2026-08-24T10:02:20.149Z / 路透社
美国国旗飘扬在汉弗莱大厦外的“让美国再次健康”横幅旁，该大厦是美国卫生与公众服务部办公室所在地，摄于2026年7月21日华盛顿特区。路透社/凯莉·库珀 购买授权，打开新标签页
- 摘要
- 行政令将联邦儿童免疫接种计划从17针缩减至11针
- 特朗普还下令司法部挑战州级学校疫苗接种要求
- 官员表示，小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪牵头的疫苗研究预计需要数月甚至更长时间
华盛顿，8月24日（路透社）——多名政府现任和前任官员向路透社透露，总统唐纳德·特朗普因不满其政府在解决他认为可能是自闭症诱因的问题上行动不足，推动了本月出台的这项缩减儿童疫苗接种数量的美国行政令。
这五位现任及前任官员私下表示，仅靠这项行政令并未从实质上改变美国疫苗政策，也无法满足特朗普的要求，或是卫生部长小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪的“让美国再次健康”政治基础支持者的诉求。
订阅屡获殊荣的路透社健康简报《健康综述》，了解最新医学突破与医疗趋势。点击此处注册。
相反，肯尼迪及其盟友正聚焦于这位卫生部长去年启动的一系列研究，这些研究旨在探讨他们所称的疫苗风险，包括疫苗与自闭症的潜在关联。医学专家和科学家表示，多年来针对数百万儿童开展的研究已彻底驳斥了此类担忧。
“没人希望通过行政令推进此事。小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪清楚，如果没有可靠科学依据支撑，这种改变不会持久，”肯尼迪的长期盟友、持续质疑疫苗安全性的组织“知情同意行动网络”首席执行官德尔·比格特雷说道，“这只是必然会启动的进程的开端。”
白宫与卫生与公众服务部拒绝对行政令出台的具体原因置评。白宫发言人库什·德赛在一份声明中表示，特朗普是在回应“无数家长——他们对美国儿童疫苗接种计划的疑问和担忧要么被无视，要么 outright mocked（要么被 outright mocked）”。
卫生与公众服务部发言人格蕾丝·戴维斯·贾米森证实了该机构正在开展的研究。贾米森在声明中表示：“我们正在利用美国部分规模最大的健康数据集开展数十项研究和分析，以探寻美国慢性病流行的根本原因。”
专家警告将引发混乱
主流医学团体表示，特朗普的这项行政令将加剧美国家庭的困惑和疫苗犹豫情绪，让更多儿童暴露于可预防疾病的风险中。他们担忧，肯尼迪推动疫苗安全研究的目的，是预先得出疫苗比其预防的疾病更危险的结论。
特朗普的疫苗行政令要求将联邦儿童免疫接种计划从17针缩减至11针，并将麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）联合疫苗拆分为三针单独接种——制药企业表示，这一调整可能需要数年时间才能完成。行政令还指示司法部挑战各州要求儿童接种疫苗才能入学的规定。
肯尼迪今年1月曾公布类似的精简版免疫接种计划，绕过了政府修改疫苗政策的正常流程。今年3月，一名联邦法官叫停了这项调整，称卫生监管机构为落实卫生部长的议程采取了非法手段。本届政府仍受该裁决约束，目前正在上诉。
承诺宏大，不满加剧
作为数十年来反疫苗观点的有影响力推动者，肯尼迪在出任特朗普政府最高卫生官员时曾承诺推行雄心勃勃的议程。2025年初就职后不久，他就表示，其部门将找出美国自闭症发病率上升的原因，并重新审查儿童疫苗的安全性。
但肯尼迪为自闭症研究设定的自我截止期限——先是当年9月，后是2026年3月——均已过去，却未公布任何新发现。近几个月来，特朗普在椭圆形办公室的会议和频繁的电话通话中，不断向肯尼迪施压，要求其兑现有关自闭症的承诺。
这种压力出现之际，总统的政治顾问曾在今年早些时候敦促这位卫生部长在11月的中期选举前不要公开谈论疫苗——肯尼迪遵守了这一要求。
但据五位官员透露，特朗普一直执着于减少美国儿童的疫苗接种数量。此外，官员们表示，特朗普和肯尼迪曾广泛讨论过寻找自闭症治疗方法和“治愈手段”的事宜。
这种私下的紧张关系在7月31日戴维营 televised cabinet meeting（ televised cabinet meeting）中公开化。特朗普问肯尼迪：“自闭症研究进展如何？”肯尼迪回答：“我们会给你一个答复。”
三位高级政府官员表示，特朗普公开质疑肯尼迪的表态，向白宫和卫生部官员传递出总统希望立即采取行动的信号。其中一位官员称，特朗普今夏迅速敲定了这项疫苗行政令。
一位官员表示，内阁会议后，疫苗议题的讨论出现了“态度转变”。“特朗普和肯尼迪比全年任何时候都更步调一致。”
肯尼迪牵头开展的研究包括：MMR疫苗是否会引发免疫系统意外变化（科学家已驳斥这一说法）、自闭症诊断是否与儿童疫苗有关、疫苗与自身免疫性疾病的潜在关联，以及二十多年前已从儿童疫苗中移除的硫柳汞的影响等多项研究。
这些研究主要依赖联邦健康数据库，专家警告称，如果分析不当，这些数据可能被误用和误读。两位官员表示，这项工作预计需要数月甚至更长时间才能完成，这将进一步加剧特朗普的不满情绪。
由华盛顿的亚斯敏·阿布塔莱布和博·埃里克森报道；米歇尔·格斯伯格和马修·刘易斯编辑
我们的准则：汤森路透信任原则，打开新标签页
Trump’s frustrations drove vaccine order, but MAHA wants more
2026-08-24T10:02:20.149Z / Reuters
An American flag flies near a “Make America Healthy Again” banner hung on the Humphrey Building, where the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services office is located, in Washington, D.C., U.S., July 21, 2026. REUTERS/Kylie Cooper Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
- Summary
- Order cuts federal childhood immunization schedule to 11 shots from 17
- Trump also orders Justice Department to challenge state school vaccination requirements
- Officials say RFK Jr’s vaccine studies are expected to take months, if not longer
WASHINGTON, Aug 24 (Reuters) – President Donald Trump’s frustration that his administration was not doing enough to address what he considers a likely contributor to autism drove a U.S. executive order this month that cut back the number of childhood vaccinations, administration officials told Reuters.
