美再打击伊朗设施伊方反击 双方剑拔弩张停火安排摇摇欲坠

2026年6月27日 22:46 / 联合早报

霍尔木兹海峡接连发生货船遭攻击事件，令国际社会对海峡安全通航存疑。联合海事资讯中心上调霍尔木兹海峡海上安全威胁等级至“较高”。 （路透社）

（华盛顿／德黑兰综合电）伊朗周六（6月27日）对美国早前的袭击展开报复，袭击美军关联目标。同一天，霍尔木兹海峡再有一艘油轮遭不明投射物击中，海峡局势使得美伊停火安排摇摇欲坠。

新一轮冲突源于周四一艘货船在阿曼湾遭袭，美军隔天攻击伊朗的导弹与无人机储存设施和沿海雷达阵地。伊朗不甘示弱反击，周六对美军目标发动防御性打击。

伊朗外交部周六强烈谴责美军空袭伊朗南部沿海多个地方，指美军袭击公然违反美伊谅解备忘录有关条款。

伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队周六警告，若美军发动进一步袭击，将招致更大规模的反击。

伊朗称，伊南部锡里克（Sirik）一处码头附近地区被美军袭击，码头过后正常运营，没有设备或设施受损。

美国总统特朗普周五指责伊朗违反停火协议。副总统万斯在社交媒体X平台上说，若伊朗诉诸暴力，将遭武力回击。

美军中央司令部说，美军周五攻击伊朗的导弹与无人机储存设施及沿海雷达阵地，以回应伊朗袭击一艘途经霍尔木兹海峡的货船。

美军称，将继续为通过霍尔木兹海峡的商船提供安全通行协调与支持。

周六又有油轮遭击中 海峡安全威胁等级再上调

不过，英国海上贸易行动办公室（UKMTO）周六发通报说，一艘油轮当天在霍尔木兹海峡航行时，遭到不明投射物击中，船舶驾驶台受损。油轮船长报告全体船员安全，也没有发现环境污染迹象。

联合海事资讯中心（JMIC）将霍尔木兹海峡海上安全威胁等级，由“中等”上调至“较高”。

巴林外交部周六则说，巴林本土遭到数架伊朗无人机的袭击。巴林严厉谴责伊朗的行径，指这公然侵犯巴林主权，破坏区域和平努力。

联合国的国际海事组织周五说，在阿曼湾商船遇袭事件前，已协助115艘船舶和约2500名海员撤离霍尔木兹海峡。

航运分析公司Kpler周五公布的数据显示，虽然发生袭击事件，仍有多艘船继续驶离波斯湾，周四离开的42艘船只，约一半冒险选择未获伊朗批准的航线。

阿曼据报已通知欧洲或对穿越海峡船只收费

另一方面，彭博社引述消息人士的话报道，阿曼已经告知欧洲官员，霍尔木兹海峡不可能恢复到战前状态，过境的船可能须缴纳一些费用。

阿曼官员表明将遵守国际海洋法，但会对海峡污染治理或协助船舶航行相关的服务收取费用。目前还不清楚会否强制征收这些费用。

美国、欧洲和波斯湾阿拉伯国家日益担心阿曼会与伊朗联手，针对霍尔木兹海峡制定通行费或收费系统。伊朗坚持要与阿曼共同管理海峡交通。

美再打击伊朗设施伊方反击 双方剑拔弩张停火安排摇摇欲坠

2026年6月27日 22:46 / 联合早报

霍尔木兹海峡接连发生货船遭攻击事件，令国际社会对海峡安全通航存疑。联合海事资讯中心上调霍尔木兹海峡海上安全威胁等级至“较高”。 （路透社）

（华盛顿／德黑兰综合电）伊朗周六（6月27日）对美国早前的袭击展开报复，袭击美军关联目标。同一天，霍尔木兹海峡再有一艘油轮遭不明投射物击中，海峡局势使得美伊停火安排摇摇欲坠。

新一轮冲突源于周四一艘货船在阿曼湾遭袭，美军隔天攻击伊朗的导弹与无人机储存设施和沿海雷达阵地。伊朗不甘示弱反击，周六对美军目标发动防御性打击。

伊朗外交部周六强烈谴责美军空袭伊朗南部沿海多个地方，指美军袭击公然违反美伊谅解备忘录有关条款。

伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队周六警告，若美军发动进一步袭击，将招致更大规模的反击。

