2026-06-07T19:00:00-0400 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
本文为2026年3月22日首次发布报道的更新版。原始视频可在此处观看。
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伊朗战争凸显了船舶的重要性——不仅是战舰，还有货轮——比如那些运载被困在霍尔木兹海峡附近石油或天然气的船只。但正如我们在3月首次报道的那样，由于数十年的短视政策和忽视，美国造船业已陷入混乱。我们的潜艇建造计划进展缓慢，商业造船业几乎绝迹。中国每年建造约1000艘货轮，美国呢？可能只有3艘。特朗普政府称这是一场国家安全危机，但局面能否扭转？
这里是费城造船厂，美国仅存的两家大型商业货轮建造船厂之一。这里曾是美国实力与创新的象征，18世纪帮助美国赢得独立、20世纪助力打赢第二次世界大战的船舶，很多都产自这里。如今，这座造船厂已成为美国工业衰落的象征，作为亏损企业，已落后全球竞争对手数十年，甚至还在使用1942年的起重机！
莱斯利·斯塔尔：现在来聊聊我们落后程度的隐喻吧。
大卫·金：很多人都会把它称作恐龙。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：还有什么也是恐龙？
大卫·金：你在这里看到的几乎所有东西。
费城造船厂新任负责人大卫·金带我们参观了船厂。他为韩国现代重工集团工作，该集团是仅次于中国的全球第二大造船企业。
现代重工2024年以1亿美元收购了这座船厂，随后又投入1亿美元，并指派在得克萨斯州土生土长的韩裔美国人金来将船厂带入21世纪。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：你们这里实际能造多少艘船？
大卫·金：我们现代重工费城造船厂每年交付1到1.5艘船，而我们韩国的船厂基本每周就能交付1艘。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：什么？每年交付1艘 vs 每周1艘？
大卫·金：没错。
莱斯利·斯塔尔与大卫·金 | 《60分钟》节目
在美国本土不建造船舶被视为国家安全威胁，因为如果与中国发生冲突，例如，北京方面可以将其庞大的商船队军事化，切断我们与全球商品的联系。现代重工计划在费城投入50亿美元，已经从韩国派遣了50名培训师来教导美国工人。
大卫·金：我们的目标是让这座船厂的年产能达到20艘。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：那我们两年后再来，这里会有多大不同？
大卫·金：你会看到机器人，会看到自动化设备。我们还计划将员工规模扩大7000到10000人。
听起来很棒，但美国造船业熟练劳动力严重短缺，包括焊工和管道安装工。这项工作艰苦异常：冬季严寒，夏季酷暑，而且充满危险。虽然船厂有培训项目，但每次只能培训约20名新员工，且需要三年时间！不过，学徒贾斯汀、杰夫和梅格告诉我们，这份工作比他们之前的工作要好。
贾斯汀：我之前在亚马逊做杂货分拣员。
梅格：在来这里之前，我在一家面包店做蛋糕装饰师。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：还有保姆。
梅格：还有保姆，没错。我做过很多工作。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：如果你要向朋友推荐这份工作和这个地方，你会怎么说？
梅格：我会告诉我的朋友，你不用自掏腰包去职业学校，在这里学习期间还能拿到工资。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：他们给你发工资？
梅格：是的。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：还有医保？
梅格：还有医保，这太棒了。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：但工作条件不是很恶劣吗？
杰夫：工作不算轻松。比如，我下班回家，当然会更累，但这对我来说更有成就感。它让你觉得自己是个人物，是更大集体的一部分。
船厂学徒 | 《60分钟》节目
但不仅工人稀缺，船厂设施也过时，费城造船厂还必须从美国境外采购关键部件，比如螺旋桨，甚至发动机。因此，在韩国或中国只需六个月就能建成的船舶，在美国要花两倍的时间，成本更是高达五倍！那谁会买这些船呢？
迈克尔·科尔特：毫无疑问，我们面临着挑战和逆风，但我也认为我们正处在一个独特的历史时刻。
现代重工负责美国业务的最高执行官迈克尔·科尔特表示，降低成本的方法是扩大生产规模。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：所以你的意思是，如果我们建造更多的船，单船成本就会下降。
迈克尔·科尔特：会大幅下降。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：这里真是太忙碌了！
迈克尔·科尔特：确实很忙。
他带我们参观了现代重工在韩国的船厂，那里同时建造9艘船，其中4艘并排建造，就像乐高积木套装，规模堪比足球场。比建筑物还大的钢块悬在地面上方，被起重机吊到水面上方，或是直接从水面滑过。
他向我们展示了他们在技术上的领先优势：一排排的机器人！但即便实现了全面自动化，员工人数仍在增长。现场有超过26000名工人，由于厂区过于庞大，很多人靠低成本的交通工具通勤。船厂还在持续招聘，一次就能培训400名工人——比费城船厂的20人多得多！他们使用最先进的虚拟现实技术进行培训：比如学习喷漆，这是技术、起重机、卡车和自行车的协同舞蹈。这座船厂还建造军用船舶，包括潜艇，这正是美国迫切需要的，因为我们的舰队日渐老化，却几乎造不出新潜艇。
