2026-06-15T13:39:59.147Z / 路透社
2026年6月8日摄于美国华盛顿的美国最高法院大楼。路透社/乔纳森·恩斯特 授权许可购买
6月15日（路透社）——美国最高法院周一拒绝受理梅西百货提起的上诉。该上诉针对美国国家劳资关系委员会的一项裁决，该裁决要求这家零售商赔偿被其解雇的员工，而梅西百货此前试图削弱该机构下令此类赔偿的权力。
梅西百货此前曾对维持劳资关系委员会裁决的下级法院判决提起上诉。梅西百货请求大法官们解决联邦上诉法院之间的分歧，即国家劳资关系委员会是否有权要求被认定非法解雇员工的公司赔偿相关经济损失。
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美国国家劳资关系委员会在美国面临数十起案件，挑战其机构架构和内部执法程序，以及该机构长期以来免受总统干预其决策的保护措施。
2023年，在民主党总统乔·拜登政府任期内，国家劳资关系委员会认定梅西百货的行为非法：该公司在内华达州和加利福尼亚州解雇了约60名工会化的建筑工程师，此前这些工程师因合同谈判停滞而结束罢工。委员会还要求梅西百货张贴通知，告知员工其相关权利。
该委员会下令梅西百货向被解雇员工支付由此造成的所有经济损失，并表示将在稍后确定是否需要采取其他补救措施。
2022年，国家劳资关系委员会在涉及小型企业营销软件公司Thryv的一项裁决中表示，将开始要求雇主赔偿因公司非法行为导致员工遭受的“直接且可预见的”经济损失，例如信用卡手续费或自付医疗费用。
此前，该委员会在涉及非法劳工行为的案件中，仅裁定赔偿损失的工资和福利。但在Thryv案中，民主党主导的委员会多数成员表示，数十年来，这种做法一直亏待了那些因受到非法处分或解雇而生活被彻底颠覆的员工。
梅西百货是众多质疑扩大赔偿范围的企业之一，声称这与私人诉讼中常见的损害赔偿并无不同。梅西百货表示，国家劳资关系委员会采取的此类补救措施违反了美国宪法规定的陪审团审判权，在本案中，应由陪审员而非政府机构来裁定梅西百货是否应支付损害赔偿。
在梅西百货对国家劳资关系委员会的裁决提出质疑后，总部位于旧金山的美国第九巡回上诉法院裁定，该机构有权酌情采取补救措施，通过恢复雇主违法前的现状来维护公共利益。
另有三家联邦上诉法院持不同意见，裁定国会有意将该机构的权力范围限制在直接涉及联邦劳动法适用的事项上。
美国商会和其他商业游说团体在一份法庭摘要中支持梅西百货，敦促最高法院受理此案。
预计共和党总统唐纳德·特朗普任命的国家劳资关系委员会成员将推翻该机构的Thryv裁决，以及民主党总统任命的一系列有利于员工和工会的其他裁决。国家劳资关系委员会的政策往往随着总统换届和来自总统所在政党的新任命者重塑其工作重点而发生变化。
目前，这个五人委员会中共和党占2比1的多数席位，另有两个空缺职位。根据长期政策，需要三票才能推翻现有委员会先例。特朗普已提名资深劳工律师詹姆斯·梅西担任关键的第三票。
丹尼尔·威斯纳 纽约奥尔巴尼报道
威尔·邓厄姆和亚历克西亚·加拉姆法尔维 编辑
US Supreme Court rejects Macy’s challenge over compensating fired strikers
2026-06-15T13:39:59.147Z / Reuters
A view of the U.S. Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C., U.S., June 8, 2026. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst Purchase Licensing Rights
June 15 (Reuters) – The U.S. Supreme Court declined on Monday to hear a challenge by Macy’s
to a National Labor Relations Board decision requiring the retailer to compensate employees who the company fired in a case in which the company sought to roll back the agency’s power to order such action.
Macy’s had
appealed
a lower court’s decision upholding the labor board’s action. Macy’s had asked the justices to resolve a split among federal appeals courts over the NLRB’s authority to require that companies found to have illegally fired employees make those workers whole for any related financial losses.
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The NLRB is facing dozens of cases across the United States challenging its structure and in-house enforcement proceedings, as well as the agency’s longstanding protections against presidential interference in its decisions.
The NLRB in 2023, during Democratic President Joe Biden’s administration, decided that Macy’s acted unlawfully when it locked out and fired about 60 unionized building engineers in Nevada and California after they ended a strike over stalled contract negotiations. It also required Macy’s to post notices informing workers of their rights.
The board ordered Macy’s to reimburse the workers for any monetary harms caused when they were fired, and said it would determine at a later time whether any further remedies were appropriate.
The NLRB in a 2022 decision involving Thryv, a small business marketing software company, said it would begin ordering employers to reimburse workers for “direct and foreseeable” financial losses stemming from a company’s illegal conduct, such as credit card fees or out-of-pocket medical expenses.
Previously, the only money remedies the board ordered in cases involving unlawful labor practices were lost pay and benefits. But in the Thryv case, a Democratic board majority said that practice had for decades been shortchanging workers whose lives can be upended if they are unlawfully disciplined or fired.
Macy’s is one of dozens of businesses that have challenged the expanded remedies, claiming that they are no different than the compensatory damages typically sought in private lawsuits. Macy’s said that such remedies by the NLRB violate the right spelled out in the U.S. Constitution to a jury trial, in this instance to have jurors rather than a government agency decide whether they owe damages.
After Macy’s challenged the NLRB’s action, the San Francisco-based 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals decided that the agency has discretion to award remedies that vindicate the public interest by restoring the status quo that existed before an employer broke the law.
Three other federal appeals courts have disagreed, ruling that Congress intentionally limited the scope of the board’s authority to matters directly involving the application of federal labor law.
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce and other business lobbying groups
in a brief
sided with Macy’s in urging the Supreme Court to take the case.
Republican President Donald Trump’s appointees to the NLRB are expected to overturn the agency’s Thryv ruling and a series of other decisions by appointees of Democratic presidents that favored workers and unions. The NLRB’s policies tend to shift as presidential administrations change and new appointees from the president’s party reshape its priorities.
The five-member board currently has a 2-1 Republican majority and two vacancies. Under a longstanding policy, three votes are needed to reverse existing board precedent. Trump has nominated a veteran labor lawyer, James Macy, to provide the key third vote.
Reporting by Daniel Wiessner in Albany, New York, Editing by Will Dunham and Alexia Garamfalvi