伊朗称，伊南部锡里克（Sirik）一处码头附近地区被美军袭击，码头过后正常运营，没有设备或设施受损。

美国总统特朗普周五指责伊朗违反停火协议。副总统万斯在社交媒体X平台上说，若伊朗诉诸暴力，将遭武力回击。

美军中央司令部说，美军周五攻击伊朗的导弹与无人机储存设施及沿海雷达阵地，以回应伊朗袭击一艘途经霍尔木兹海峡的货船。

美军称，将继续为通过霍尔木兹海峡的商船提供安全通行协调与支持。

周六又有油轮遭击中 海峡安全威胁等级再上调

不过，英国海上贸易行动办公室（UKMTO）周六发通报说，一艘油轮当天在霍尔木兹海峡航行时，遭到不明投射物击中，船舶驾驶台受损。油轮船长报告全体船员安全，也没有发现环境污染迹象。

联合海事资讯中心（JMIC）将霍尔木兹海峡海上安全威胁等级，由“中等”上调至“较高”。

巴林外交部周六则说，巴林本土遭到数架伊朗无人机的袭击。巴林严厉谴责伊朗的行径，指这公然侵犯巴林主权，破坏区域和平努力。

联合国的国际海事组织周五说，在阿曼湾商船遇袭事件前，已协助115艘船舶和约2500名海员撤离霍尔木兹海峡。

航运分析公司Kpler周五公布的数据显示，虽然发生袭击事件，仍有多艘船继续驶离波斯湾，周四离开的42艘船只，约一半冒险选择未获伊朗批准的航线。

阿曼据报已通知欧洲或对穿越海峡船只收费

另一方面，彭博社引述消息人士的话报道，阿曼已经告知欧洲官员，霍尔木兹海峡不可能恢复到战前状态，过境的船可能须缴纳一些费用。

阿曼官员表明将遵守国际海洋法，但会对海峡污染治理或协助船舶航行相关的服务收取费用。目前还不清楚会否强制征收这些费用。

美国、欧洲和波斯湾阿拉伯国家日益担心阿曼会与伊朗联手，针对霍尔木兹海峡制定通行费或收费系统。伊朗坚持要与阿曼共同管理海峡交通。

Leaders of effort to preserve Temporary Protected Status react to Supreme Court loss

2026-06-27 9:01 AM EDT / CNN

By Victor Blackwell and Hyan de Freitas, CNN

Leaders of effort to preserve Temporary Protected Status react to Supreme Court loss

Haitian community leader, Viles Dorsainvil and Co-counsel in TPS Supreme Court Case, Ghita Schwarz break down Supreme Court immigration ruling.

3:37 • Source: CNN

中非共和国暴发霍乱疫情 24人死亡

2026年6月27日 23:14 / 联合早报

2022年10月18日，在中非共和国以西的尼日利亚的博尔诺州迈杜古里，无国界医生组织设置帐篷，救治霍乱重症患者。 （路透社档案照片）

中非共和国暴发霍乱疫情，已确认首都班吉附近地区出现24起死亡病例和197个确诊病例。

据法新社报道，卫生和人口部长索姆塞星期五（6月26日）晚在电视上发布消息说：“卫生部于2026年6月26日确认，班吉西南部的宾博（Bimbo）和姆拜基（Mbaiki）卫生区暴发霍乱疫情。”

受影响地区已采取措施限制疫情蔓延，附近城镇也正在部署更多措施。

霍乱（cholera）是由霍乱弧菌引起的急性肠道传染病，通过受污染的食物或饮用水传播，可导致严重腹泻和脱水，病情严重或治疗延误可致命。

虽然霍乱在较富裕的国家已基本消除，但在清洁用水匮乏的贫困地区仍是一个威胁。当局正在调查此次疫情的源头，这是中非共和国的第五次疫情。

在2016年的疫情中，500多人染病，23人死亡。

中非共和国暴发霍乱疫情 24人死亡

2026年6月27日 23:14 / 联合早报

2022年10月18日，在中非共和国以西的尼日利亚的博尔诺州迈杜古里，无国界医生组织设置帐篷，救治霍乱重症患者。 （路透社档案照片）

中非共和国暴发霍乱疫情，已确认首都班吉附近地区出现24起死亡病例和197个确诊病例。

据法新社报道，卫生和人口部长索姆塞星期五（6月26日）晚在电视上发布消息说：“卫生部于2026年6月26日确认，班吉西南部的宾博（Bimbo）和姆拜基（Mbaiki）卫生区暴发霍乱疫情。”