迈克尔·科尔特：从现代重工的角度来看，我们建造的潜艇非常出色。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：就在韩国这里？
迈克尔·科尔特：没错，就在韩国这里。我们已经告诉美国政府，如果他们愿意，我们可以在美国为他们建造潜艇，就在费城，就像我们在韩国做的那样。
- 向《60分钟》发送安全爆料：以下是如何与我们的记者保密分享信息的方法
莱斯利·斯塔尔：贵公司的最终目标是为美国海军建造核动力潜艇吗？
迈克尔·科尔特：美国的潜艇项目正朝着错误的方向发展，我们认为自己可以提供帮助。
现代重工表示，他们帮助美国的另一种方式是运输液化天然气，也就是LNG，希望在费城建造这些巨型LNG运输船。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：美国是全球最大的天然气生产国，但我们自己却一艘LNG船都造不出来，对吗？
迈克尔·科尔特：没错，一艘都没有。
迈克尔·科尔特 | 《60分钟》节目
这就导致了一个荒谬的局面：我们用外国货轮向30多个国家出口液化天然气——
科林·格拉博：但有一个国家我们没法用这种方式运送，那就是美国国内其他地区。
科林·格拉博是 libertarian 智库卡托研究所的贸易专家，他解释说，一项有百年历史的《琼斯法案》规定，任何在美国港口之间运输的货物——比如从巴尔的摩到波士顿，或是从西雅图到朱诺——都必须使用美国制造的船舶。因此，如果运输的是液化天然气，就必须使用美国制造的LNG船。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：但我们一艘都造不出来。
科林·格拉博：没错，一艘都没有。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：我的天。
科林·格拉博：你可能会想，“这看起来是个容易解决的问题，造艘船运天然气不就行了”，但实际账算不通。如果你在亚洲建造一艘这样的船，成本约为2.6亿美元；而在美国本土呢？大约要10亿美元！
莱斯利·斯塔尔：等等，这个国家有没有因为这项法律而无法获得天然气的地区？
科林·格拉博：有，新英格兰。
冬季，新英格兰不得不从国外进口价格更高的天然气，尽管这些天然气就在几个州之外开采。
科林·格拉博：事实上，就在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的同一个月，波多黎各进口了俄罗斯的天然气。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：不会吧。（倒吸一口气）
科林·格拉博：我们嘴上反对俄罗斯，另一方面却在进口他们的能源，而我们自己明明储量充足。这简直离谱。
去年，特朗普总统将解决造船业危机列为国家优先事项，签署行政命令成立多机构行动计划，并设立白宫造船办公室。
特朗普总统（2025年4月9日，签署行政命令时讲话）：“我们远远落后了。我们曾经一天造一艘船，现在几乎一年都造不出一艘。”
但白宫的政策存在矛盾。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：那么看看本届政府，他们想要建造船只，却对钢铁征收50%的高额关税——而钢铁是造船的主要原材料。这不是自相矛盾吗？
科林·格拉博 | 《60分钟》节目
科林·格拉博：没错，这是特朗普政府的矛盾之一。我们人为推高了美国本土造船的成本！
莱斯利·斯塔尔：那造船商为什么不能直接使用美国制造的钢铁呢？那不用交税啊。
科林·格拉博：没错。但我们对进口钢铁征收高额关税，推高了钢材成本，这就给了美国本土钢铁企业涨价的绝佳机会。我们都知道，如今美国钢铁的价格大约是中国等国的两倍。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：你的意思是，因为关税导致钢铁价格上涨，美国钢铁制造商就会跟着涨价？
科林·格拉博：他们都是以盈利为目的的企业。
他实际上认为，我们应该直接从盟友韩国购买船舶，而不是自己建造。他还指出了白宫的另一项矛盾政策：收紧熟练技术工人的工作签证发放。
科林·格拉博：传统上，很多移民都愿意从事这类工作。但我们现在却在拒绝移民，采取更敌对的移民政策。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：本届政府似乎在自相矛盾。
科林·格拉博：没错。
去年9月，美国移民及海关执法局突袭了佐治亚州的一家韩国电池厂，指控其违反签证规定，这无疑雪上加霜。特工们戴着手铐脚链带走了300名韩国技术人员和工程师，尽管他们是来美国培训美国工人的。现代重工的迈克尔·科尔特表示，这在韩国引发了强烈反弹。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：你们有没有得到保证，佐治亚州发生的事情不会在费城重演？
迈克尔·科尔特：我们得到了保证，我们的签证手续齐全，我们的团队不会受到影响。
白宫致力于在美国本土建造船舶。因此，去年特朗普总统威胁要对韩国进口商品征收关税时，韩国总统提出投资1500亿美元重振美国造船业，并承诺费城只是开端。
迈克尔·科尔特：人们认识到，美国面临的问题，韩国或许是唯一能够提供帮助的国家。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：这听起来就像是对美国的援助。哇。如果美国直接从韩国购买船舶，不是更有利可图、也更明智吗？
迈克尔·科尔特：那解决不了根本问题。归根结底，造船业是国家安全的必要产业。美国需要能够保障自身的商业运输，需要能够出口本国的能源。
