2026年6月1日 / 美国东部时间早上6:25 / 哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）新闻
作者：卡米洛·蒙托亚-加尔韦斯 移民通讯记者
卡米洛·蒙托亚-加尔韦斯是CBS新闻的移民通讯记者，其报道见于多个节目和平台，包括全国广播节目、CBS新闻24小时频道、CBSNews.com以及该机构的社交媒体账号。
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据哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）新闻获得的联邦政府内部文件显示，特朗普政府正在制定一项计划，允许美国移民官员不经面谈快速驳回部分庇护申请。
内部文件中提及的国土安全部新规，将是特朗普总统白宫团队收紧美国庇护系统准入的最新举措，政府官员称该系统存在系统性欺诈问题。
根据该新规，美国公民及移民服务局（USCIS，国土安全部下属机构）的官员若认定庇护申请在申请人抵达美国一年后提交，将有权驳回申请，无需遵循传统的面谈申请人程序。
文件显示，美国公民及移民服务局将把被驳回申请的申请人移交至司法部移民法院系统启动驱逐程序，要求他们在对抗性庭审中为留在美国进行辩护。
美国移民法通常规定，外国人若在入境美国一年后才提交庇护申请，将丧失申请资格。但该条款包含例外情况，例如涉及严重疾病或法律援助不力的案件，未成年孤身入境者也不受该期限限制。
联邦内部文件概述的新规将允许美国公民及移民服务局官员，在认定申请人符合一年期限内未提交申请的例外情形时，推进庇护案件并安排面谈。
但该新规仍将颠覆美国公民及移民服务局长期以来几乎对所有庇护申请人在作出裁决前均进行面谈的政策，允许快速驳回那些书面记录显示申请人未满足一年申请期限的案件。
美国公民及移民服务局发言人在给CBS新闻的一份声明中表示，特朗普政府“正在考虑多种方案”，以解决由拜登政府“危险的开放边境政策”造成的逾百万份庇护申请积压问题，其中包括将“不合格”的申请移交至移民法院。
“这将使美国公民及移民服务局避免在原本会移交至驱逐程序的庇护申请上浪费时间，同时将允许非法外籍人士在法官面前陈述其诉求，”美国公民及移民服务局发言人补充道。
康奇塔·克鲁兹是一名移民律师，运营着一家为寻求庇护者提供帮助的组织。她担忧新规会在未允许申请人解释为何在一年期限后才提交申请的情况下，“不当”将申请人置于驱逐程序中。
作为庇护申请者维权项目的联合执行主任，克鲁兹表示，寻求庇护者可能在入境美国一年多后才提交申请，原因“有很多”，包括他们曾以签证等临时身份在美国生活。
“政府正在改变那些多年来一直在应对复杂移民程序的移民的规则，”她补充道。
美国法律允许身处美国境内的大多数外国人申请庇护，即便他们是非法入境。但要获得真正的庇护法律保护，门槛要高得多，申请人必须证明他们是因种族、宗教、国籍、政治观点或属于某一社会群体而逃离迫害。获得庇护的人士可永久在美国生活，而案件被驳回的人士则应被驱逐出境。
近年来，数百万件庇护案件的积压阻碍了联邦政府快速裁决申请的能力，两党政府均称这一程序堵塞会促使经济移民利用该系统留在美国并工作，尽管他们并不符合庇护资格。
政府数据显示，负责审理合法入境或未面临驱逐的移民提交的庇护案件的美国公民及移民服务局，截至去年秋季尚有150万件待处理的庇护申请。与此同时，负责审理驱逐案件的司法部移民法院，截至今年3月有330万件待处理诉求，其中230万件涉及庇护申请。
作为其驱逐打击行动的一部分，特朗普政府已采取多项措施限制庇护，并积极推进驱逐寻求庇护者，主要是那些在拜登政府时期被允许进入美国南部边境的人士。
该政府已与全球多个国家达成“安全第三国”驱逐协议，包括一些人权记录存疑的国家，将寻求庇护者遣送至非其本国的国家，并指示他们在这些国家寻求庇护，而非美国。
去年，在华盛顿特区两名国民警卫队士兵枪击案的嫌疑人被曝光为一名已获得庇护的阿富汗男子后，官员们暂停了美国公民及移民服务局负责的所有庇护案件。数月后，该暂停措施有所放宽，但针对特朗普“旅行禁令”公告中列出的39个国家公民提交的申请，暂停措施仍然有效。
Trump administration plan would allow for quick asylum rejections without interviews, internal documents show
June 1, 2026 / 6:25 AM EDT / CBS News
By Camilo Montoya-Galvez Immigration Correspondent
Camilo Montoya-Galvez is the Immigration Correspondent at CBS News, where his reporting is featured across multiple programs and platforms, including national broadcast shows, CBS News 24/7, CBSNews.com and the organization’s social media accounts.
