2026-08-13T23:19:04.877Z / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
美国司法部决定暂时不挑战一项联邦法院裁决，该裁决废除了对枪械消音器、短管步枪等武器的联邦注册要求，此举引发了混乱。
得克萨斯州北区联邦地区法院8月5日作出的这项裁决，被一些强硬派枪支权利倡导者视为他们废除1934年《全国枪支法》目标的重大胜利。尽管司法部未在周三晚间的截止日期前寻求临时暂停该裁决，但仍有七周时间可以提起上诉。
就目前而言，得克萨斯州法院裁决的具体适用范围似乎并不明确，部分原因是法官表示，该裁决仅适用于提起法律诉讼的当事人，包括美国枪支拥有者协会（Gun Owners of America），该协会在全美拥有会员。法官称，其阻止注册要求的命令适用于“原告以及与原告密切相关的其他部分个人和实体”，并补充称，该裁决覆盖“协助提起法律诉讼的枪支权利团体关联卖家的未来客户”。
“这一团糟，”一名枪支权利倡导者告诉CNN，他描述了一些枪支持有者正试图弄清楚自己是否可以合法购买消音器而无需注册，但却无法从政府那里找到任何关于其法律地位的信息。“关于该做什么或不该做什么，完全一片混乱。”
部分困惑源于法官作出裁决的逻辑：由于国会最近取消了消音器税，该法律不再符合宪法，因为它原本基于国会的征税权。
然而，按照这一逻辑，如果未来民主党国会恢复征税，注册要求似乎将再次拥有坚实的法律基础。
即将到来的中期选举政治在这一问题上影响重大，白宫官员试图在共和党民调表现不佳之际，维系总统支持枪支权利的选民基础。
据一位知情人士透露，司法部、烟酒枪炮及爆炸物管理局（ATF）和白宫的高级官员本周就如何应对截止日期进行了辩论，其中一些官员支持希望废除《全国枪支法》的枪支权利团体。
据两位知情人士透露，最终拜登政府决定在周三晚间的截止日期前不寻求暂停该裁决。这些人士表示，特朗普政府官员仍在权衡是否就该裁决提起上诉的最终决定。
烟酒枪炮及爆炸物管理局尚未回应CNN的置评请求。
提起此次法律诉讼的枪支权利团体美国枪支拥有者协会在午夜截止日期举办了一场活动，该协会成员在得克萨斯州无需注册即可购买消音器，该协会称此举标志着这项已有92年历史的法律的注册制度彻底崩溃。
该诉讼于2025年提起，就在国会取消与《全国枪支法》注册要求相关的税收之后。
协助推动取消税收的共和党众议员安德鲁·克莱德（Andrew Clyde）是敦促司法部长托德·布兰奇（Todd Blanche）不要对该裁决提起上诉的议员之一。
“提起上诉会延长守法枪支所有者和企业面临的监管不确定性，还会消耗司法部资源，为国会和如今一家联邦地区法院都认定站不住脚的立场辩护，”克莱德说。“我们呼吁司法部不要提起上诉、寻求重审，或以其他方式限制或缩小该裁决的适用范围。”
枪支安全倡导者对司法部不捍卫该法律的决定表示反对。
“今天的裁决是公共安全领域危险的倒退。近100年来，国会一直要求在个人购买消音器、短管步枪或短管霰弹枪之前进行背景调查，”吉福兹法律中心（GIFFORDS Law Center）副总裁兼首席律师亚当·斯凯格斯（Adam Skaggs）在裁决发布后的一份声明中表示。
“这些常识性安全措施将这些危险设备排除在不法分子之手。消音器会让执法部门更难发现和定位活跃枪手。而短管步枪和霰弹枪易于隐藏且极具危险性，”他补充道。
CNN的霍姆斯·莱布兰德（Holmes Lybrand）对本文亦有贡献。
Justice Department’s last-minute decision not to defend gun law causes confusion among owners
2026-08-13T23:19:04.877Z / CNN
Confusion has ensued after the Justice Department decided to, at least for now, not challenge a federal court ruling that struck down federal registration requirements for firearm suppressors, short-barreled rifles and other weapons.
The August 5 ruling from the US District Court in the Northern District of Texas is being celebrated by some hardline gun rights advocates as a major victory in their goal to gut the 1934 National Firearms Act. Despite not seeking a temporary stay of the ruling by the Wednesday night deadline, the Justice Department still has seven weeks remaining to file an appeal.
For now, who exactly is covered by the Texas court ruling appears murky, in part because the judge said it was limited to those who brought the legal challenge, including Gun Owners of America, which has members around the country. The judge said his order blocking the registration requirements applies to “plaintiffs and certain other individuals and entities that are closely associated with the plaintiffs,” adding that it covers “future customers” of the sellers associated with a gun rights group that helped bring the legal challenge.
“This is a confused mess,” one gun-rights advocate told CNN, describing how some gun owners are seeking clarity about whether they can lawfully buy suppressors without registration and can’t find any information from the government about where they stand legally. “It’s utter chaos about what to do or what not to do.”
Some of the confusion stems from the way the judge arrived at the decision, ruling that because Congress recently removed taxes on suppressors, the law is no longer Constitutional since it was based on Congress’s power to levy taxes.
However, by that logic, should a future Democratic Congress restore the tax, the registration requirements would seemingly be on firm legal footing again.
The politics of the upcoming midterms loom large over the issue, as White House officials seek to keep the president’s pro-gun rights base in the fold ahead of dire poll numbers for Republicans.
Top officials from the Justice Department; the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives; and the White House have debated what to do about the deadline this week, including some officials who sided with gun-rights groups that want the NFA gutted, according to a person familiar with the discussions.
In the end, the administration decided to not seek a stay of the ruling before the Wednesday night deadline, according to two people familiar with the discussions. Trump administration officials are still weighing a final decision on whether to appeal the ruling, the people said.
The ATF has not responded to CNN’s request for comment.
Gun Owners of America, the gun-rights group behind the legal challenge, held an event at the midnight deadline in which members of the group bought silencers in Texas without registration, marking what the group called the implosion of the 92-year-old law’s registration regime.
The lawsuit was filed in 2025 immediately after Congress removed the tax tied to the NFA registration requirements.
GOP Rep. Andrew Clyde, who helped lead the effort to remove the tax, is among a group of lawmakers pushing Attorney General Todd Blanche to not appeal the ruling.
“An appeal would prolong regulatory uncertainty for law-abiding gun owners and businesses and would consume DOJ resources defending a position that this Congress and now a federal district court has said cannot stand,” Clyde said. “We ask that the Department decline to appeal, to seek rehearing, or to otherwise attempt to cabin or narrow this ruling.”
Gun safety advocates have spoken out about the Justice Department’s decision not to defend the law.
“Today’s ruling is a dangerous step backward for public safety. For nearly 100 years, Congress has required background checks before someone could buy a silencer, short-barreled rifle, or short-barreled shotgun,” Adam Skaggs, vice president and chief counsel at GIFFORDS Law Center, said in a statement after the ruling.
“These commonsense safeguards keep these dangerous devices out of the wrong hands. Silencers make it harder for law enforcement to detect and locate active shooters. And short-barreled rifles and shotguns are easily concealable and extremely dangerous,” he added.
CNN’s Holmes Lybrand contributed to this report.
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