莱斯利·斯塔尔：如今我们不得不依靠韩国的专业技术来帮助我们建立一个出于国家安全考虑而必需的产业。我们应该为此感到羞耻吗？应该觉得自己软弱无力吗？
迈克尔·科尔特：我认为我们不必感到恐惧或软弱。美国正处于造船业危机中，每个美国人都应该意识到这一点，但这并不意味着危机无法解决。
我们曾经派遣船舶拯救韩国，如今我们却不得不求助于韩国来拯救我们自己。
在给《60分钟》的一份声明中，白宫表示：“没有哪位总统为增强美国海上力量所做的工作比特朗普总统更多。”由于战争导致汽油价格日益波动，总统已暂时暂停《琼斯法案》，以缓解美国国内的石油和天然气运输。
_制作：沙查尔·巴-昂、陈真淑。广播助理：阿里亚·恩。编辑：马修·莱夫**
With South Korea and China building ships faster and cheaper than U.S., Trump makes shipbuilding a priority
2026-06-07T19:00:00-0400 / CBS News
This is an updated version of a story first published on March 22, 2026. The original video can be viewed here.
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The war in Iran is highlighting the importance of ships – not just warships but cargo vessels – like those carrying oil or gas trapped near the Strait of Hormuz. But as we first reported in March, American shipbuilding is in shambles, due to decades of shortsighted policies and neglect. Our submarine building program is sluggish. And our commercial shipbuilding is nearly extinct. China makes roughly 1,000 cargo ships a year. The U.S.? Maybe three. The Trump administration has called this a national security crisis. But can this ship be turned around?
This is the Philadelphia shipyard, one of only two left in the U.S. building large commercial cargo ships. Once a symbol of American might and innovation, ships built here helped win our independence in the 18th century, and World War II in the 20th. This shipyard has become a symbol of American industrial decline, a money loser falling decades behind our global rivals. And it still uses a crane from 1942!
Lesley Stahl: Now, talk about a metaphor of how far behind we are.
David Kim: Lotta times people’ll call it a dinosaur.
Lesley Stahl: What else is a dinosaur?
David Kim: Almost everything that you’ve seen out there.
David Kim, the new head of the Philly shipyard, showed us around. He works for Hanwha, a giant shipmaker from South Korea, the country making most ships after China.
Hanwha bought the yard in 2024 for $100 million, then poured in another $100 million and tasked Kim, a Korean-American born and bred in Texas, to bring it into the 21st century.
Lesley Stahl: How many ships do you actually make here?
David Kim: Here at the Hanwha Philly Shipyard we deliver one to one-and-a-half ships a year versus our yard in Korea where they deliver basically one a week.
Lesley Stahl: What? One a year for delivery versus one a week?
David Kim: That’s correct.
