2026年8月26日 / 美国东部时间下午3:26 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（CBS News）
作者：梅根·塞鲁洛 记者，MoneyWatch频道
梅根·塞鲁洛是总部位于纽约的CBS MoneyWatch记者，报道中小企业、职场、医疗保健、消费支出和个人理财议题。她定期亮相CBS新闻24/7频道讨论其报道内容。
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加拿大贸易官员承认，该国对价值200亿美元的美国商品征收最高50%的报复性关税，目的是通过瞄准美国关键州向特朗普政府施压。尽管谈判代表尚未明确指出这些地区，但经济学家对加拿大新进口关税和州出口数据的分析显示，这些关税可能对中西部和东北部各州造成尤为沉重的打击。
“我们选择的商品将精准打击美国各州，”加拿大工业部长梅兰妮·若利周二在宣布关税措施时表示，“我们采取了明智且具有战略性的手段施加政治压力，这也是我们认为当下此举正确的原因。”
加拿大的对等关税是这场不断升级的贸易战的最新交锋，这场争端将两个长期盟友推向对立，专家称这场冲突可能对两国经济都造成损害。此次争端缘起于特朗普政府在谈判失败后对加拿大商品征收50%关税。周一，特朗普总统还宣布对加拿大汽车和钢铁进口征收50%关税，如果未能达成协议，该关税将于2027年1月1日生效。
经济学家表示，加拿大的关税似乎旨在向美国那些面临竞争性中期选举的州施压。进口关税将覆盖800多种美国商品，影响范围从美国产切达干酪到钢铁和铝制品，可能损害威斯康星州和佛蒙特州的乳制品生产商，以及密歇根州和印第安纳州的制造商。
加拿大政府数据显示，加拿大是美国27个州出口商品的最大买家。如果不包括燃料产品，北达科他州是对加拿大贸易依赖度最高的州，但其出口商品大部分为大豆、小麦和其他农产品，这些商品均不在加拿大新关税的征收范围内。
专家表示，密歇根州、印第安纳州和其他拥有大型制造业且向加拿大出口商品的州，受到的影响可能比北达科他州等农业州更大，因为新关税将适用于美国产的家电、钢铁、铝制品和工具。
美国贸易专家、彼得森国际经济研究所高级研究员玛丽·拉夫利告诉CBS新闻，由于加拿大的关税大致与美国对加拿大商品征收的关税相当，它们针对的是共和党和民主党倾向州不同行业的数百种产品。
“从我们对加拿大出口商品的性质来看，各州受到的影响会有所不同，关税将打击红蓝紫三色的摇摆州，”她说道。
加拿大关税税率分为15%、25%和50%三档，计划于9月8日对美国商品生效，距离美国大选不到两个月。进步政策研究所（一家非营利性智库）贸易与全球市场主任埃德·格雷瑟表示，加拿大显然考虑到了这一时间点。
“加拿大购买了美国所有出口商品的约十分之一，且在美国各地设有领事馆，因此他们非常了解美国经济和美国政治，”格雷瑟告诉CBS新闻。
拉夫利表示，她认为加拿大希望在9月8日报复性关税生效前与美国达成贸易协议。
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呼吁购买加拿大商品
面临加拿大50%关税的美国商品包括部分钢铁和铝制品、家具及服装。家电、包括奶酪在内的乳制品、鱼类和其他海鲜，以及某些钢铁和铝制品衍生品将被征收25%的关税。加拿大此前对美国汽车征收的反关税也将继续生效。
加拿大官员表示，他们的目标包括保护本国企业，减少对美国进口商品的依赖。关税将使美国产商品对加拿大消费者变得更加昂贵，促使部分消费者转向价格更低的本土产品。
周二，若利还呼吁加拿大消费者购买加拿大制造的产品，并补充说她已与杂货商和其他零售商沟通，确保加拿大制造的产品得到明确标识。
“如果您看到加拿大产的商品，请予以支持，”若利在宣布关税措施时说道，“当您选择加拿大产品时，您不仅在向美国施压，目前还在保护就业岗位。”
海鲜、乳制品与汽车产业
加拿大的部分新关税瞄准了那些存在竞争性政治竞选的州生产的美国产品，例如缅因州——该州共和党参议员苏珊·柯林斯正面临民主党挑战者特洛伊·杰克逊的挑战。加拿大周二表示将对美国捕捞的龙虾征收25%的关税，格雷瑟称这是加拿大首次对这种甲壳类动物征收关税。
“这非常明确地针对缅因州，而且是一个极具情感意义的产业，”格雷瑟说，“就像缅因州本地人对此深感自豪一样——这是我们的特色，也是我们与众不同之处。”
阿拉斯加州、佛罗里达州和马萨诸塞州也有海鲜产品出口至加拿大，这些产品将受到报复性关税的影响。
与此同时，加拿大对美国乳制品征收的关税将影响威斯康星州和佛蒙特州等州，加拿大购买了佛蒙特州80%的奶酪和牛奶出口产品。
汽车行业是美加贸易关系的关键支柱，如今却面临两国关税和反关税的威胁。加拿大已对摩托车、半挂卡车、铁路车厢和部分汽车零部件征收新的进口关税。
“密歇根州与安大略省的整合度非常高，边境两侧的零部件往来从未间断，”格雷瑟说道，他还指出威斯康星州和俄亥俄州也向加拿大出口大量汽车零部件和整车。
对加拿大经济的影响
牛津经济研究院8月24日的一份分析报告显示，加拿大的新关税也可能对本国经济造成拖累。这家投资咨询公司表示，由于关税本质上属于销售税，可能会在2027年推高加拿大通胀0.3个百分点，并对经济增长造成同等规模的拖累。
“这不会引发经济衰退，但加美贸易政策的更大不确定性将给经济带来压力，”经济学家们写道。
加拿大官员周二承认，新关税可能给部分国内企业和工人带来困难，并已推出延长商业贷款和失业救助的计划，以帮助抵消影响。
“加拿大人知道如何渡过难关，”加拿大就业与家庭部长帕蒂·哈伊杜周二表示，“团结一心，我们就能克服一切困难。”
