2026-05-01 01:24:17 UTC / 路透社
作者：丹尼尔·特罗塔、乔治娜·麦卡特尼、沙里克·汗
2026年5月1日 1:24 UTC 更新于38分钟前
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[1/2]2026年4月30日，美国加利福尼亚州恩西尼塔斯市公路旁一家加油站的汽油价格牌。路透社/迈克·布雷克 获取授权许可，打开新标签页
伊朗冲突扰乱全球石油流动，加剧加州供应紧张并推高油价
依赖亚洲进口与炼油厂关停加剧加州燃油短缺
油价上涨在州级与全国选举前夕引发政治辩论
数据提供商Kpler显示：加州燃油库存创历史新低，4月进口量大幅下滑
路透社加利福尼亚州卡尔斯巴德4月30日电——当地时间周四，纪念美国66号公路百年诞辰的驾车者们在加利福尼亚州需为每加仑汽油支付6美元，这是两年来的最高油价，也在选举临近之际成为酝酿中的政治引爆点。作为备受赞誉的自由公路旅行象征，66号公路今年迎来百年纪念。
伊朗战事对全球石油供应造成了有史以来最严重的 disruption，推高了全球汽油价格，给拥有美国最多人口和最多车辆的加州带来了格外沉重的负担。
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由于严苛的排放标准、高额税费以及对进口石油的依赖，加州也是全美汽油价格最高的州之一。
加州州长初选仅距一个月，多位候选人本周在一场辩论中就是否取消该州每加仑0.61美元的全国最高汽油税展开了争论。
在联邦层面，高油价势必成为11月国会中期选举的主要政治议题，届时唐纳德·特朗普总统的共和党人将竭力保住议会控制权。
路透社/益普索4月的一项民调显示，四分之三的美国人认为特朗普政府应为近期油价上涨负责，多数受访者预计未来一年油价还会进一步走高。
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全美最高汽油价格
美国汽车协会GasBuddy的数据显示，加州周四的平均汽油价格达到每加仑6.01美元，为全美最高，也是该州驾车者自2023年10月以来面临的最高油价；而美国全国平均油价攀升至每加仑4.34美元，为2022年7月以来的峰值。
燃油价格飙升挤压了美国消费者的开支，3月份的年度通胀涨幅达到近三年来的最高水平，其中燃油涨价是重要推手之一。
分析人士预计，随着伊朗冲突持续——该冲突已导致霍尔木兹海峡关闭，全球近五分之一的石油流动受阻——并延续至美国夏季旅游旺季（通常从5月底阵亡将士纪念日前后开始，持续至9月劳动节），民众的痛苦还会加剧。
加州国内燃油需求高度依赖亚洲进口，因此是受伊朗战争引发供应短缺影响最严重的美国州之一。亚洲炼油厂因难以找到替代中东原油的货源，纷纷减产并限制出口，这意味着它们可出口至加州的燃油数量大幅减少。
燃油短缺还促使外国进口商抢购美国墨西哥湾沿岸的原油和燃油供应，推高了基准油价，进而带动全美燃油价格上涨。
Kpler的数据显示，美国3月份汽油出口量升至每日83.4万桶，为去年11月以来的最高水平，其中至少有两批货物运往亚洲。
Kpler的数据还显示，加州4月份的燃油库存创下历史新低。加州汽油进口量在4月13日当周达到创纪录的每日19.5万桶后大幅下滑，上周降至每日不足7.5万桶。
“可以说，加州是美国受霍尔木兹海峡局势影响最严重的州，尽管美国整体上基本未受该事件直接波及。”道琼斯能源部门首席石油分析师登顿·辛克格拉纳说道。
夏季公路旅行遭遇减速带
不断上涨的燃油价格在加州乃至全美范围内引发了政治争议。
加州现任州长加文·纽瑟姆是特朗普最直言不讳的批评者之一，他将本州及其他地区的油价飙升归咎于伊朗战争。
“本周每一位给汽车加油、购买食品杂货或预订航班的美国人，都在为特朗普的伊朗战争税买单。”纽瑟姆周四在一份新闻稿中表示。
此前，纽瑟姆支持的能源政策导致加州部分炼油厂关停，加剧了该州对进口燃油的依赖，他因此遭到特朗普的批评。
去年，加州能源委员会曾向驾车者保证，从亚洲进口的能力将可应对可能出现的油价飙升，当时两家炼油厂关停导致该州约20%的车用燃油供应缺口。但在当前的能源危机中，这一举措反而暴露了脆弱性，而非优势。
拥有一家景观设计公司的米格尔·安赫尔·克鲁兹表示，过去他给卡车加满油只需50美元，现在要花80美元。他说话之际，加州卡尔斯巴德一家加油站的加油机显示屏上的金额已经超过80美元，最终在加注13加仑多一点的燃油后停在了85.75美元。
“我不能少开车，”克鲁兹以生意需求为由说道，“每次白宫换了新总统，他们都会说今年情况会好转。但什么都没变，还是老样子，只是现在因为伊朗战争，情况变得更糟了。”
美国政府的66号公路百年纪念委员会和独立驾车者们计划举办一系列活动，庆祝这条全长2400英里（约3860公里）的“母亲之路”百年诞辰。这条公路横跨八个州，连接芝加哥与洛杉矶，是夏日假期驾车出游爱好者的最爱。
美国汽车协会（AAA）的一项调查显示，约41%的美国人计划在2026年百年纪念活动期间前往66号公路的部分路段游览。
“我认为加州的汽油根本不该卖这么贵……我负担不起这样的油价。”刚从德克萨斯州搬到加州的视频编辑阿曼达·马丁内斯说道。她补充说，如果油价继续上涨，她会考虑减少开车出行。
她计划向雇主申请更多居家办公机会或申请汽油补贴，并考虑购买电动汽车，因为她的办公室距离家大约20英里。
