezuelan oil company that received rights to develop 17 oil fields with about 65 billion barrels of proven reserves. The agreement gives the U.S. government rights to purchase Venezuelan crude, including 20% of the company’s output at production cost.
The White House says millions of barrels of new Venezuelan production will eventually be processed through U.S. refineries.
TEST CASE
A proposed new refinery in Brownsville, Texas, has emerged as a test case for Trump’s call to expand U.S. refining capacity. It was unclear whether the project would receive any Defense Production Act funding.
America First Refining plans to build a 168,000-barrel-per-day facility at the Port of Brownsville, which Trump announced in March as the first new U.S. refinery in nearly 50 years. The project is backed by India’s Reliance Industries, which has agreed to a 20-year deal to buy the refinery’s output.
The project also has ties to Trump’s family and administration. Donald Trump Jr. is a passive minority investor in America First Refining, according to company and investor disclosures reported by ProPublica, while Cantor Fitzgerald, whose founder Howard Lutnick is Trump’s commerce secretary, is serving as financial adviser to the company, according to company announcements.
America First Refining did not respond to requests for comment.
发表回复