受影响地区已采取措施限制疫情蔓延，附近城镇也正在部署更多措施。

霍乱（cholera）是由霍乱弧菌引起的急性肠道传染病，通过受污染的食物或饮用水传播，可导致严重腹泻和脱水，病情严重或治疗延误可致命。

虽然霍乱在较富裕的国家已基本消除，但在清洁用水匮乏的贫困地区仍是一个威胁。当局正在调查此次疫情的源头，这是中非共和国的第五次疫情。

在2016年的疫情中，500多人染病，23人死亡。

Supreme Court ruling, ECB conference likely to further frame Fed chief Warsh’s early tenure

2026-06-27T12:02:55.037Z / Reuters

WASHINGTON, June 27 (Reuters) – Federal Reserve Chairman Kevin Warsh’s early leadership of the U.S. central bank faces fresh tests this week, with an appearance before a high-profile economic conference in Portugal and the U.S. Supreme Court’s expected ruling on the legality of President Donald Trump’s effort to ​fire a Fed policymaker.

The top U.S. court, entering the final week of its current term, could decide as soon as Monday whether Fed Governor Lisa Cook can keep her job despite Trump’s announcement last August that he ‌was firing her.

Lower courts have agreed that Cook is likely to win her legal challenge of Trump’s effort to fire her and have let her remain on the Fed’s Board of Governors as the case worked its way to the Supreme Court.

Fed governors can only be fired “for cause,” but that has never been defined or tested in the courts. Trump is the first president to attempt to dismiss a sitting governor, arguing that what the president has characterized as misstatements on a home mortgage application by Cook justified her removal.

The move was seen broadly as an attack on ​the Fed’s independence from political interference in its policymaking, as Trump sought to make room on the Fed’s board for his own appointees after being frustrated that current U.S. central bankers would not respond to his ​demands for steep interest rate cuts.

In a hearing earlier this year, Supreme Court justices seemed skeptical of the Trump administration’s arguments. Though it has allowed the administration to remove officials ⁠from other independent agencies, the Supreme Court indicated in earlier rulings that the Fed had its own status. Legal scholars interpreted that stance as a hint that the court would find a rationale to protect the central bank’s policymakers from removal “at ​will.”

Allowing Cook to remain, with firm guardrails in place, would remove a major risk for Warsh — namely that his leadership of the Fed would involve a disruptive string of firings by Trump, with Warsh himself at risk of removal.

It would also, however, ​emphasize the constraints Trump faces when it comes to influencing the Fed’s actions, including on rates, with a ruling in Cook’s favor also insulating Warsh and others to act free from the threat of removal.

Recent economic data, with a key inflation gauge in May running at more than double the Fed’s 2% target, has raised the likelihood in the eyes of investors that the central bank will raise rates in coming months, not lower them as Trump has said he wants and expects.

So far, however, comments by Trump and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent have been more forgiving ​than they were towards former Fed Chair Jerome Powell, whose refusal to cut rates earned him the pejorative “Too Late” nickname, and more significantly, a since-dropped criminal investigation and calls for his removal. Powell remains a member of the Fed’s board.

“Kevin ​is fantastic, and I want him to do whatever he wants,” Trump said on NBC News’ “Meet the Press” program earlier this month. “I don’t want to have a big influence on him.”

Warsh’s approach to his job may help him somewhat in managing Trump’s expectations. The ‌new Fed chief ⁠has said he plans to avoid as much as possible any talk or “forward guidance” about whether the policy interest rate should be raised or lowered on any given timetable, keeping his own outlook largely out of public, and the president’s, view.

DIMINISHED GUIDANCE ‘ENTIRELY APPROPRIATE’

Warsh has long said he dislikes guidance or steering financial markets about Fed outcomes during normal times, when, he argues, investors should be reacting to economic conditions and not the central bank.

He began putting that preference into practice quickly, overseeing a new policy statement that dropped guidance language and emphasizing the point in his first press conference as Fed chief following the central bank’s June 16-17 meeting.

