第十一巡回法院裁定，原告未能证明其很可能在第一修正案诉讼中胜诉
2026年8月4日 美国东部时间晚上9:33 / 福克斯新闻
作者：贾斯敏·贝尔
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一家存在分歧的联邦上诉法院为佛罗里达州实施罗恩·德桑蒂斯州长支持的法案扫清了道路，该法案禁止儿童观看某些露骨的现场表演，包括该州认为对未成年人来说属于淫秽内容的变装表演。
美国第十一巡回上诉法院全体法官以8票对5票的表决结果于周二裁定，奥兰多餐厅汉堡玛丽（Hamburger Mary’s）未能证明其针对佛罗里达州《儿童保护法案》提出的第一和第十四修正案诉讼很可能获得成功。
法院全面撤销了初步禁令，并将案件发回佛罗里达中区美国地区法院进行后续审理。这一裁决为法案的实施扫清了障碍，尽管汉堡玛丽仍可寻求进一步的司法审查。
佛罗里达州总检察长詹姆斯·尤特迈尔在X平台上发文庆祝了这一裁决。
德桑蒂斯叫停佛罗里达一所学校的“变装与甜甜圈”活动，活动邀请了变装皇后“妈妈”阿什利·罗斯：报道
佛罗里达州总检察长詹姆斯·尤特迈尔（中）在周二的裁决后于X平台上发文称赞该决定。（里奇·波普/盖蒂图片社，资料图）
“这是我们团队在第十一巡回法院取得的重大胜利！经过三年的诉讼，全体法院确认了佛罗里达州禁止儿童观看色情化变装表演的法案符合宪法，”尤特迈尔写道。
根据法院的判决意见，该法案将“明知允许儿童观看成人现场表演”定为轻罪。
该法案将“成人现场表演”定义为：现场表演“描绘或模拟裸体、性行为、性兴奋或特定性活动……猥亵行为，或猥亵展示假体或仿制的生殖器或乳房”，并且主要迎合“淫荡、羞耻或病态的兴趣”，“对于在场儿童的年龄来说明显令人反感”，并且整体上对于该儿童的年龄而言缺乏严肃的文学、艺术、政治或科学价值。
主笔该判决的安德鲁·布拉舍法官称该法案是“一项直截了当的淫秽内容管制措施”。
“阻止儿童观看对他们来说属于淫秽的成人现场表演，与佛罗里达州保护未成年人福祉的利益合理相关，”布拉舍写道。
TikTok陷入法律纠纷，州政府指控该应用在误导家长的同时让儿童接触有害内容
迈阿密的一名变装表演者。（盖蒂图片社，资料图）
多数派驳回了汉堡玛丽的论点，即“猥亵”和“在场儿童的年龄”等条款使该法案因过于模糊或范围过宽而违宪。
布拉舍写道，佛罗里达州最高法院的先例将“猥亵”的含义限定为性行为。他还写道，只有同时满足该法案淫秽测试的三个要素，表演才会被禁止。
多数派还裁定，采用随年龄变化的标准并未使该法案在表面上违宪。
八名法官一致认为，汉堡玛丽不太可能在其宪法诉求的实质问题上胜诉。六名法官完全赞同布拉舍的意见，而凯文·纽瑟姆法官和布里特·格兰特法官则除了涉及普遍禁令的部分外，其余内容均表示赞同。
格兰特单独撰文指出，在认定汉堡玛丽不太可能在实质问题上胜诉后，法院无需就禁令的范围作出裁决。
五名法官表示反对。
被解雇的学校辅导员在办公室摆放性别主题书籍引发的言论自由之争中再次败诉
一名变装皇后在迈阿密的舞台上表演。（盖蒂图片社，资料图）
罗宾·罗森鲍姆法官辩称，该法案迫使场所经营者猜测哪些表演适合不同年龄的儿童，同时让经营者面临刑事处罚、罚款乃至可能吊销营业执照的风险。
“今天，本院采纳了‘瞎搞就会倒霉’（MAFO）式的第一修正案司法原则，”罗森鲍姆写道。
她辩称，该法案迫使企业在了解官员将如何执行该法案之前就面临被起诉的风险，从而可能抑制受保护的言论。
罗森鲍姆还辩称，该法案实际上对儿童的年龄实行严格责任，可能让违规者面临监禁、罚款和吊销营业执照的处罚。
美国正在监控英国对一名在医院附近宣讲《约翰福音》3:16的退休牧师的“令人担忧”的起诉
人们在佛罗里达州奥兰多观看变装表演。（盖蒂图片社，资料图）
她写道，该法案“对受保护的言论产生了巨大的寒蝉效应”。
南希·阿卜杜杜法官就该法案的立法历史提交了单独的反对意见。
阿卜杜杜辩称，该法案支持者的言论以及立法工作人员的警告，支持了汉堡玛丽的主张，即该法案将抑制受保护的变装表演。
多数派驳回了这一论点，写道法院通常不会基于所谓的不当立法动机而否决一项原本符合宪法的法律。
印第安纳州共和党参议员提议阻止儿童访问网络色情内容
佛罗里达州州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯在塔拉哈西的佛罗里达州议会大厦与记者交谈。（马蒂亚斯·J·奥克纳/迈阿密先驱报/论坛新闻服务/盖蒂图片社，资料图）
多数派还写道，该法案并未仅仅因为表演包含变装内容就针对它们。
汉堡玛丽于2023年佛罗里达州通过该法案后提起了诉讼。
该餐厅表示，其此前曾举办过宣传为适合家庭参加的周日变装表演，但后来取消了这些活动，并禁止未成年人参加其其他演出，因为它担心会违反法律。
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一名联邦地区法官最初发布了初步禁令，阻止该法案的实施。第十一巡回法院一个存在分歧的三人审判小组维持了该裁决，随后全体法院同意重审此案。
德桑蒂斯和尤特迈尔的办公室，以及佛罗里达美国公民自由联盟，均未立即回应福克斯新闻数字频道的置评请求。
贾斯敏·贝尔是福克斯新闻数字频道的突发新闻撰稿人，报道政治、军事、围绕生命和家庭政策的法律辩论，以及信仰和文化议题。
Federal appeals court clears way for DeSantis-backed law restricting children at some drag shows
11th Circuit rules venue failed to show it would likely succeed in its First Amendment challenge
August 4, 2026 9:33pm EDT / Fox News
By Jasmine Baehr
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A divided federal appeals court cleared the way for Florida to enforce a Gov. Ron DeSantis-backed law restricting children from certain sexually explicit live performances, including drag performances the state argues are obscene for minors.
