2026年8月19日 / 美国东部时间晚上9:03 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（CBS News）
莫德纳公司宣称其实验性黑色素瘤治疗取得了“里程碑式进展”，称该疫苗可帮助预防这种致命皮肤癌复发或扩散。
哥伦比亚广播公司新闻医疗记者塞琳·冈德博士解释称，这项开创性临床试验招募了超过1100名晚期黑色素瘤患者，研究人员会提取患者的肿瘤组织，以此为基础定制疫苗。冈德本人也曾罹患黑色素瘤，但因发现及时得以治愈。
此次试验结果来自三期临床试验，这是美国食品药品监督管理局审批前的最后一个研发阶段。
冈德表示，这项试验是“mRNA抗癌疫苗领域的重大胜利”。消息公布后，莫德纳的股价在周三上午上涨了一倍多。
以下是关于这款黑色素瘤疫苗你需要了解的信息：
这款黑色素瘤疫苗的工作原理是什么？
哥伦比亚广播公司新闻首席医疗记者乔恩·拉普克博士表示，首先会提取患者的肿瘤组织并进行分析，以确定其独特的基因突变。随后会借助人工智能，帮助科学家从数百种突变中筛选出应当纳入疫苗的靶点。
拉普克称，与其他mRNA疫苗一样，莫德纳的黑色素瘤疫苗会将合成mRNA递送至细胞内，对黑色素瘤形成“双重打击”。
莫德纳的这款mRNA疫苗需与默沙东的癌症免疫疗法药物可瑞达（Keytruda）联合使用，疫苗基于患者自身肿瘤的基因序列定制，因此每一针都具有个性化特征。
拉普克解释道：“癌细胞会披上一层‘隐形斗篷’，让免疫系统无法识别。第一重打击来自可瑞达这种药物，它能剥除这件斗篷。”
与此同时，患者的细胞会读取mRNA并合成一种蛋白质，随后信使RNA会被分解。这种蛋白质会训练免疫系统学会识别并攻击癌细胞。
拉普克说：“可以把它想象成给警犬提供气味线索。这款疫苗会给免疫系统提供黑色素瘤的‘气味’，让免疫系统能够追踪并消灭癌细胞。”
莫德纳的黑色素瘤疫苗试验有何发现？
莫德纳及其药物开发合作伙伴默沙东表示，对于黑色素瘤已侵犯深层组织或淋巴结的患者，这种新型疗法在帮助患者更长时间维持无癌状态方面，展现出“具有统计学意义且临床意义重大的改善”。
参与试验的患者均已通过手术切除肿瘤，且所有人都接受了标准免疫疗法可瑞达的治疗。其中部分患者额外接种了mRNA黑色素瘤疫苗，试验发现，该组患者的无癌生存期更长。
黑色素瘤是美国第五大常见确诊癌症，每年新增病例约11.2万例。美国癌症协会预计，今年美国约有8500人将死于黑色素瘤。
乔丹·弗赖曼编辑
乔恩·拉普克与塞琳·冈德博士为本报道撰稿。
Doctors explain how Moderna’s melanoma mRNA vaccine could fight deadliest form of skin cancer
August 19, 2026 / 9:03 PM EDT / CBS News
Moderna is touting a “landmark moment” in its experimental melanoma treatment, saying its vaccine could help prevent the deadly skin cancer from returning or spreading.
The groundbreaking clinical trial studied over 1,100 people whose melanoma was in advanced stages, taking a piece of a patient’s tumor and using it to build a shot, CBS News medical correspondent Dr. Céline Gounder explained.
The results came from a Phase 3 trial, the last stage before a Food and Drug Administration review.
Gounder, who has had melanoma herself but noticed it very early, said the trial is “a big win for mRNA vaccines against cancer.” Following the news, Moderna’s stock more than doubled on Wednesday morning.
Here’s what to know about the melanoma vaccine:
How does the melanoma vaccine work?
After a piece of the patient’s tumor is removed, it is analyzed to identify the unique mutations present, CBS News chief medical correspondent Dr. Jon LaPook said. Artificial intelligence is then used to help scientists figure out which of the hundreds of mutations should be included in the vaccine.
Like other mRNA vaccines, Moderna’s melanoma vaccine delivers synthetic mRNA into cells, delivering a “one-two punch” to melanoma, LaPook said.
Moderna’s mRNA vaccine — used in combination with Merck’s cancer immunotherapy drug Keytruda — is built from a patient’s own tumor, which has its own genetic sequence, so each dose is personalized.
“Cancer can put a cloak of invisibility around itself so the immune system can’t see it, and the first punch is a drug called Keytruda, which removes the cloak,” LaPook explained.
Meanwhile, the patient’s cells read the mRNA and build a protein, breaking the messenger down. That protein then trains the immune system to learn to attack cancer cells.
“Think of it like giving a scent to a bloodhound. The vaccine gives the immune system the scent of melanoma so the immune system can hunt it down and kill it,” LaPook said.
What did Moderna’s melanoma vaccine trial find?
For patients whose melanoma had gone deeper, or reached the lymph nodes, Moderna and its drug development partner Merck said the novel treatment showed “statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement” in helping patients remain cancer-free for longer.
For those participating in the trial, surgeons had already removed their tumors, and everyone had been treated with Keytruda, the standard immunotherapy. But some patients were also given the mRNA melanoma vaccine. That group stayed cancer-free longer, the trial found.
Melanoma is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States, with about 112,000 new cases each year. The American Cancer Society projects that about 8,500 people in the U.S. will die from melanoma this year.
Edited by Jordan Freiman
Jon LaPook and Dr. Céline Gounder contributed to this report.