“Your question sounded like an encouragement for me to give forward guidance. We’ve dropped forward guidance,” he said in ​response to a reporter’s query about the conditions under which the Fed ​might raise rates. “I can’t give any forward guidance about ⁠what we’re going to do next. The good news is, we’ll be meeting in six weeks” and issuing an updated policy statement.

Warsh’s appearance on Wednesday at the European Central Bank’s annual forum in the Portuguese hilltop resort of Sintra will be a first test of how that approach is received by global peers including ECB President Christine Lagarde, Bank of England Governor ​Andrew Bailey and Bank of Canada Governor Tiff Macklem.

The four central bankers will share a question-and-answer panel.

While the ECB’s Lagarde has also moved away from forward guidance, the ​BoE includes fairly detailed commentary about ⁠how the economy is seen evolving, based on different economic scenarios.

The dollar, however, plays a different role globally as the major reserve and trading currency, with unexpected movements in U.S. interest rates a source of potential stress across other markets and currencies, and the Fed’s open “swap lines” with other countries offering a dollar liquidity backstop for much of the world economy.

A global audience will be looking to see just how far Warsh’s low-information approach might extend.

Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, who is leaving his post as the International Monetary ⁠Fund’s chief economist ​next week to return to academic life, told Reuters in an exit interview on Friday that strong forward guidance had gotten “really bad press” because it ​committed central banks to some future action, regardless of economic developments, noting it bound the Fed from responding more quickly to the inflation outbreak following the COVID-19 pandemic.

“So I think moving away from these strong forms of forward guidance is entirely appropriate. Saying there is no forward guidance, I ​don’t think that is actually the case ever. You do it explicitly, or implicitly, the market is going to form a view,” he said.

Reporting by Howard Schneider; additional reporting by Andrea Shalal in Washington; editing by Dan Burns and Paul Simao

委内瑞拉地震废墟中 一新生儿获救

2026年6月27日 23:48 / 联合早报

发布在社交媒体Instagram的视频截图显示，搜救人员从拉瓜伊拉市一处废墟救出一名仅18天大的新生婴儿。 （AFP）

在委内瑞拉沿海城市拉瓜伊拉遭受两次地震袭击32小时后，一个新生儿从倒塌的建筑物中获救。

法新社报道，星期五（6月26日）在社交媒体上传开的一段视频显示，救援人员在探照灯的照射下，在倒塌的砖石结构上挖掘，最终将婴儿抱出，现场民众纷纷鼓掌。事发地点位于首都加拉加斯以北受灾最严重的城市拉瓜伊拉（La Guaira）。

救援人员小心翼翼地将裹在被子里的婴儿从一个人传递到另一个人，用纸巾轻轻地擦拭婴儿。

据在社交媒体上发布这段视频的用户昆特罗（Andreina Quintero）称，婴儿只有18天大，受困32小时后安然无恙。婴儿的母亲在婴儿获救一小时后也获救。

在星期五晚些时候发布的一段后续视频中，昆特罗展示了躺在病床上的母亲，一名医护人员告诉她，婴儿看起来没有受伤。

医护人员推测，母亲可能用自己的身体或其他物体盖住了婴儿，从而救了婴儿一命。

星期三发生的两次震级分别为7.2级和7.5级的地震造成至少920人死亡，另有数千人受伤或失踪。

Venezuela to limit access to hard-hit La Guaira region as search for earthquake survivors enters 3rd day

June 27, 2026 / 8:05 AM EDT / CBS/AP

The situation is growing more desperate by the hour in Venezuela as people dig through the rubble of collapsed homes and apartment buildings three days after twin earthquakes struck the country, leaving hundreds dead and thousands trapped.

Venezuelans took the search for missing loved ones into their own hands, citing a scarcity of government rescuers, as the human toll of Wednesday’s quakes climbed. Aid agencies consider the first 48 to 72 hours to be a crucial time frame to retrieve people alive, though that can be extended if they have access to food and water.

Venezuelans reported seeing few state rescue teams in the hardest-hit areas, despite authorities projecting an image of a robust government response. Acting President Delcy Rodríguez said the Venezuelan government was mounting a full response during these “critical hours for rescuing people alive” and welcomed the arrival of international rescuers and humanitarian aid.