The full U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit ruled Tuesday 8-5 that Orlando restaurant Hamburger Mary’s had not shown it was likely to succeed in its First and Fourteenth Amendment challenge to Florida’s Protection of Children Act.
The court vacated the preliminary injunction in full and sent the case back to the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida for further proceedings. The ruling clears the way for enforcement, though Hamburger Mary’s could still seek additional review.
Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier celebrated the decision in a post on X.
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Florida AG James Uthmeier, center, touted Tuesday’s decision in a post on X.(Rich Pope/Getty Images, File)
“Huge victory for our team at the 11th Circuit! After 3 years of litigation, the full court affirmed the constitutionality of Florida’s ban on children attending sexualized drag shows,” Uthmeier wrote.
The law makes it a misdemeanor to “knowingly admit a child to an adult live performance,” according to the court’s opinion.
The law defines an “adult live performance” as a live show that “depicts or simulates nudity, sexual conduct, sexual excitement, or specific sexual activities … lewd conduct, or the lewd exposure of prosthetic or imitation genitals or breasts” and that also predominantly appeals to a “prurient, shameful, or morbid interest,” is “patently offensive” for the age of the child present and, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value for that child’s age.
Writing for the court, Judge Andrew Brasher called the law “a straightforward regulation of obscenity.”
“Preventing children from attending adult live performances obscene for them is rationally related to Florida’s interest in safeguarding the well-being of minors,” Brasher wrote.
TIKTOK IN LEGAL HOT SEAT AS STATE ACCUSES APP OF EXPOSING KIDS TO HARMFUL CONTENT WHILE MISLEADING PARENTS
A drag performer in Miami.(Getty Images, File)
The majority rejected Hamburger Mary’s arguments that the terms “lewd” and “the age of the child present” made the law unconstitutionally vague or overly broad.
Brasher wrote that Florida Supreme Court precedent limits the meaning of “lewd” to sexual conduct. He also wrote that all three parts of the law’s obscenity test must be met before a performance is prohibited.
The majority also ruled that using an age-variable standard did not make the law unconstitutional on its face.
Eight judges agreed that Hamburger Mary’s was unlikely to succeed on the merits of its constitutional claims. Six judges joined Brasher’s opinion in full, while Judges Kevin Newsom and Britt Grant joined all but the section addressing universal injunctions.
Grant wrote separately that the court did not need to rule on the scope of the injunction after deciding that Hamburger Mary’s was unlikely to succeed on the merits.
Five judges dissented.
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A drag queen performs onstage in Miami.(Getty Images, File)
Judge Robin Rosenbaum argued that the law forces venues to guess which performances are suitable for children of different ages while exposing operators to criminal penalties, fines and the possible loss of a business license.
“Today our Court embraces mess-around-and-find-out (‘MAFO’) First Amendment jurisprudence,” Rosenbaum wrote.
She argued that the law could chill protected speech by forcing businesses to risk prosecution before learning how officials would apply it.
Rosenbaum also argued that the statute effectively imposes strict liability over a child’s age and could expose violators to jail, fines and the loss of a business license.
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People take in a drag performance in Orlando, Fla.(Getty Images, File)
She wrote that the law “wields a Titanic-sized iceberg of chilling power against protected speech.”
Judge Nancy Abudu filed a separate dissent focused on the law’s legislative history.
Abudu argued that comments from the law’s supporters, along with warnings from legislative staff, supported Hamburger Mary’s claim that the measure would chill protected drag performances.
The majority rejected that argument, writing that courts generally do not strike down an otherwise constitutional law based on an alleged improper legislative motive.
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Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis speaks with reporters at the Florida State Capitol in Tallahassee.(Matias J. Ocner/Miami Herald/Tribune News Service via Getty Images, File)
The majority also wrote that nothing in the law targets performances simply because they feature drag.
Hamburger Mary’s filed the lawsuit in 2023 after Florida enacted the measure.
The restaurant said it had previously hosted Sunday drag performances advertised as family-friendly but canceled those shows and barred minors from its other performances because it feared enforcement.
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A federal district judge initially issued a preliminary injunction blocking enforcement of the law. A divided three-judge panel of the 11th Circuit affirmed that decision before the full court agreed to rehear the case.
DeSantis’ and Uthmeier’s offices, as well as the ACLU of Florida, did not immediately respond to Fox News Digital’s request for comment.
Jasmine Baehr is a breaking news writer for Fox News Digital, where she covers politics, the military, legal debates surrounding life and family policy, as well as faith and culture.
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