Lesley Stahl and David Kim 60 Minutes
Not building ships in the U.S. is considered a national security threat because if there’s a conflict with China, for instance, Beijing could weaponize its substantial merchant fleet and cut us off from global goods. Hanwha plans to spend $5 billion in Philly and has already sent 50 trainers from Korea to teach American workers.
David Kim: Our aspiration is to get to up to 20 ships a year here at the shipyard.
Lesley Stahl: So we come back in two years. How different will it look?
David Kim: You’ll see robots. You will see automation equipment. And we’re looking to grow the workforce by, call it, 7,000 to 10,000 people.
Sounds great, only there’s a huge shortage in the U.S. of skilled labor in ship-building, including welders and pipe-fitters. This work is grueling: freezing in winter, scorching in summer, and it’s dangerous. And while the yard has a training program, it can only train 20 or so new hires at a time and it takes three years! Still, apprentices Justin, Jeff, and Meg, told us this beats their old jobs.
Justin: I worked at Amazon as a grocery picker.
Meg: Before this job I was a cake decorator at a bakery.
Lesley Stahl: And a nanny.
Meg: And a nanny as well. Yes. I worked many jobs.
Lesley Stahl: If you were to pitch this job and this place to a friend, what would you say?
Meg: I would tell my friend that instead of paying out of pocket to go to a trade school, you’re getting paid while you learn here the entire time.
Lesley Stahl: They pay you?
Meg: Yes.
Lesley Stahl: And health care?
Meg: And health care, which is amazing.
Lesley Stahl: But aren’t the conditions really harsh?
Jeff: Not the easiest work. Like, I go home, granted, I’m more tired but it’s more fulfillin’ to me. Makes you feel like you’re somethin’, part of somethin’ bigger.
Apprentices at the shipyard 60 Minutes
But not only are workers scarce and the yard outdated, the Philly shipyard has to bring key components to the U.S., such as propellers, and even the engine. So ships that take six months to build in Korea or China can take twice as long here, and cost five times as much! And who will buy them?
Michael Coulter: There’s no doubt that we have challenges and headwinds, but I also think we have a unique moment in time.
Michael Coulter, who’s Hanwha’s top executive in charge of U.S. operations, says the way to lower prices is scale up production.
Lesley Stahl: So you’re saying if we build more ships, then the cost per ship will come down.
Michael Coulter: Significantly.
Lesley Stahl: It’s so busy here!
Michael Coulter: It is busy.
He took us to Hanwha’s shipyard in Korea, where nine ships are being built at once, four in a row, like Lego sets the size of football fields. Steel chunks bigger than buildings hover over the ground. They’re lifted above the water, or they just glide by.
He showed us how far ahead they are technologically: rows and rows of robots! But even with all the automation, the human workforce keeps growing. There are over 26,000 workers on site, many getting around on low tech because this place is so vast. And the yard keeps hiring, training 400 workers at once – way more than the 20 in Philly! And they’re taught using cutting-edge virtual reality! He’s learning to paint. It’s a dance of tech, cranes, trucks, and bikes. And this yard also builds military vessels, including submarines, which the U.S. desperately needs, since our fleet is aging and we can barely make new ones.
Michael Coulter: From a Hanwha perspective, we build great submarines.
Lesley Stahl: Here, in Korea.
Michael Coulter: Here, in Korea, yes. We have told the U.S. government that if they so wish, we will build submarines for them in the United States, and in Philadelphia, just like we do in Korea.
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Lesley Stahl: Is the ultimate goal for your company to build nuclear submarines for the U.S. Navy?
Michael Coulter: The submarine program in the United States is heading in the wrong direction, and we think we can help.
Another way Hanwha says it wants to help the U.S. is with transporting liquified natural gas, or LNG, hoping to build these giant LNG tankers in Philly.
Lesley Stahl: The United States is the largest producer of natural gas. And yet, we don’t have any LNG ships that we make ourselves. Is that correct?
Michael Coulter: That’s correct. Not a single one.
Michael Coulter 60 Minutes
This leads to an absurd situation: while we export LNG on foreign carriers to over 30 countries –
Colin Grabow: One country we don’t send it to is other parts of the United States.
Colin Grabow, a trade expert at the libertarian CATO Institute, explains that a century-old law called the Jones Act requires that any cargo shipped between U.S. ports – say from Baltimore to Boston, or Seattle to Juneau – that cargo has to be on an American-made ship. So if the cargo is LNG, it has to be on an American made LNG ship.
