2026-07-16T00:13:00-0400 / 哥伦比亚广播公司/美联社
美国认定全球第十大经济体巴西存在一系列不公平贸易行为，将对从巴西进口的商品加征25%关税。
据不愿透露姓名的特朗普政府高级官员透露，这项于上月首次提出的关税将于7月22日生效，相关细节将在周三晚间正式公告发布前进行通报。
该政令豁免了部分美国本土无法生产或官员担忧会扰乱供应链的商品。豁免产品包括咖啡、牛肉、橙子及橙汁、部分油气能源产品以及航空航天零部件。
美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔在一份声明中表示：“无论是惩罚拒绝审查政治言论的美国科技公司、在反腐败执法方面倒退，还是允许巴西农民利用非法砍伐的土地获取相对于美国农民的竞争优势，巴西的不公平贸易行为都阻碍了美国工人和生产商进入这个拥有超过2.1亿消费者的重要市场。”
政府高级官员表示，本届政府在关税目标选择上颇具策略性，仅对美国无法量产以及不会扰乱经济的商品加征关税。
美国贸易代表办公室经过为期一年的调查后认定，巴西存在一系列不公平贸易行为，包括宽松的反腐败执法、自身实施的不公平关税，以及其他被视为不合理且不公平的做法。不过，美国多年来对巴西一直保持商品贸易顺差。
美国官员在6月初警告将提议加征关税后，巴西总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦愤怒回应。他转而将此事归咎于政治因素，将矛头指向自己在10月巴西大选中的对手、参议员弗拉维奥·博索纳罗。弗拉维奥·博索纳罗近期访问过华盛顿，他是前总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗之子，而雅伊尔·博索纳罗是特朗普的盟友。
卢拉在周三晚间的社交媒体声明中谴责了美国的这一举措，否认“所谓的不公平贸易行为”，并表示：“没有理由对我国采取单边措施。根据美国政府自身的统计数据，过去15年来美国对巴西的商品和服务贸易顺差累计达到4245亿美元。”
特朗普政府高级官员周三驳斥了有关政治因素影响该决策的说法，称这些不满是美国在双边贸易关系中长期公开表达的关切。官员们表示，美国曾给予巴西政府时间解决相关问题，但直到过去六周双方才开始进行富有建设性的会谈，不过他们称谈判未取得足够进展。
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2026年6月3日，巴西副总统热拉尔多·阿尔克明（左）与巴西总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦在巴西巴西利亚普拉纳尔托宫举行的部长级会议期间。 东·莫利纳 / 彭博社/盖蒂图片社
此次关税是依据1974年《贸易法》第301条款实施的，该条款允许美国启动针对巴西贸易行为的调查。
美国最高法院今年2月裁定，特朗普依据另一项法律——1977年《国际紧急经济权力法》实施的多项关税无效。法院认定特朗普依据该法案对包括巴西在内的美国贸易伙伴全面加征关税越权。
特朗普曾依据该法律对巴西加征50%关税，以抗议巴西起诉试图推翻2022年大选失利结果的雅伊尔·博索纳罗。但特朗普与卢拉的关系在5月卢拉访问白宫后似乎有所改善。
2025年11月，美国取消了数月前对巴西牛肉、咖啡及其他商品加征的40%关税，当时援引的理由是美巴贸易谈判取得了进展。
U.S. to impose 25% tariffs on Brazilian imports over unfair trade practices, White House says
2026-07-16T00:13:00-0400 / CBS/AP
The United States is imposing 25% tariffs on imports from Brazil after finding a range of what it deemed unfair trade practices by the world’s 10th-biggest economy.
The tariffs, which were first proposed last month, will take effect July 22, according to senior Trump administration officials who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the action ahead of a formal notice posting Wednesday night.
The order exempts some goods that are not produced in the U.S. or that officials worry would disrupt supply chains. Exempted products include coffee, beef, oranges and orange juice, some oil and gas energy products and aerospace parts and components.
“Whether it is punishing U.S. technology companies for refusing to censor political speech, backsliding on anti-corruption enforcement, or allowing Brazilian farmers to exploit illegally logged land to gain an advantage over American farmers, Brazil’s unfair trading practices have prevented U.S. workers and producers from accessing this important market with over 210 million consumers,” U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer said in a statement.
The administration is being strategic in only placing tariffs on goods that cannot be duplicated in the U.S., as well as goods that would not disrupt the economy, senior administration officials said.
The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative concluded after a yearlong investigation that Brazil had a range of unfair trade practices, including lax anti-corruption enforcement and unfair tariffs of its own, among other practices seen as unreasonable and unfair. The U.S., however, has had a goods trade surplus with Brazil for years.
After U.S. officials in early June warned that they were proposing the tariffs, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva reacted with indignation. He instead pointed to political considerations, blaming his rival in the country’s October elections, Sen. Flávio Bolsonaro. Bolsonaro had recently visited Washington and is the son of former President Jair Bolsonaro, a Trump ally.
Lula condemned the U.S. move in a statement on social media late Wednesday night, denying “the alleged unfair trade practices” and saying, “There is no justification for unilateral measures against our country. According to statistics from the U.S. government itself, the United States has accumulated a surplus of $424.5 billion in goods and services with Brazil over the past 15 years.”
Senior Trump administration officials on Wednesday dismissed the contention that politics played a role in the decision, citing the grievances as concerns the U.S. has long aired publicly in the trade relationship. The officials said that the U.S. had given Brazil’s government time to address the issues but only began having constructive meetings in the last six weeks, though they said not enough progress had been made.
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Geraldo Alckmin, Brazil’s vice president, left, and Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, Brazil’s president, during a ministerial meeting at Planalto Palace in Brasilia, Brazil, on June 3, 2026. Ton Molina / Bloomberg via Getty Images
The tariffs are being imposed under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, allowing the U.S. to launch the investigation into Brazil’s trade practices.
The U.S. Supreme Court in February ruled against many of Trump’s tariffs imposed under a different law, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977. The court found he overstepped his authority under that act to impose sweeping tariffs on U.S. trading partners, including Brazil.
Trump had under that law imposed a 50% tariff on Brazil to protest its prosecution of Jair Bolsonaro for trying to overturn his loss in a 2022 election. But Trump’s relationship with Lula seemed to improve in May, when he visited the White House.
In November 2025, the U.S. lifted 40% tariffs it had placed months earlier on Brazilian beef, coffee and other goods, at the time citing progress the U.S. had made in its trade negotiations with Brazil.
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