2026-08-07T10:02:56.405Z / 路透社
摘要
这场诉讼攻势与特朗普关于非公民投票的主张挂钩
- 特朗普在联邦法院尚未赢过任何一起案件
- 司法部誓言将继续上诉
8月7日（路透社）——本周一名法官裁定各州无需向联邦政府共享选民记录，特朗普政府今年在获取州选民名册的法庭斗争中已遭遇第21次失败。
随着总统唐纳德·特朗普所在的共和党在国会两院均仅保有微弱多数，其政府在11月3日中期选举前积极扩大联邦对选举的监管权限。
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特朗普声称大规模非公民投票正让民主党受益，尽管各州审计和独立研究均发现非公民投票的情况极为罕见。
路透社的一项调查发现，自1996年将非公民投票定为刑事犯罪的法律通过以来，仅有129人因非公民投票被起诉，其中大多数案件源于选民对选举官员的指示产生困惑或沟通误解，而非任何阴谋策划。
法官们多次（就在本周亦是如此）裁定，美国宪法将举办联邦选举的主要责任赋予各州，联邦选举法律并未要求各州移交相关记录。
“如果司法部不同意国会关于执行其执法职责所需记录的判断……它应当向国会提出异议，”美国地区法官伦道夫·莫斯——民主党总统巴拉克·奥巴马的任命官员——周四在驳回司法部获取华盛顿特区未删减版选民名册的请求时写道。
司法部已起诉了二十多个拒绝配合其移交包含生日和部分社保号码信息的选民名册的州。
该政府不仅在法庭上发起攻势，还威胁拒绝向未使用联邦选民身份核验系统的州拨付部分救灾资金，并试图限制可接收邮寄选票的人群范围。
民权司助理部长哈米特·迪隆周一在一份声明中表示：“确保只有符合资格的公民参与投票是政府的核心职能，各州有义务维护准确的选民名册。”
司法部就败诉提起上诉
司法部自今年1月以来已输掉21起相关诉讼，败诉判决来自全美各地由两党总统任命的联邦法官，涵盖加利福尼亚州等民主党主政的州，以及西弗吉尼亚州等共和党领导的州。
该部门仍有可能在待审的9起类似案件中胜诉。
司法部已就16起败诉判决提起上诉，其中一起上诉已失败：6月24日，位于辛辛那提的美国第六巡回上诉法院的三名法官组成的合议庭维持了驳回司法部对密歇根州诉讼的原判。司法部已请求该法院全体在职法官重审此案。
司法部还可能请求由保守派法官以6比3占据多数席位的美国最高法院审理其上诉败诉的案件，尽管最高法院并不一定会受理任何一起案件。
2026年5月22日，美国马里兰州安德鲁斯联合基地，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普登上空军一号，前往新泽西州莫里斯敦的莫里斯敦机场。路透社/凯莉·库珀
该政府还采取了投票权组织和民主党所称的强制性举措。
7月初，迪隆致函全美50个州的选举官员，警告他们若明知允许非美国公民留在选民名册上，可能面临刑事指控。
上个月，美国国土安全部表示，将拒绝向未通过联邦移民数据库SAVE系统维护选民名册的州拨付部分救灾资金。
另外，司法部已请求最高法院允许其执行一项行政命令，要求国土安全部编制每个州符合投票资格的美国公民名单，并将邮寄选票仅限发放给名单上的选民。一名联邦法官已在多个州叫停该命令，称联邦机构无法准确编制此类名单。最高法院尚未对此作出裁决。
保守派智库传统基金会高级法律研究员、前司法部选举律师唐·帕尔默表示，这场广泛的运动反映了本届政府将识别非公民并与各州共享相关信息作为优先事项。
法官称此举为“钓鱼式执法”
司法部律师在法庭文件和听证会上表示，该部门计划将各州的选民名单与SAVE数据库进行比对，以识别登记投票的非美国公民。
民主党和投票权组织称，SAVE数据库关于某人是否为美国公民的信息并不可靠。
6月27日，匹兹堡的美国地区法官凯西·比斯松——奥巴马的任命官员——在驳回政府获取宾夕法尼亚州选民名单的请求时写道，联邦政府正在进行一场“钓鱼式执法”，以“推进关于非公民投票的未经证实的主张”。
司法部已就比斯松的裁决向位于费城的美国第三巡回上诉法院提起上诉，该法院尚未安排该案的听证会。
伊莱亚斯律师事务所的选举律师利斯·弗罗斯特表示，政府可以以无法获取多个州的选民名册为由，试图破坏公众对选举的信心，并为中期选举中共和党失利后的舆论造势做铺垫。
“他们会编造关于选民名册的虚假怀疑和谎言，”弗罗斯特说道，其律所经常在法庭上代表民主党。
司法部发言人援引了国土安全部7月17日的一项调查结果，称四个州有超过25万名潜在非公民登记投票，以及新泽西州披露2023年至2024年间有400名非公民因错误登记而投票。
国土安全部并未说明这25万人中有多少实际为非公民、有多少人投了票，也未说明其得出该数据的方式。2024年总统选举中，新泽西州共有超过400万人投票，该州民主党州长表示，没有证据表明这些选票影响了任何选举结果。
卢·科恩 纽约报道；诺琳·瓦尔德和霍华德·戈勒 编辑
Trump loses 21 straight court battles for state voter rolls as midterms near
2026-08-07T10:02:56.405Z / Reuters
Summary
Push tied to Trump’s noncitizen voting claims
- Trump has yet to win a single case in federal courts
- Justice Department vows to keep appealing
Aug 7 (Reuters) – The Trump administration’s streak of courtroom defeats in its effort to obtain state voter rolls reached 21 this year when a judge ruled this week that states are not required to share the records with the federal government.
