2026-05-20T11:28:00-0400 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（CBS News）
作者：西蒙·埃勒里
更新时间：2026年5月20日 / 美国东部时间上午11:31 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
孟加拉国一场已造成近400人死亡的麻疹疫情正在快速蔓延，卫生专家表示，即便在美国也可能带来风险——美国本土麻疹病例已达到数十年来最高水平，疫苗接种率持续下滑。
近期孟加拉国麻疹疫情的遇难者大多为儿童。该国卫生服务总局（DGHS）称，疑似病例数已激增至5.6万余例，当地媒体报道称，全国多家医院已不堪重负。
这一疑似病例数自4月初以来已翻倍有余。
哥伦比亚广播公司新闻已就孟加拉国应对疫情的举措询问该国公共卫生部长穆罕默德·A·穆希特博士，但截至发稿时，其办公室未予回复。
当地新闻媒体发布了医院人满为患的画面，由于床位不足，部分患者只能在地上接受治疗。救援机构报告称，许多感染者是年龄太小无法接种疫苗，或是仅完成部分接种的儿童。
2026年5月8日，在孟加拉国达卡的一座城市公司医院，感染麻疹的儿童正在接受治疗。马鲁夫·拉赫曼/努罗照片/盖蒂图片社
“政府的疫苗供应出现了变化，导致接种延误，形成了三年的免疫空白期，”驻孟加拉国的联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）官员米格尔·马特奥斯·穆尼奥斯告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，“疫苗需接种两剂才能生效，但我们看到很多儿童只接种了一剂，或是完全没有接种过疫苗。”
什么是麻疹？为何它如此危险？
麻疹是全球传染性最强的病毒之一。它极易在人际间传播，最常见的途径是感染者咳嗽或打喷嚏时喷出的飞沫，这些飞沫可在空气中停留数小时。
如果未接种疫苗的人接触到病毒，感染概率约为90%。儿童和老年人尤其容易受到感染，该病可能引发肺炎症状、脑水肿、永久性残疾，在少数病例中会导致死亡。
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）表示：“感染者在得知自己患病前，就已具备将麻疹传染给他人的能力。”该机构指出，病毒携带者“在标志性斑丘疹出现前4天至出现后4天”均可传播病毒。
世界卫生组织指出，目前尚无针对麻疹的特异性抗病毒治疗方法，尽管大多数患者可在两到三周内康复，但“麻疹可能引发肺炎、腹泻、继发性耳部感染、脑炎、失明甚至死亡等并发症”。
世卫组织称：“每1000例报告病例中，约有2至3例死亡。”尽管已有有效疫苗，该组织估计2024年仍有近10万人死于该病毒。
2026年5月12日，在孟加拉国达卡市北城市公司专属新冠医院，感染麻疹的儿童正在接受治疗，该国疫情正持续恶化。MD·阿布·苏菲安·朱维尔/德里克图片社/盖蒂图片社
麻疹已在孟加拉国人口稠密的城市和难民营快速蔓延，正如联合国儿童基金会的穆尼奥斯所言，人们担忧疫情会进一步扩散。
“孟加拉国64个行政区中已有58个检测出麻疹病例，疫情已覆盖全国大部分地区，而该国与邻国的边境管控较为宽松，人员流动频繁，”他告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻。
美国也需警惕
美国疾控中心多次警告称，境外疫情会直接威胁美国人的健康，因为麻疹极易跨境传播。该机构表示，任何地方出现的麻疹疫情都可能对全球构成威胁，尤其是在疫苗接种覆盖率低于95%的地区。
尽管麻疹疫苗自20世纪60年代起就在美国投入使用并广泛接种，但全国范围内已无法统一达到95%的接种阈值。
截至5月7日，美国疾控中心记录显示，今年年初以来全美已有1842例确诊麻疹病例，分布在39个州和司法管辖区。其中近93%的病例与疫情暴发相关，而非孤立的输入性旅行病例。相比之下，2024年全年美国仅记录285例病例。2025年，病例数飙升至2288例，为1991年以来的最高值。
该机构称，美国大部分感染者为未接种疫苗的儿童，或是疫苗接种情况不明的人群。
美国疾控中心的数据显示，全美幼儿园儿童的麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹联合疫苗（MMR）接种率已从新冠疫情前的约95%降至全国最低92%，数十万儿童因此面临感染风险。
约翰·霍普金斯大学去年发布的县级研究显示，在收集到数据的2066个美国县中，有78%的县疫苗接种率出现下滑。
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/measles-cases-climb-to-nearly-60-at-university-in-florida-as-outbreaks-surge-across-us/
美国官方曾在2000年正式宣布本土消灭麻疹，即病毒不再在美国境内持续传播。但这一状态如今已岌岌可危。
公共卫生研究人员和凯撒家庭基金会警告称，持续暴发的疫情可能导致超过12个月的不间断传播——一旦突破这一阈值，美国将不再符合技术上消灭麻疹的标准。2025年底，加拿大在病例激增后失去了麻疹消除资格，其情况与美国当前的状况类似。
美国疾控中心表示，美国大部分麻疹暴发都始于未接种疫苗的旅行者从疫情严重的国家将病毒带回国内。
根据美国疾控中心的说法，墨西哥、危地马拉、南亚部分地区（包括孟加拉国）以及非洲正面临令人担忧的麻疹疫情。
哥伦比亚广播公司新闻医疗通讯员塞琳·贡德里博士周一表示，今年夏天将给美国卫生官员带来重大挑战，届时将有大量球迷前往美国、墨西哥和加拿大联合举办的足球世界杯锦标赛现场观赛。
“我对世界杯最大的担忧实际上是麻疹，不是汉坦病毒，也不是埃博拉病毒，让我担心的正是麻疹，”贡德里说道，她指出全球不同地区都出现了这种高传染性疾病的暴发。
“我们自己也可能成为疫情源头，因为美国部分地区的疫苗接种水平较低，这是我最担心的问题，”她补充道。
孟加拉国争分夺秒控制疫情
联合国儿童基金会的穆尼奥斯表示，孟加拉国有望控制住本国的疫情。
