2026年8月26日10:03:58.557（UTC时间）/ 路透社
概要
- 鲍威尔的职位是特朗普在离任白宫前确定能填补的唯一一个美联储席位
- 特朗普政府仍试图以抵押贷款文件问题为由罢免库克
- 目前尚不清楚杰斐逊在2027年副主席任期结束后是否会继续留在美联储理事会
华盛顿，8月26日（路透社）——美国总统唐纳德·特朗普为清除自己任命官员的空间而罢免美联储官员的努力目前已因法院裁决和参议院的政治阻力陷入停滞，但他仍可能拥有最多四个机会来加强自己对美联储政策委员会的影响力。
到目前为止，特朗普一直支持美联储主席凯文·沃什，尽管这位他亲自任命的官员搁置了总统一直要求的降息言论。沃什在接任美联储主席一职后不久，也于6月搁置了所有利率指引。
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尽管沃什经常谈及美联储的“出色团队”——这个机构为免受政治干预而设计，每届总统任期内仅有两个美联储理事会席位空出——但特朗普上月表示，他认为美联储理事会整体上“或许有点敌意”，并阻碍了沃什的工作。
“我知道他很希望看到更低的利率。但他有一个理事会，这是一个政治理事会，”特朗普说道。
尽管特朗普最初为在美联储腾出空间的努力受阻，但控制货币政策的斗争并未结束，且可能随着多场人事斗争和决策的结果而出现转变。
库克案
美联储理事丽莎·库克是首位在美联储理事会任职的黑人女性，她于2022年由前总统乔·拜登任命，任期至2038年。
一年前，特朗普试图解雇她，该案最终以美国最高法院的裁决告终：总统无正当理由不得罢免美联储理事，且需遵循明确程序，列出理由并提供证据支撑。该裁决保留了库克的职位，但将对她的罢免案发回联邦地区法院重审。
特朗普政府选择继续追究此事，辩称多年前一份抵押贷款文件上的不实陈述是解雇库克的充分“正当理由”。白宫要求她在周三之前回复一封阐述其罢免理由的信件。
库克称政府的此举是为了干预利率政策的借口，她几乎肯定会继续为保住职位而斗争，最终裁决前可能还会迎来一场旷日持久的法庭诉讼。在此期间，库克很可能仍会留在理事会。
沃什的前任仍留任
美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔在今年5月前担任该职位超过八年，目前他选择继续留在美联储理事会。他的理事任期至2028年初，也就是特朗普任期的最后完整一年。鲍威尔的任期结束将是特朗普在剩余白宫任期内确定能填补的唯一一个美联储席位。
但特朗普此前罢免鲍威尔的努力并未完全平息——特朗普最初曾提拔鲍威尔担任美联储最高职位——他曾多次考虑解雇鲍威尔，且政府曾就一项超预算的美联储大楼翻新项目启动刑事调查。
在一名即将退休的共和党参议员誓言搁置沃什的美联储主席提名，直到该案了结后，该刑事调查被终止。
然而，在终止调查时，华盛顿特区联邦检察官珍妮娜·皮罗表示，她将推迟另行启动的美联储监察长调查，该调查正是鲍威尔本人此前下令开展的。
该调查的结果可能会推动新一轮罢免鲍威尔的努力，但目前尚不清楚调查何时会结束。
副主席的计划
美联储副主席菲利普·杰斐逊明年将面临与鲍威尔相同的选择：在其副主席任期结束后，决定离职还是继续担任任期至2036年的理事。
通常情况下，美联储副主席会在领导任期结束后离开央行，有时甚至提前离任。
由拜登任命的杰斐逊尚未公开谈及自己的计划，作为美联储现任政策制定者中知名度较低的一位，他并未像库克那样受到同样的关注和压力。
他的选择可能对特朗普任命更多美联储理事的期望至关重要。这也可能在另一个方面给总统带来不便：如果杰斐逊选择继续留在理事会，特朗普将只能从为数不多的现任理事中挑选一位副主席。
除沃什外，特朗普手下仅有两名自己任命的理事可供选择：已担任美联储监管副主席的米歇尔·鲍曼，以及美联储理事克里斯托弗·沃勒——他曾是接替鲍威尔的热门人选，且乐于扮演更独立、遵循数据制定政策的角色。
亚特兰大联储空缺职位
除理事会外，美联储12家地区储备银行行长在政策制定中也发挥着重要作用。其中五人轮流拥有联邦公开市场委员会的投票权，所有人都参与制定央行的货币政策，目前每年举行八次利率设定会议。
地区联储行长由当地董事会选出，但需经华盛顿的美联储理事会批准。
亚特兰大联储的最高职位自2月28日起一直空缺。
在接近就最终人选达成一致后，该流程被推迟，以便沃什接任后对人选进行审核。
传统上，地区联储职位并非白宫施加影响的途径。值得注意的是，在沃什担任美联储主席的第二次会议即7月28日至29日的会议上，有三位地区联储行长投下了支持加息的反对票。
本文由霍华德·施奈德报道；丹·伯恩斯与保罗·西毛编辑
As Cook case smolders, Trump has other paths to shape Fed policy team
2026-08-26T10:03:58.557Z / Reuters
Summary
- Powell’s position is the only one Trump is certain to fill before leaving the White House
- Trump administration still trying to remove Cook over mortgage documents
- Unclear whether Jefferson will stay on Fed board when his vice chair term ends in 2027
WASHINGTON, Aug 26 (Reuters) – U.S. President Donald Trump’s efforts to oust Federal Reserve officials to clear room for his own appointees have been stalled so far by the courts and political pushback in the Senate, but he may still have as many as four opportunities to try to beef up his influence over the central bank’s policy committee.