Diana Sandrano told “CBS Saturday Morning” her brother has been missing for two days. The building where he lived was destroyed in the quakes. Rescue workers and search dogs scoured the building as she prayed for a miracle. Sandrano said she will search for him “as long as it takes.”

“He deserves to live and have a future,” Sandrano said, after a day of searching.

More than 200 people have been rescued so far, the government of Caracas said. But about 51,000 remain missing. The figure likely includes people who have been unable to communicate with loved ones due to the lack of cellphone signals, and some reports may be duplicates.

The International Organization for Migration said up to 6.76 million people in Venezuela could be affected by the earthquakes, including some 2 million in Caracas alone.

Residents and rescue workers search through the rubble in La Guaira, Venezuela, on Friday, June 26, 2026. Juan Pablo Arraez via AP

Officials block access to epicenter as families wait and hope

Authorities announced Friday night they would block access to La Guaira, the epicenter of the destruction just north of Caracas, as chaos and traffic began to hamper search efforts. Anyone who wants to enter would now have to seek official permits, but provided few details of who would be allowed in.

Rodríguez said food and water is being distributed in the region by government officials. She said La Guaira had been militarized and more help was on the way, even as residents said it was just a fraction of what they needed.

Nazareth Jimenez sobbed into a loved one’s shoulder as she watched neighbors use hammers and power tools to try to cut through slabs of concrete in a building reduced to a mountain of debris. She was wracked with anxiety as she waited to see if her siblings, nephews, nieces and friends would emerge alive.

“My God, how are we going to get them out of there?” Jimenez said.

Jimenez pleaded for machinery capable of moving collapsed structures.

“We’re making a call for help to the government and countries across the world,” she said. “There are still people alive in there.”

Residents search through rubble in Catia La Mar, in Venezuela on Friday, June 26, 2026. Fernando Vergara via AP

Omar Reyes said around 20 family members died in the disaster.

“I’ve been left alone in this life,” Reyes said, walking through the rubble where two of his children were buried.

Because the two quakes took place within a minute, many people did not have time to evacuate their buildings, Northwestern University professor emeritus Emile Okal told CBS News. The shallow depth of the quakes led to a massive impact on the surface.

The twin earthquakes were also followed by a series of aftershocks, including a 4.5-magnitude quake recorded on Friday. Loyce Pace, the International Red Cross’ regional director for the Americas, said “people are still terrified to reenter what were their homes.”

Earthquakes amplify economic and political turmoil

The disaster poses a huge challenge for Rodríguez, the former vice president who took office in January after the capture and removal of then-President Nicolás Maduro by the United States. Venezuela has been facing economic disarray for more than a decade, and many people reject the legitimacy of the political movement Rodríguez represents.

In the city of Maiquetia, people lined up outside stores and pharmacies that served them one by one behind closed doors. At one point a woman in a crowd threw herself to the ground to protect a package of diapers with her body, desperate to keep it.

Traffic and throngs of motorcyclists at times disrupted search efforts. Mexican soldiers and volunteers repeatedly asked for silence to try to hear signs of life under the rubble, but bikers — civilian and uniformed — continued to honk horns and rev engines.

This combination of satellite images shows buildings in Caraballeda, Venezuela on Dec. 28, 2025, left, and on Friday, June 26, 2026, after an earthquake. Satellite image ©2026 Vantor via AP

Some people began to carry off basic goods such as toilet paper and food from stores in Catia La Mar, a neighborhood in La Guaira that holds over 200 housing towers. Others swarmed a civilian pickup truck that was giving out bread and water, until a soldier intervened. The parking lot of a pharmacy turned into a makeshift shelter with tarps, hammocks and tents.

A few miles away, Yuleidy Cadenas, 28, stood across the street from a collapsed public housing building, hoping her son, mother and brother would be pulled out alive.

She fled barefoot from another building as it collapsed Wednesday and found her mother’s 12-floor apartment tower had pancaked.

“I got on top of the rubble and told them to yell back, and nobody did, not my brother, nor my son or my mother,” Cadenas said.

International rescuers bring resources and expertise

Venezuelan authorities said Friday that 861 volunteers from Mexico, the U.S., El Salvador, Switzerland, Colombia and beyond were in the country, and more were coming from elsewhere.