本报记者分别在加利福尼亚州欧申赛德与卡尔斯巴德的丹尼尔·特罗塔、纽约的沙里克·汗与妮可·饶、洛杉矶的尼科拉·古鲁姆报道；编辑：阿拉西·索马塞卡尔、内森·克鲁克斯、西蒙·韦伯、大卫·格雷戈里奥与埃德蒙·克拉曼
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Californians now paying 6 bucks a gallon for kicks on Route 66
2026-05-01 01:24:17 UTC / Reuters
By Daniel Trotta, Georgina Mccartney and Shariq Khan
May 1, 2026 1:24 AM UTC Updated 38 mins ago
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[1/2]The price of gasoline is displayed at a gas station near the highway in Encinitas, California, U.S., April 30, 2026. REUTERS/Mike Blake Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
Iran conflict disrupts global oil flows, tightening California supply and raising prices
Reliance on Asian imports and refinery closures worsen California’s fuel shortages
Rising gas prices spark political debate ahead of state and national elections
California fuel stockpiles hit record lows, imports dropped sharply in April, Kpler data shows
CARLSBAD, California, April 30 (Reuters) – Motorists commemorating the centennial of U.S. Route 66 – a celebrated symbol of carefree road trips – were paying $6 a gallon for gasoline in California on Thursday, the highest price in two years and a brewing political flashpoint as elections loom.
The Iran war has brought the worst-ever disruption to global oil supplies, driving up gasoline prices worldwide and posing particular hardships for California, the most populous U.S. state with the most cars on the road.
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The Golden State also has some of the highest gasoline prices in the country because of stringent emissions standards, high taxes and its reliance on imported petroleum.
With California’s gubernatorial primary barely one month away, candidates sparred at a debate this week over whether to eliminate the state’s $0.61-per-gallon gas tax, the highest in the nation.
At the national level, high gas prices look certain to become a major political issue ahead of congressional midterm elections in November, when President Donald Trump’s Republicans will be struggling to retain control.
Three out of four Americans said the Trump administration bore responsibility for the recent rise in gas prices, according to an April Reuters/Ipsos poll, while a majority said they expect gas prices to get worse over the next year.