Trump has so far stood behind Fed Chairman Kevin Warsh even though his handpicked appointee sidelined talk of the interest rate cuts the president has been demanding. Warsh also set aside all rate guidance in June, shortly after becoming head of the central bank.
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While Warsh has talked often about the “incredible team” at the Fed — an institution designed to be insulated from politics by having only two of the seven seats on its Board of Governors expire in any one presidential term — Trump last month said he regarded the central bank’s board in general as “maybe a little bit hostile,” and as standing in Warsh’s way.
“I know he would love to see lower interest rates. But he has got a board, and it’s a political board,” Trump said.
Though Trump’s initial efforts to clear room at the Fed have been stymied, the battle to control monetary policy hasn’t ended and could shift with the outcome of several personnel battles and decisions.
COOK CASE
Fed Governor Lisa Cook, the first Black woman to serve on the central bank’s board, was appointed by former President Joe Biden in 2022 to a term that lasts until 2038.
Trump tried to fire her a year ago in a case that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court affirming that the president could not remove a Fed governor without adequate cause and needed to follow a clear process to lay out the reasons and undergird it with evidence. The ruling left Cook in her position but kicked the case against her back to a federal district court.
The administration has chosen to pursue the matter, arguing that a misstatement on a mortgage document years ago was adequate “cause” for firing Cook. The White House demanded she reply by Wednesday to a letter laying out its case for her removal.
Cook, who calls the administration’s effort a pretext to gain sway over interest rate policy, will almost certainly continue to fight her dismissal, with another potentially protracted court battle ahead before a final ruling. Cook likely will remain on the board in the meantime.
WARSH’S PREDECESSOR HANGS AROUND
The head of the central bank for more than eight years until May, Fed Governor Jerome Powell has chosen to continue serving on the board. His term lasts until early 2028, the final full year of Trump’s term. The end of Powell’s tenure will provide the only certain Fed seat for Trump to fill during the remainder of his time in the White House.
But the president’s earlier efforts to oust Powell — whom Trump first elevated to the top Fed job — are not fully put to rest. He mulled firing Powell at several points, and the administration launched a criminal investigation related to a central bank building renovation project that had run over budget.
The criminal probe was dropped after a retiring Republican senator vowed to block Warsh’s nomination as Fed chief until the case was put to rest.
In dropping the probe, however, U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia Jeanine Pirro said she was deferring to a separate Fed Inspector General’s investigation that Powell himself had already set in motion.
The findings of that investigation could prompt another effort to remove Powell, though it is unclear when it will conclude.
THE VICE CHAIR’S PLANS
Fed Vice Chair Philip Jefferson will next year face the same choice Powell did when his leadership term expires: Decide whether to leave or remain in a governor’s seat that lasts until 2036.
Typically, Fed vice chairs have left the central bank when their leadership terms ended, sometimes even before.
Jefferson, who was also appointed by Biden, has not spoken about his plans, and — as one of the less public of the Fed’s current policymakers — he has not been under the same spotlight or pressure as Cook, for example.
His choice could be pivotal to Trump’s hopes of appointing more Fed governors. It could inconvenience the president in another way: If Jefferson chooses to continue on the board, Trump would have to choose a vice chair from within the narrow pool of current governors.
Besides Warsh, Trump would have only two of his own appointees to choose from: Michelle Bowman, who is already the Fed’s vice chair for supervision, and Fed Governor Christopher Waller, who was on the short list to replace Powell and relishes his role as a more independent, follow-the-data policymaker.
ATLANTA FED OPENING
Beyond the board, the Fed’s 12 regional reserve bank presidents play an important role in policymaking. Five of them vote on interest rates on a rotating basis, and all participate in shaping monetary policy at the central bank’s rate-setting meetings, currently numbering eight a year.
Regional Fed presidents are chosen by their local boards of directors, but must be approved by the Washington-based Board of Governors.
The top job at the Atlanta Fed has been open since February 28.
After nearing agreement on a finalist, opens new tab, the process was delayed to give time for Warsh to take over and vet the selection.
Regional Fed jobs have not traditionally been seen as a pathway for White House influence. Notably, it was three regional bank presidents who dissented in favor of a rate hike at the Fed’s July 28-29 meeting, which was only Warsh’s second as head of the central bank.
Reporting by Howard Schneider; Editing by Dan Burns and Paul Simao
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