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The Trump administration is developing a plan that would allow U.S. immigration officials to quickly reject some asylum applications without interviewing the applicants, according to internal federal government documents obtained by CBS News.
The Department of Homeland Security regulation described in the internal documents would be the latest effort by President Trump’s White House to tighten access to the U.S. asylum system, which administration officials have claimed is plagued by systematic fraud.
Under the regulation, officers at U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, a branch of DHS, would be empowered to reject asylum applications, without adhering to the traditional practice of interviewing the applicants, if they find the cases were filed a year after their arrival to the U.S.
USCIS would place rejected applicants in deportation proceedings before the Justice Department’s immigration court system, requiring them to plead their cases to remain in the country in an adversarial setting, the documents say.
U.S. immigration law generally disqualifies foreigners from applying for asylum if they do so a year after entering the country. But that provision includes exceptions, such as cases involving a serious medical condition or poor legal counsel. Unaccompanied minors are also not subject to the deadline.
The regulation outlined in the internal federal documents would allow USCIS officers to move forward with an asylum case and schedule an interview if they determine the applicants meet one of the exceptions for not filing their application within the 1-year deadline.
But the regulation would nonetheless upend USCIS’ longstanding policy of interviewing virtually all asylum applicants before making a decision on their claims, allowing for quick rejections of cases where the paper record suggests the applicants did not meet the 1-year deadline.
In a statement to CBS News, a USCIS spokesperson said the Trump administration is “considering multiple options” to address a backlog of over a million asylum claims “created by the Biden adminsration’s dangerous open borders policies,” including sending “deficient” applications to the immigration courts.
“This would allow USCIS to avoid wasting time on asylum applications that it would otherwise refer to immigration proceedings and will allow illegal aliens to have their claims heard by a judge,” the USCIS spokesperson added.
Conchita Cruz, an immigration lawyer who runs an organization that assists asylum-seekers, expressed concern that the regulation would “wrongfully” place applicants in deportation proceedings without allowing them to explain why they may have filed their application after the 1-year deadline.
Cruz, the co-executive director of the Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project, said there are “many reasons” why asylum-seekers may file their applications more than a year after entering the U.S., including because they have been living in the country with a temporary status, like a visa.
“The government would be changing the rules on immigrants who have been navigating a complex immigration process, often for many years,” she added.
U.S. law allows most foreigners on American soil to request asylum, even if they enter the country illegally. But the threshold to win the actual legal protection of asylum is much higher, requiring applicants to show they’re fleeing persecution on the basis of their race, religion, nationality, political views or membership in a social group. Those granted asylum are allowed to live in the U.S. permanently, while those whose cases are denied are supposed to be deported.
In recent years, a backlog of millions of asylum cases has hindered the federal government’s ability to adjudicate applications quickly, a logjam that Republican and Democratic administrations have said encourages economic migrants to use the system to stay and work in the U.S., even though they do not qualify for asylum.
USCIS, which oversees asylum cases filed by immigrants in the U.S. legally or who are not facing deportation, had 1.5 million pending asylum applications as of last fall, government figures show. Meanwhile, the Justice Department’s immigration courts, which handle deportation cases, had 3.3 million pending claims as of March, 2.3 million of them involving asylum requests.
As part of its deportation crackdown, the Trump administration has adopted various measures to restrict asylum and aggressively pursue the deportation of asylum-seekers, mainly those allowed into the U.S. along the southern border under the Biden administration.
The administration has brokered “safe third country” deportation agreements with multiple nations across the globe, including ones with questionable human rights records, to send asylum-seekers to countries that are not their own, with instructions to seek refuge there instead of in the U.S.
Last year, officials also froze all asylum cases overseen by USCIS, after the suspect in the shooting of two National Guard soldiers in Washington, D.C., was revealed to be an Afghan man who had been granted asylum. After several months, that pause was scaled back, but remains in place for cases filed by citizens of 39 countries listed on Mr. Trump’s “travel ban” proclamation.