Rodríguez said she spoke to President Donald Trump and Secretary of State Marco Rubio on Friday and they reaffirmed their commitment to send rescue teams and aid equipment.

The U.S. resources included search and rescue teams from Fairfax County, Virginia, and Los Angeles, Rubio said Thursday. The U.S. has also sent medical resources and humanitarian aid, he said.

委内瑞拉地震废墟中 一新生儿获救

2026年6月27日 23:48 / 联合早报

发布在社交媒体Instagram的视频截图显示，搜救人员从拉瓜伊拉市一处废墟救出一名仅18天大的新生婴儿。 （AFP）

在委内瑞拉沿海城市拉瓜伊拉遭受两次地震袭击32小时后，一个新生儿从倒塌的建筑物中获救。

法新社报道，星期五（6月26日）在社交媒体上传开的一段视频显示，救援人员在探照灯的照射下，在倒塌的砖石结构上挖掘，最终将婴儿抱出，现场民众纷纷鼓掌。事发地点位于首都加拉加斯以北受灾最严重的城市拉瓜伊拉（La Guaira）。

救援人员小心翼翼地将裹在被子里的婴儿从一个人传递到另一个人，用纸巾轻轻地擦拭婴儿。

据在社交媒体上发布这段视频的用户昆特罗（Andreina Quintero）称，婴儿只有18天大，受困32小时后安然无恙。婴儿的母亲在婴儿获救一小时后也获救。

在星期五晚些时候发布的一段后续视频中，昆特罗展示了躺在病床上的母亲，一名医护人员告诉她，婴儿看起来没有受伤。

医护人员推测，母亲可能用自己的身体或其他物体盖住了婴儿，从而救了婴儿一命。

星期三发生的两次震级分别为7.2级和7.5级的地震造成至少920人死亡，另有数千人受伤或失踪。

克服严重过敏女孩13岁方尝炸薯条 本地儿童食物过敏原反应攀升

2026年6月27日 18:54 / 联合早报 新明日报

AI摘要

• 15岁女孩葛思恩历经多年治疗，先后克服对豆制品、鸡蛋等多种食物过敏，13岁才首次吃炸薯条。
• 竹脚妇幼医院数据显示，2012至2025年儿童食物过敏原皮肤测试阳性反应增逾四倍。
• 医生指出“卫生假说”及延迟引入易敏食物可能加剧过敏趋势，建议婴儿一岁内尝试多样食物。
• 医院自2023年推“口服免疫疗法”，通过微量过敏原逐步训练免疫系统，已用于花生、牛奶，7月起扩至鸡蛋。

本摘要由AI辅助生成，仅供参考

15岁的葛思恩（左）自出生起就对多种食物过敏。她在襁褓时期对乳制品、花生和甲壳类海鲜过敏；进入幼年期，过敏原进一步扩大至大豆、芝麻和麸质。母亲方素莲（右）在购买食品时需要非常谨慎。 （竹脚妇幼医院提供）

葛思恩在13岁那年，才尝到了人生第一口炸薯条的滋味。

那天，她在竹脚妇幼医院顺利通过食物耐受测试，确认自己不再对豆制品过敏，就迫不及待地去著名快餐店打包一大袋薯条（含有豆制品）来庆祝。那一刻，味蕾的满足与内心的喜悦令她至今记忆犹新。

如今已经15岁的她，前阵子又成功克服了对鸡蛋的过敏，终于能安心地去学校食堂和同学们一起享用美食。

这份看似平凡的快乐，对葛思恩而言却来之不易。她自出生起就有严重湿疹问题，还对多种食物过敏。襁褓时期对乳制品、花生和甲壳类海鲜过敏；进入幼年期，过敏原进一步扩大至大豆、鸡蛋、芝麻和麸质。

须遵守极其严苛饮食限制的她，在长达九年的校园时光里，从未在学校食堂吃过摊位所售卖的任何一口食物，日常生活一度须时刻警惕与防范各种过敏原。

呈阳反应不等同于确诊过敏

随着生活环境和饮食习惯的改变，本地儿童对常见食物过敏原产生反应的趋势愈发显著。竹脚妇幼医院的最新数据显示，2012年至2025年期间，该院记录到的常见食物过敏原皮肤点刺测试（Skin Prick Test）呈阳性反应的次数，13年间增加超过四倍，从2012年的700个阳性反应增至2025年的3600多个。