编辑：阿兰·谢特
美联社为本报道提供了支持。
Canada’s tariffs target certain U.S. states. See which regions are most vulnerable.
August 26, 2026 / 3:26 PM EDT / CBS News
By Megan Cerullo Reporter, MoneyWatch
Megan Cerullo is a New York-based reporter for CBS MoneyWatch covering small business, workplace, health care, consumer spending and personal finance topics. She regularly appears on CBS News 24/7 to discuss her reporting.
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Canadian trade officials acknowledge that the country’s retaliatory tariffs of up to 50% on $20 billion in American goods are intended to exert pressure on the Trump administration by targeting key U.S. states. Although the negotiators haven’t identified those regions, the tariffs could hit states in the Midwest and Northeast particularly hard, according to economists’ analysis of Canada’s new import duties and state export data.
“We are picking products that will target states in the U.S.,” Melanie Joly, Canada’s industry minister, said Tuesday in announcing the tariffs. “We’re being wise and strategic to put political pressure, and that’s why we think it’s the right thing to do right now.”
Canada’s tit-for-tat tariffs are the latest volley in a widening trade war pitting two longtime allies against each other, a fight that experts say could hurt both countries economically. The conflict comes after the Trump administration announced 50% tariffs on Canadian products following failed negotiations. On Monday, President Trump also announced 50% tariffs on Canadian automotive and steel imports that, absent a deal, would take effect on Jan. 1, 2027.
Canada’s tariffs appear designed to put pressure on U.S. states with competitive midterm elections, economists said. The import duties will be applied to more than 800 types of U.S. goods, impacting everything from American-made cheddar cheese to steel and aluminum products, potentially hurting dairy producers in Wisconsin and Vermont and manufacturers in Michigan and Indiana.
Canada is the top customer for exports from 27 U.S. states, Canadian government data shows. While North Dakota is the state most reliant on trade with Canada, excluding fuel products, a large share of its exports consists of soybeans, wheat and other agricultural products, which are exempt from Canada’s new tariffs.