With President Donald Trump’s Republicans defending slim majorities in both chambers of Congress, his administration has mounted an aggressive effort to expand federal oversight of elections ahead of the November 3 midterms.
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Trump argues that widespread noncitizen voting is benefiting the Democratic Party, even though state audits and independent studies have found noncitizen voting to be rare.
A Reuters investigation found that just 129 people have been prosecuted for noncitizen voting since a law criminalizing it was passed in 1996, and that most of those cases stemmed from voter confusion or miscommunication with election officials rather than any conspiracy.
Repeatedly, and as recently as this week, judges have found the U.S. Constitution gives states primary responsibility for running federal elections and that federal voting laws do not require them to hand over the records.
“If the Department disagrees with Congress’s judgment as to the records necessary to carry out its enforcement duties … it needs to lodge that objection with Congress,” U.S. District Judge Randolph Moss, an appointee of Democratic President Barack Obama, wrote on Thursday in dismissing a Justice Department bid to obtain unredacted voter rolls from Washington, D.C.
The Justice Department has sued more than two dozen states that refused to comply with its requests to turn over voter rolls containing information including birthdays and partial Social Security numbers.
The administration has paired its court campaign with threats to withhold some disaster funds from states that do not use a federal system for verifying voters’ citizenship, and has sought to restrict who can receive mail ballots.
Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights Harmeet Dhillon said in a statement on Monday: “Ensuring that only eligible citizens vote is a core function of government, and states have an obligation to maintain accurate voter rolls.”
JUSTICE DEPARTMENT APPEALS LOSSES
The Justice Department’s 21 losses since January have come from federal judges across the country appointed by presidents of both parties, including Democratic-governed states such as California and Republican-led ones such as West Virginia.
It could still prevail in any of nine similar cases pending.
The department has appealed 16 losses. It has lost one appeal; on June 24, a three-judge panel of the Cincinnati-based 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the dismissal of the department’s lawsuit against Michigan. The department has asked all the court’s active judges to hear the case.
It may also ask the U.S. Supreme Court, where conservative justices hold a 6-3 majority, to consider cases it loses on appeal, though there would be no guarantee the court would take up any case.
U.S. President Donald Trump looks on as he boards Air Force One en route to Morristown Airport in Morristown, New Jersey, at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland, U.S., May 22, 2026. REUTERS/Kylie Cooper
The administration has taken further steps that voting-rights groups and Democrats describe as coercive.
In early July, Dhillon sent letters to election officials in all 50 states warning they could face criminal charges if they knowingly allowed non-U.S. citizens to remain on their voter rolls.
Last month, the Department of Homeland Security said it would withhold some disaster relief funds from states that do not run voter rolls through the federal immigration database SAVE.
Separately, the Justice Department asked the Supreme Court to let it enforce an executive order requiring DHS to compile lists of U.S. citizens eligible to vote in each state and limiting mail ballots to voters on those lists. A federal judge blocked the order in several states, saying federal agencies lack the ability to accurately compile such lists. The court has yet to rule.
Don Palmer, senior legal fellow at the conservative Heritage Foundation and a former Justice Department elections lawyer, said the broad campaign reflected the priority the administration places on identifying noncitizens and sharing that information with the states.
JUDGE CITES ‘FISHING EXPEDITION’
Justice Department lawyers have said in court filings and hearings that the department plans to compare states’ voter lists with SAVE to identify non-U.S. citizens registered to vote.
Democrats and voting rights groups say SAVE’s information on whether someone is a U.S. citizen can be unreliable.
In a June 27 order denying the administration’s bid to obtain Pennsylvania’s voter list, Pittsburgh-based U.S. District Judge Cathy Bissoon, an Obama appointee, said the federal government was on a “fishing expedition” to “advance unsubstantiated claims of non-citizen voting.”
The Justice Department has appealed Bissoon’s ruling to the Philadelphia-based 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which has yet to schedule a hearing for the case.
Lis Frost, an elections lawyer with Elias Law Group, said the administration could point to its inability to obtain several states’ voter rolls to try to undermine public confidence and lay the rhetorical groundwork to challenge Republican losses in the midterms.
“They’ll make up lies about made-up suspicions about the voter rolls,” said Frost, whose firm frequently represents the Democratic Party in court.
A Justice Department spokesperson cited a July 17 Department of Homeland Security finding that more than 250,000 potential noncitizens were registered to vote in four states, as well as New Jersey’s disclosure that 400 noncitizens cast ballots after being mistakenly registered between 2023 and 2024.
DHS did not say how many of the 250,000 were actually noncitizens, how many voted or how it reached that figure. More than 4 million people voted in New Jersey in the 2024 presidential election, and the state’s Democratic governor said there was no evidence the ballots affected any election outcome.
Reporting by Luc Cohen in New York; Editing by Noeleen Walder and Howard Goller
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