Lesley Stahl: But we don’t build any.
Colin Grabow: That’s right. There aren’t any.
Lesley Stahl: Oh, my god.
Colin Grabow: And you might think, “Well, seems like an easy problem to solve. Go build the ship, transport the gas,” except the math doesn’t work. If you want to build one of those ships in Asia, the cost is around $260 million; here in the United States? About $1 billion!
Lesley Stahl: Well, wait. Are there parts of this country that cannot get natural gas because of this law?
Colin Grabow: That’s right, New England.
In winters, New England has to import pricier natural gas from abroad, even though it’s extracted only a few states away.
Colin Grabow: In fact, Puerto Rico imported Russian natural gas the same month as Russia invaded Ukraine.
Lesley Stahl: No. (GASP)
Colin Grabow: So we take a stance against Russia. On the other hand, we’re importing their energy, something that we have in abundance. You can’t make this stuff up.
Last year, President Trump made solving our ship crisis a national priority, signing an executive order creating a multi-agency action plan and a White House office of shipbuilding.
President Trump (4/9/25, signing executive order).: “We’re way, way, way behind. We used to build a ship a day and now we don’t do a ship a year, practically.”
But the White House has conflicting priorities.
Lesley Stahl: So here’s the administration. It wants to build ships and they’re putting huge tariffs– 50% on steel, which is the main component in a ship. What’s wrong with that picture?
Colin Grabow 60 Minutes
Colin Grabow: Yes. This is one of the paradoxes of the Trump administration. We’re artificially increasing the cost of building ships in this country!
Lesley Stahl: So why can’t shipbuilders just use American made steel? There’s no tariffs on those.
Colin Grabow: That’s true. But when we put heavy tariffs on imported steel, we drive those costs up, that’s a great opportunity for Americans to raise their own price. What we know is today, American steel is roughly twice as expensive as steel in, say, China.
Lesley Stahl: What you’re saying is when the price of steel goes up because of tariffs, then the American steel manufacturer hikes the price of steel?
Colin Grabow: These are profit oriented enterprises.
He actually thinks we should be able to just buy and use ships from our ally, South Korea, not build them. And he points to another conflicting White House priority: making it harder to grant skilled immigrants work visas.
Colin Grabow: Traditionally, a lot of immigrants have been willing to do this kind of work. And yet, we are turning our back on immigration and adopting a more hostile stance.
Lesley Stahl: The administration seems to be fighting its own policy.
Colin Grabow: Yes.
It didn’t help when last September, ICE raided a Korean battery plant in Georgia, alleging visa violations. Agents dragged off 300 Korean technicians and engineers in cuffs and chains, despite their coming here to train American workers. Hanwha’s Michael Coulter says this caused a backlash in Korea.
Lesley Stahl: Have you been assured that what happened in Georgia will not happen in Philadelphia?
Michael Coulter: We’ve been assured that our visas are the right visas and our team is not going to be impacted.
The White House is committed to making ships here. So last year, when President Trump threatened to put tariffs on Korean imports, Korea’s president offered instead to invest $150 billion to revive the U.S. shipbuilding industry, promising Philly is just the start.
Michael Coulter: There’s a recognition that the United States has a problem that Korea may be uniquely positioned to help.
Lesley Stahl: That’s like aid for the United States. Wow. Wouldn’t it be more profitable and wiser if the United States just bought the ships from Korea?
Michael Coulter: That doesn’t solve the problem. At the end of the day, shipbuilding is a national security necessity. The U.S. needs to be able to secure our own commerce. We need to be able to export our own energy.
Lesley Stahl: The idea that we now rely on Korean expertise to help us build an industry that we need for national security reasons.Should we be ashamed of ourselves? Should we feel weak?
Michael Coulter: I don’t think we should be fearful or feel weak. We are in a shipbuilding crisis in the United States, and every American should be aware of that. But that doesn’t mean that it’s not solvable.
We once deployed ships to save South Korea. Now we’ve been forced to turn to South Korea to save us.
In a statement to 60 Minutes, the White House said, quote: “no president has done more to bolster American maritime power.” With gas prices becoming increasingly volatile due to the war, the president has temporarily suspended the Jones Act to ease the transport of oil and gas within the U.S..
Produced by Shachar Bar-On and Jinsol Jung. Broadcast associate, Aria Een. Edited by Matthew Lev