Michigan, Indiana and other states with large manufacturing sectors that ship goods to Canada are likely to feel a bigger impact than agricultural states like North Dakota because the new tariffs will apply to U.S.-made appliances, steel, aluminum and tools, experts said.
Because Canada’s tariffs roughly mirror those that the U.S. imposed on Canadian goods, they target hundreds of products across different industries in both Republican- and Democratic-leaning states, Mary Lovely, a U.S. trade expert and senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, told CBS News.
“By nature of what we export to Canada, you’re going to have a differential impact on states, and the tariffs are going to hit a mix of red, blue and purple states,” she said.
The Canadian tariffs, set at rates of 15%, 25% and 50%, are scheduled to take effect on U.S. products on Sept. 8, less than two months before the U.S. general election. That timing is “not lost on the Canadians,” said Ed Gresser, director for trade and global markets at the Progressive Policy Institute, a nonprofit think tank.
“Canada buys about one-tenth of all U.S. exports, and they have consulates all over the country, so they know the U.S. economy and U.S. politics very well,” Gresser told CBS News.
Lovely said she thinks Canada hopes to negotiate a trade deal with the U.S. before its retaliatory tariffs take effect on Sept. 8.
The White House didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.
Urged to buy Canadian
American goods facing 50% Canadian tariffs include some steel and aluminum products, furniture and clothing. Appliances, dairy products including cheese, fish and other seafood, and certain steel and aluminum derivatives will face 25% tariffs. Existing Canadian counter-tariffs on U.S. autos will also remain in place.
Canadian officials said their goals include protecting the country’s companies and reducing purchases of U.S. imports. The tariffs will make U.S.-made products more expensive for Canadian consumers, spurring some to switch to lower-priced locally made products.
On Tuesday, Joly also urged Canadian consumers to buy products made in Canada, adding that she had spoken with grocers and other retailers to ensure Canadian-made products are clearly identified.
“If you see a Canadian product, please support it,” Joly said in announcing the tariffs. “When you choose a Canadian product, you are not only putting pressure on the U.S., but right now you are protecting jobs.”
Seafood, dairy and vehicles
Some of Canada’s new tariffs target American products produced in states with competitive political races, such as Maine, where Sen. Susan Collins, a Republican, is facing Democratic challenger Troy Jackson. Canada on Tuesday said it will apply a 25% tariff on lobsters harvested in the U.S., which Gresser said would be the first Canadian tariff on the crustacean.
“That’s very specific to Maine, and it’s a very emotive industry,” Gresser said. “It’s very much like if you’re from Maine, you’re quite proud of it — it’s what we do, it’s what is special and distinctive about us.”
Alaska, Florida and Massachusetts also export seafood products to Canada that are subject to retaliatory levies.
Meanwhile, Canadian tariffs on U.S. dairy products will affect states such as Wisconsin and Vermont, with Canadians buying 80% of the latter’s cheese and milk exports.
The automobile sector is a key pillar of the U.S.-Canada trade relationship now at risk from the nations’ tariffs and countertariffs, with Canada applying new import duties to motorcycles, tractor-trailers, railroad cars and some auto parts.
“Michigan is very integrated with Ontario. There’s a constant flow of parts back and forth across the border,” Gresser said, noting that Wisconsin and Ohio also export a lot of auto parts and vehicles to Canada.
Impact on Canada’s economy
Canada’s new tariffs could also weigh on its own economy, according to an Aug. 24 analysis from Oxford Economics. Because the tariffs are essentially sales taxes, they could push up Canadian inflation by 0.3 percentage points in 2027 and create an equally large drag on economic growth, the investment advisory firm said.
“This won’t cause a recession, but greater uncertainty about Canada-U.S. trade policy will weigh on the economy,” the economists wrote.
The Canadian officials on Tuesday acknowledged the new tariffs could cause hardship for some domestic businesses and workers, and rolled out plans to extend business loans and unemployment aid to help offset the impact.
“Canadians know how to weather the storm,” Patty Hajdu, Canada’s minister of jobs and families, said on Tuesday. “Sticking together, we can get through anything.”
Edited by Alain Sherter
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
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