在联合国儿童基金会和世界卫生组织的支持下，孟加拉国政府已启动麻疹疫苗紧急接种运动。
“5月5日以来，一场快速的紧急疫苗接种运动已经展开，目前已完成为1800万儿童接种的目标，”他告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻。
他表示，为防止未来疫情暴发并阻止疫情在全球蔓延，“最重要的是恢复免疫接种工作”。
阿尔沙德·R·扎加尔对本文亦有贡献。
Why a deadly, massive measles outbreak in Bangladesh has some U.S. health experts concerned
2026-05-20T11:28:00-0400 / CBS News
By Simon Ellery
Updated on: May 20, 2026 / 11:31 AM EDT / CBS News
A measles outbreak in Bangladesh that has killed almost 400 people is spreading fast, and health experts say it could carry risks even for the U.S., where cases of the disease are already at levels not seen in decades as vaccination rates continue to fall.
Most of those killed by the measles outbreak in Bangladesh in recent weeks have been children. The country’s Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) says the number of suspected cases has surged to over 56,000, with regional media outlets saying many hospitals across the country are overwhelmed.
That number of suspected cases has more than doubled since the beginning of April.
CBS News has asked Bangladesh’s public health minister Dr. M A Muhit to comment on the country’s handling of the outbreak, but there was no response from his office by the time of publication.
Local news outlets have shown images of overcrowded hospitals, with some patients receiving treatment on floors due to a lack of beds . Aid agencies report that many of the infected are children who were either too young to be vaccinated or were only partially vaccinated.
Children infected with measles receive treatment at a city corporation hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, May 8, 2026. Maruf Rahman/NurPhoto/Getty
“There has been a change in the vaccine supply by the government, which has led to delays and a three-year immunity gap,” Miguel Mateos Muñoz, with the United Nations children’s charity UNICEF in Bangladesh, told CBS News. “To be effective there should be two doses of the vaccine, but we are seeing children who have received either only one dose of the vaccine or no vaccine at all.”
What is measles and why is it dangerous?
Measles is among the most contagious viruses in the world. It is spread human-to-human relatively easily, most often by droplets that can hang in the air for hours when an infected individual coughs or sneezes.
If an unvaccinated person is exposed, there is about a 90% chance of them contracting an infection. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable, and the disease can lead to pneumonia symptoms, brain swelling, permanent disability and in a relatively low number of cases, death.