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HIGHEST GAS PRICES IN THE U.S.
California’s average gasoline price hit $6.01 a gallon on Thursday, the highest in the country and the most that motorists in the state have had to pay since October 2023, GasBuddy data showed, while the U.S. national average climbed to $4.34 a gallon, the highest since July 2022.
The fuel price surge has pinched U.S. consumers, contributing in March to the biggest gain in annual inflation in nearly three years.
Analysts expect the pain to worsen as the Iran conflict – which has closed the Strait of Hormuz and bottled up nearly a fifth of global oil flows – stretches into the peak U.S. summer travel season, typically beginning around Memorial Day in late May and lasting through Labor Day in September.
California relies heavily on Asia for imports to meet its domestic fuel requirements, making it one of the U.S. states most affected by supply shortages due to the Iran war. Asian refiners have cut production and restricted exports as they struggle to find crude oil to replace barrels from the Middle East. That means they have less to export to California.
Fuel shortages have also pushed foreign importers to snap up crude and fuel supplies from the U.S. Gulf Coast, pushing benchmark oil prices higher – and with them fuel prices across the United States.
U.S. gasoline exports rose in March to 834,000 barrels per day, the highest since November, with at least two cargos sent to Asia, Kpler data showed.
Fuel stockpiles in California hit record lows in April. Gasoline imports to California dropped sharply after hitting a record 195,000 bpd in the week starting April 13, to less than 75,000 bpd last week, Kpler data showed.
“California is arguably the state most impacted by the Strait of Hormuz in the United States, which has been largely insulated from the events,” said Denton Cinquegrana, chief oil analyst at Dow Jones Energy.
SUMMER ROAD TRIPS FACE A SPEED BUMP
The rising fuel prices are fueling political controversy in California and nationwide.
California’s incumbent Governor Gavin Newsom, one of Trump’s most vocal critics, has blamed the war in Iran for soaring gas prices in his state and elsewhere.
“Every American who fills up their tank this week, buys groceries, or books a flight is paying Donald Trump’s Iran war tax,” Newsom said in a press release on Thursday.
Newsom has faced criticism from Trump after energy policies he has supported contributed to the closure of some California refineries, increasing the state’s reliance on imports.
The California Energy Commission last year sought to reassure motorists that the ability to import from Asia would protect against possible price spikes, after the closure of two refineries supplying about 20% of the state’s motor fuel requirements. That has, however, proved a vulnerability rather than a strength during the current energy crisis.
Miguel Angel Cruz, who owns a landscaping business, said he used to fill up his truck for $50 but now it costs $80. As he spoke, the pump display at the gasoline station in Carlsbad, California, shot past $80 to land at $85.75 for a little more than 13 gallons.
“I cannot drive any less,” Cruz said, citing the needs of his business. “Every time we get a new president in the White House, they say this year is gonna be better. But nothing’s changed. It’s the same story, except now it’s worse because of the war in Iran.”
The U.S. government’s Route 66 Centennial Commission and independent motorists have scheduled a series of events to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the 2,400-mile (3,860 km)Route 66 – often called “The Mother Road” – that stretches through eight states to connect Chicago with Los Angeles.
About 41% of Americans planned to visit at least parts of Route 66 during the 2026 centennial celebration, an AAA survey showed. The iconic route is a favorite road trip for motorists during summer holidays.
“I don’t believe gas in California should cost this much at all … I cannot afford this gas,” said Amanda Martinez, a video editor who recently moved to California from Texas. She added that if gas prices rise further, she would consider driving less.
She plans to ask her employer for more work from home or for a gas card, and is considering buying an electric vehicle as her office is about 20 miles away from her home.
Reporting by Daniel Trotta in Oceanside and Carlsbad, California, Shariq Khan and Nicole Jao in New York, Nichola Groom in Los Angeles; Editing by Arathy Somasekhar, Nathan Crooks, Simon Webb, David Gregorio and Edmund Klamann
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