皮肤点刺测试呈阳性反应，意味着患者的免疫系统对某个过敏原有敏感迹象，但并不完全等同于实际患有食物过敏的临床确诊病例或患者总人数。

为了提高公众对食物过敏的认知，竹脚妇幼医院连续第三年与新加坡食品局（SFA）合作举办宣导活动。星期六（6月27日）上午在榜鹅综合社区中心One Punggol的展览和路演除了一系列互动游戏、教育展览和故事分享会外，还首次邀请过敏症患者葛思恩及母亲现身说法，分享如何在日常生活中应对食物过敏的挑战。

竹脚妇幼医院小儿过敏科主任兼资深顾问医生张国威接受《联合早报》专访时指出，这一增长趋势是由基因、环境和生活方式等复杂因素相互作用引起的。在环境方面，目前医学界普遍认可“卫生假说”（Hygiene Hypothesis）。

张医生解释说：“如果幼童在过于干净的环境中成长，免疫系统在早期就没有接触到足够的外部细菌。这导致免疫系统失去了学习辨别‘好细菌’和‘坏细菌’的训练机会，进而可能引发免疫系统的异常反应，导致过敏趋势上升。”

此外，过去许多家长由于担心引发过敏，往往选择延迟向婴儿喂食鸡蛋或花生等易过敏食物。然而，近年来的多项研究证实，这种做法反而会适得其反，增加儿童患上食物过敏的风险。对此，张医生建议公众不应延迟让婴儿接触这类食物，一般在婴儿出生第一年内，就应该开始让他们尝试不同种类的食物，包括常见的过敏原。

张国威医生指出，食物过敏主要影响儿童，通常在出生后的第二年至第五年内显现，好在大部分儿童对鸡蛋和牛奶的过敏症状，在成长到5至6岁时会逐渐消失。然而，花生、坚果或甲壳类海鲜（如虾蟹）的过敏则往往会持续到成年。

竹脚妇幼医院小儿过敏科主任兼资深顾问医生张国威（右）说，15岁的葛思恩（左）已经在竹脚医院接受了十年的食物过敏治疗。（竹脚妇幼医院提供）

推出“口服免疫疗法” 逐步训练免疫系统

在治疗方面，过去应对食物过敏的主要手段是严格避免接触相关食物，等待部分患者在成长中逐渐不再对原有的过敏原产生反应。

竹脚妇幼医院自2023年起，将“口服免疫疗法”（Oral Immunotherapy）引入临床应用，为患者提供了新的治疗选择。过去三年多以来，已经有60名对花生或牛奶过敏的儿童接受过“口服免疫疗法”。7月起，医院将开始让那些对鸡蛋过敏的儿童接受“口服免疫疗法”。

张国威医生用“健身练肌肉”来生动地形容这一疗法。他解释道，这项疗法的目的并非完全根治过敏，而是在医护人员的密切监督下，让患者每日服用微量且精准计算的过敏原（如花生或牛奶），从而逐步提高身体的耐受度。这能有效防止患者在日常外出用餐时，因食物受到微量交叉污染而引发致命的严重过敏反应。

“这就像一个瘦弱的男孩想成为健美运动员，他必须每天去健身房，从轻量开始，随着肌肉力量的增强，逐步增加负重。如果家长只是偶尔在家自行给孩子吃一点过敏原进行‘测试’，这就如同每两个月才盲目去一次健身房并随意举起重物，不仅无法训练免疫系统，反而很容易让孩子受伤，引发严重的过敏反应。”

该疗法需要医疗团队、护士和营养师的多学科配合，且需要极高的纪律性。患者在经过一两年的“训练期”达到耐受标准后，仍需无限期地每天服用维持剂量以保持耐受力。目前，针对牛奶和鸡蛋的口服免疫疗法，只适用于4至5岁以上未能自然摆脱过敏症的儿童。

临床研究也显示，难以自然痊愈的花生过敏若能越早干预，效果将越佳，因此竹脚妇幼医院已开始为年仅2岁的幼儿提供口服免疫疗法的咨询与治疗。由于这类疗法需要约两年的随访期，医院目前的接收上限为16岁以下的儿科患者。