These five current and former officials privately say the order alone does not substantially change U.S. vaccine policy and will not satisfy Trump’s demands or Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s “Make America Healthy Again” political base.
Keep up with the latest medical breakthroughs and healthcare trends with the award-winning Reuters Health Rounds newsletter. Sign up here.
Instead, Kennedy and his allies are focused on a series of studies that the health secretary kicked off last year examining what they say are the dangers of vaccines, including a potential link with autism. Medical experts and scientists say such concerns have been thoroughly refuted by studies examining millions of children over many years.
“No one wants to see this get done with an executive order. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. knows that will not be a lasting change if it’s not backed up by credible science,” said Del Bigtree, one of Kennedy’s longtime allies and chief executive officer of Informed Consent Action Network, a group that has continually questioned vaccine safety. “This is only the beginning of a process that had to happen.”
The White House and the Department of Health and Human Services declined to comment on the specifics of what led to the executive order. White House spokesman Kush Desai said in a statement that Trump was responding to “countless parents (who) have had their questions and concerns about America’s childhood vaccine schedule ignored if not outright mocked.”
HHS spokeswoman Grace Davis Jamison confirmed the research studies under way at the agency. “We are pursuing dozens of studies and analyses using some of the nation’s largest health datasets to uncover the root causes of America’s chronic disease epidemic,” Jamison said in a statement.
EXPERTS WARN OF CONFUSION
Leading medical groups say the Trump order will increase confusion and vaccine hesitancy among U.S. families and expose more children to preventable diseases. They fear that Kennedy’s push for vaccine safety studies is directed toward a predetermined conclusion that the shots are more dangerous than the illnesses they prevent.
Trump’s vaccine order calls for reducing the federal childhood inoculation schedule to 11 immunizations from 17 and for separating the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine into three separate shots — a feat pharmaceutical companies said could take years. It also directs the Justice Department to challenge state vaccination requirements for children to attend school.
Kennedy unveiled a similarly whittled-down immunization schedule in January that circumvented the normal government process for making changes to vaccine policy. A federal judge in March blocked the changes, saying that health regulators had acted unlawfully to carry out the health secretary’s agenda. The administration is still bound by that ruling, which it is appealing.
BIG PROMISES, GROWING FRUSTRATION
Kennedy, an influential promoter of anti-vaccine views for decades, promised an ambitious agenda as Trump’s top health official. Soon after taking office in early 2025, he said his department would find the causes behind rising U.S. rates of autism and re-examine the safety of childhood vaccines.
But Kennedy’s self-imposed deadlines on autism answers, first in September of that year, then in March 2026, came and went with no new revelations. In recent months, Trump has pressed Kennedy to deliver on his promises regarding autism in meetings at the Oval Office and in frequent phone calls.
That pressure has come even as the president’s political advisers urged the health secretary early this year not to talk publicly about vaccines ahead of November’s midterm elections — a request Kennedy complied with.
But Trump has remained fixated on reducing the number of vaccinations American children receive, according to the five current and former officials. In addition, Trump and Kennedy have spoken extensively about trying to find treatments and a “cure” for autism, according to the officials.
The private tensions came to the fore during a July 31 televised cabinet meeting at Camp David. Trump asked Kennedy: “How are you doing on the autism research?” Kennedy replied: “We will have an answer for you.”
Trump’s public questioning of Kennedy signaled to White House and health department officials that the president wanted to see immediate action, according to three senior administration officials. The executive order Trump announced on vaccines was quickly cobbled together this summer, one of the officials said.
There has been a “tide shift” on discussing vaccines since the cabinet meeting, one of the officials said. “Trump and Kennedy are more synced up than they have been all year.”
The studies Kennedy is overseeing examine whether the MMR vaccine produces unintended changes in the immune system, which scientists have refuted; whether autism diagnoses are linked to childhood vaccinations; a potential link between vaccines and autoimmune diseases; and the impact of thimerosal, which was removed from childhood vaccines more than two decades ago, among other studies.
The work mostly relies on federal health databases that experts have warned can be misused and misinterpreted if not analyzed properly. The work is expected to take months if not longer, adding to Trump’s frustration, according to two of the officials.
Reporting by Yasmeen Abutaleb and Bo Erickson in Washington; Editing by Michele Gershberg and Matthew Lewis
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles., opens new tab
发表回复