2026-08-07T18:31:48.843Z / 路透社
2026年3月1日，美国华盛顿特区国会大厦外，美国国旗迎风飘扬。路透社/安娜贝尔·戈登/资料图片
- 内容摘要
- 共和党获得关键第三票，可推翻现有判例
- 特朗普任命的官员预计将针对有利于工会的裁决
- 去年特朗普前所未有的解雇委员导致委员会陷入停摆
8月7日（路透社）——美国参议院周五确认了总统唐纳德·特朗普提名的两名联邦劳工执法机构人选，让共和党获得足够票数推翻一系列被广泛视为有利于工会组织活动的关键裁决。
由共和党主导的参议院以51票赞成、47票反对的结果，通过了涵盖联邦政府多个职位的超过70项提名，其中包括詹姆斯·梅西和戴维·普劳蒂出任国家劳资关系委员会委员。
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共和党人梅西自去年起在美劳工部担任多个职务，此前他拥有长达四十年的劳工案件雇主代理执业经历。曾担任工会律师的普劳蒂于2021年加入国家劳资关系委员会，目前是委员会中唯一的民主党委员，此次将连任第二个任期。
在此次参议院投票前，这个五人组成的劳资关系委员会已经以2比1的比例形成共和党多数。按照传统，委员会应包含两名民主党委员、两名共和党委员以及一名来自总统所在政党的主席。
记者无法立即联系到梅西和普劳蒂置评。
第三票至关重要
国家劳资关系委员会负责监督工会选举，并审查私营部门员工和工会提出的投诉，这些投诉指控雇主存在干扰工会组织活动及其他非法劳工行为。
总法律顾问办公室可提起正式投诉，案件先由行政法官审理，再提交委员会裁决，相关决定可上诉至联邦上诉法院。包括亚马逊和太空探索技术公司在内的多家企业正在一系列未决诉讼中挑战这一内部程序，称其违反美国宪法。
按照传统，委员会需要三名委员投赞成票才能推翻现有判例。特朗普任命的另外两名委员斯科特·梅耶和詹姆斯·墨菲在去年的确认听证会上表示，他们不会打破这一惯例。
外界预计特朗普任命的官员将针对一系列受工会青睐的劳资关系委员会政策，这些政策近年来推动了工会组织活动的激增。
由特朗普任命为委员会主席的墨菲和梅耶已经恢复了特朗普第一任期内委员会通过的一项规则，该规则大幅提高了将企业认定为合同工和特许经营工人“联合雇主”并追究其责任的门槛，同时还将涉及太空探索技术公司的一起案件移交至另一家联邦劳工机构管辖。
特朗普的解雇事件
去年特朗普采取前所未有的举措解雇民主党委员格温·威尔科克斯，导致劳资关系委员会失去法定三人法定人数，无法裁决案件，近一年时间里积压了数百起案件。
威尔科克斯提起诉讼，曾短暂获得法官恢复职务的判决，但联邦上诉法院叫停并推翻了该裁决。
美国最高法院于6月支持特朗普罢免联邦贸易委员会一名民主党委员的决定，认定一项保护联邦贸易委员会委员无理由不得被免职的法律无效。
威尔科克斯的案件涉及几乎完全相同的适用于国家劳资关系委员会委员的法律条款，她请求最高法院审查该判决的申请目前处于待决状态。
丹尼尔·维斯纳在纽约奥尔巴尼报道；亚历克西亚·加拉姆法尔维与丽莎·舒梅克编辑
US Senate confirms Trump nominees for labor board, cementing Republican control
2026-08-07T18:31:48.843Z / Reuters
The American flag waves from the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., U.S., March 1, 2026. REUTERS/Annabelle Gordon/File Photo
- Summary
- Republicans get key third vote to undo existing precedent
- Trump appointees are expected to target union-friendly rulings
- Board paralyzed last year by Trump’s unprecedented firing of member
Aug 7 (Reuters) – The U.S. Senate on Friday confirmed President Donald Trump’s nominees for two spots on the agency that enforces federal labor law, giving Republicans enough votes to undo a series of key decisions that were widely seen as a boost to union organizing.
The Republican-led Senate voted 51-47 to approve
a bloc
of more than 70 nominees for various roles across the federal government, including James Macy and David Prouty to serve on the National Labor Relations Board.
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Macy, a Republican, has held multiple roles at the U.S. Department of Labor since last year after a four-decade career representing employers in labor cases. Prouty, a former union lawyer who joined the NLRB in 2021 and is its only Democratic member, will serve a second term.
The five-member labor board already had a 2-1 Republican majority before the Senate vote. By tradition, the board has two Democrats, two Republicans and a chair from the president’s party.
Macy and Prouty could not immediately be reached for comment.
THIRD VOTE IS KEY
The NLRB oversees union elections and vets complaints by private-sector workers and unions alleging illegal interference with union organizing and other unlawful labor practices.
The general counsel’s office can file formal complaints that are first heard by administrative judges and then the board, whose decisions can be appealed to federal appeals courts. That in-house process is being challenged in a series of pending lawsuits by companies including Amazon.com and SpaceX that say it violates the U.S. Constitution.
By tradition, the board requires three members to vote in favor of overruling existing precedent, and Trump’s other appointees, Scott Mayer and James Murphy, said during confirmation proceedings last year that they would not break with that practice.
Trump’s appointees are expected to target a series of labor board policies favored by unions that have helped fuel a spike in union organizing in recent years.
Murphy, whom Trump appointed chair, and Mayer have already revived a rule adopted by the board during Trump’s first term that makes it more difficult to hold companies liable as the “joint employers” of contract and franchise workers and relinquished jurisdiction over a case involving SpaceX to a different federal labor agency.
TRUMP FIRING
The labor board lost a three-member quorum and could not decide cases last year when Trump took the unprecedented step of firing Democratic member Gwynne Wilcox, leaving hundreds of cases undecided for nearly a year.
Wilcox sued and was briefly reinstated by a judge, but a federal appeals court paused and then reversed that ruling.
The U.S. Supreme Court in June upheld Trump’s removal of a Democratic member of the Federal Trade Commission, finding that a law shielding FTC commissioners from being removed without cause was invalid.
Wilcox’s case turns on a nearly identical law applying to NLRB members. Her petition for Supreme Court review of that decision is pending.
Reporting by Daniel Wiessner in Albany, New York; Editing by Alexia Garamfalvi and Lisa Shumaker
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