“An infected person can spread measles to others even before knowing they have the disease,” according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which says people with the virus can spread it “from 4 days before through 4 days after” the trademark blotchy rash associated with the disease appears.
The World Health Organization notes that there is no specific antiviral treatment for measles, and while most people recover within two or three weeks, “measles can lead to complications such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, secondary ear infection, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), blindness, and death.”
“About two or three deaths may occur for every 1,000 reported cases,” according to the WHO, which estimates that nearly 100,000 people died from the virus in 2024, despite the availability of effective vaccines.
Children suffering from measles receive treatment at the Dhaka North City Corporation Dedicated COVID-19 Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, May 12, 2026, as the country faces a growing outbreak. MD Abu Sufian Jewel/Drik/Getty
Measles has spread quickly through Bangladesh’s densely populated cities and refugee camps, and as UNICEF’s Muñoz explained, there’s concern that it could spread further.
“Measles has been detected in 58 out of the 64 districts in Bangladesh, so it is across most of the country, and this is a country with movements across porous borders to neighboring countries,” he told CBS News.
Cause for concern in the U.S.
The CDC has warned repeatedly that overseas outbreaks pose a direct risk to Americans’ health because measles travels so easily across borders. The agency says measles anywhere can pose a threat everywhere, especially to populations with a vaccination coverage rate below 95%.
While measles vaccines have been available and widely administered in the U.S. since the 1960s, that 95% threshold is no longer being met uniformly across the country.
As of May 7, the CDC had recorded 1,842 confirmed measles cases in the U.S. since the beginning of the year, spread across 39 states and jurisdictions. Nearly 93% of those cases were linked to outbreaks, not isolated travel cases. By comparison, the U.S. recorded just 285 cases in all of 2024. In 2025, that case load soared to 2,288, the highest total since 1991.
Most of the people infected in the U.S. have been unvaccinated children or individuals with an unknown vaccination status, according to the agency.
CDC data show uptake of the combined MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccination among U.S. kindergartners has dropped from about 95% before the COVID-19 pandemic, to as low as 92% nationally, leaving hundreds of thousands of children vulnerable.
County level research published last year by Johns Hopkins University showed vaccination rates declining in 78% of the 2,066 U.S. counties where data was gathered.
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/measles-cases-climb-to-nearly-60-at-university-in-florida-as-outbreaks-surge-across-us/
U.S. authorities only declared measles officially eliminated in 2000, meaning the virus is no longer spreading continuously within the country. But that status is now at risk.
Public health researchers and the Kaiser Family Foundation warn that ongoing outbreaks could lead to more than 12 months of uninterrupted transmission — a threshold that, if crossed, would mean measles was no longer technically eliminated in the U.S.
Canada lost its measles elimination status in late 2025 after a surge in cases not dissimilar to what the U.S. is seeing now.
The CDC says most U.S. outbreaks begin when an unvaccinated traveler brings the virus home from a country experiencing a large outbreak.
According to the CDC, Mexico, Guatemala, parts of South Asia (where Bangladesh is) and Africa are experiencing worrying outbreaks.
CBS News medical correspondent Dr. Céline Gounder said Monday that this summer will bring a major challenge for U.S. health officials as thousands of fans visit for the soccer World Cup championship, which is being jointly hosted by the U.S., Mexico and Canada.
“My biggest concern for the World Cup is actually measles. It’s not hantavirus, it is not Ebola. Measles is what has me concerned,” Gounder said, noting outbreaks of the highly infectious disease “in different parts of the world.”
“We ourselves could be the source of the outbreak, because we have low levels of vaccination in certain pockets of the country, so that is my biggest concern,” she said.
Racing the clock in Bangladesh
There is hope that Bangladesh can get its outbreak under control, UNICEF’s Muñoz said.
Bangladesh’s government, supported by UNICEF and the U.N.’s World Health Organization, has launched an emergency measles vaccination campaign.
“A rapid emergency vaccine campaign has been underway since the 5th May, and it has already reached its target of vaccinating 18 million children,” he told CBS News.
He said to prevent future outbreaks, and keep them from spreading around the globe, “the most important thing is to restore immunisation.”
Arshad R. Zargar contributed to this report.
